1、考研英语 5及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Manpower Inc. ,with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary, employment agency. Every morning, its people -|_|- into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days work for a days pay, one day at a time. -|_|- industrial
2、 giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive -|_|- reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. -|_|- its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This“ -|_|- “work force is the m
3、ost important -|_|- in American business today, and it is -|_|- changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive -|_|- avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens -|_|- by employment rules, healthcare costs and pen
4、sion plans. workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of -|_|- that came being a loyal employee. Manpower Inc. ,with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary, employment agency. Every morning, its people -|_|- into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days wor
5、k for a days pay, one day at a time. -|_|- industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive -|_|- reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. -|_|- its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers an
6、d temporary workers. This“ -|_|- “work force is the most important -|_|- in American business today, and it is -|_|- changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive -|_|- avoiding market cycles and the growing burden
7、s -|_|- by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of -|_|- that came being a loyal employee. （分数：1.00）A.swarmB.strideC.separateD.slip二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the followin
8、g drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, the
9、n interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Late Victorian and modern ideas of culture are always, in some sense, attributed to Matthew Arnold, who, largely through his Culture and Anarchy (18
10、69) , placed the word at the center of debates about the goals of intellectual life and humanistic society. Arnold defined culture as “the pursuit of total perfection by means of getting to know, on all matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world“. It was Arn
11、olds hope that, through this knowledge, we can turn “a fresh and free thought upon our stock notions and habits“. Although Arnolds thinking about culture helped to define the purposes of the liberal arts curriculum in the century following the publication of Culture, three concrete forms of disagree
12、ment with Arnolds views have had considerable impact of their own. The first can be seen as protesting Arnolds fearful destination of “anarchy“ as cultures enemy. This division seems to set up simply one more version of the old struggle between a privileged power structure and radical challenges to
13、its authority. Arnold certainly tried to define the arch-the lawful order of value-against what he saw as the an-arch existentialist democracy, yet he himself was annoyed in his soul by the blind pride of the reactionary powers in his world. Another form of opposition saw Arnolds culture as an absur
14、d perpetuation of classical and literary learning, outlook, and privileges in a world where science had become the new arch and from which any really new order of thinking must develop. At the center of the “two cultures“ debate were the goals of the formal curriculum in the educational system, whic
15、h is always taken to be the principal vehicle through which Arnoldian culture operates. However, Arnold himself had viewed culture as enacting its life in a much more broadly conceived set of institutions. Today, however, Arnoldian culture is sustained, if indirectly, by multiculturalism, a movement
16、 aimed largely at gaining recognition for voices and visions that Arnoldian culture has implicitly suppressed. At the level of educational practice, the multiculturalists are interested in lessening the arbitrary authority that “high culture“ exercises over the curriculum while bringing into play th
17、e principle that we must learn what is representative, for we have overemphasized what is exceptional. The multiculturalists conflict with Arnoldian culture has clear similarities to the radical critique; yet multiculturalism affirms Arnold by returning us more specifically to a tension inherent in
18、the idea of culture rather than to the culture-anarchy division. The social critics, defenders of science, and multiculturalists insist that Arnolds culture is simply a device for ordering us about. Instead, it is designed to register the gathering of ideological clouds on the horizon. There is no u
19、topian motive in Arnolds celebration of perfection. The idea of perfection mattered to Arnold as the only background against which we could form a just image of our actual circumstances, just as we can conceive finer sunsets and unheard melodies. This capacity which all humans possess, Arnold made t
20、he foundation and authority of culture. （分数：1.00）(1).The text is chiefly aimed at（分数：0.20）A.arguing against the views in opposition to Arnolds ideas.B.describing Arnolds conception of culture and education.C.tracing Arnolds influence on the liberal arts education.D.interpreting Arnolds pursuit of sh
21、eer perfection of culture.(2).Arnold would most likely disagree with the statement that（分数：0.20）A.the capacity to conceive is the foundation of culture.B.culture operates in a wide array of social institutions.C.the traditional curriculum should be duly reformed.D.the anarchy culture is a type of de
22、fiance against the authority.(3). In refuting Arnolds opponents, the author employs all of the following techniques EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.disclosing the paradoxical nature of arguments against Arnolds culture.B.presenting evidence conflicting with the opponents opinions.C.asserting the opposite views to
23、be oversimplifications of the facts.D.drawing analogies between opponents claims and other false ideas.(4). We can infer from the text that the two-culture debate（分数：0.20）A.emerged as a reaction to the multiculturalist movement.B.developed after the publication of Culture and Anarchy.C.influenced Ar
24、nolds thinking about culture and society.D.was carried on by both American and European culturists.(5).Which of the following statements about multiculturalists is NOT supported by the text?（分数：0.20）A.They affirm Arnolds thesis through their opposition to his culture.B.They protest Arnolds designati
25、on of anarchy as cultures enemy.C.They seek to suppress the voices and visions of Arnolds allies.D.They oppose the pursuit of perfection in schools of higher education.Financial engineers dont wear white lab coats. They dont experiment on rats or perform gas chromatography(气相层析). Their raw material-
26、money-isnt as showy as what biologists and physicists investigate. But the innovations they produce will contribute just as much to economic growth. Maybe more, in fact, because without the science of finance, all other sciences are just a bunch of neat concepts. Ideas begin to tribute to human bett
27、erment when theyre financed-by venture capital, stock offerings, loans, or buyouts. A smoothly operating financial system showers money on good ideas. Equally important, it cuts off funding to tired ideas and tired companies, so their assets can be employed more efficiently elsewhere. In the 21st ce
28、ntury economy, innovation in finance will increase in concert with the increase in competition. Partly because of deregulation and globalization, competition should get tougher, and margins thinner. As products such as home mortgage loans become commoditized, financial- service companies will be for
29、ced to get more creative. Financial technology will keep feeding off information technology. The secret to success will be a strong software platform, which will lower the cost of general services while making it possible to create high-margin variations as well. A few companies that get it right ca
30、n spin away from the rest and become stronger and stronger. In the new world of finance, size counts. Big companies enjoy economies of scale and name recognition, and they can be safer because their bets are spread across more regions and market segments. The value of U. S. bank mergers in the first
31、 half of 1998 was greater than that of the three previous years combined. The mergers are occurring across industries as well. At the other extreme will be specialists that survive by doing one thing either very cheaply or exceptionally well. By offering lower prices or better service, specialists w
32、ill discipline the financial supermarkets; the big guys know their customers can walk away if they get a raw deal. “There is no way we are going to maximize a short-term transactional benefit at the risk of destroying a long-term relationship,“ says Chase Manhattan Corp. Vice-Chairman Joseph G. Spon
33、holz. Predictably, the biggest winners from financial innovation will be companies, and families that have complex finances. Banks already show signs of losing interest in people who want just plain checking accounts. But as incomes and wealth rise, more people will find themselves thrust into the r
34、ole of asset managers. Businesses, too, will have to become more sophisticated-if only to keep pace with financially innovative rivals. （分数：1.00）(1) In comparison with natural scientists, financial engineers（分数：0.20）A.may give even greater impetus to social development.B.can show more attention-gett
35、ing features of their work.C.are more likely to make full use of their raw material.D.will produce as many innovations to advance economy.(2).In the absence of financial support, all scientific concepts（分数：0.20）A.would remain groups of merely impractical thoughts.B.could barely benefit the improveme
36、nt of peoples life.C.should hardly lose venture capital and bank loans.D.might become tired ideas that cannot be implemented.(3).Companies or families may fail in financing if they（分数：0.20）A.defy unfair deals with customers.B.bank simply for interestC.put all their eggs in one basket.D.put all their
37、 eggs in one basket.(4). In the current century, financial companies will（分数：0.20）A.take great pains to counter any other rival business firms.B.repel deregulation and globalization of financial service.C.employ information technology to make more profits.D.nvest in IT industry to create advanced so
38、ftware.(5).The startling growth of bank mergers indicates that（分数：0.20）A.scale is of vital importance to the survival of financial systems.B.financial-service companies need to turn out creative products.C.demand for investment of capital is becoming greater and greater.D.big companies want to risk
39、their money on more than one result.Among the many other things it is, a portrait is always a record of the personal and artistic encounter that produced it. It is possible for artists to produce portraits of individuals who have not sat for them, but the portrait that finally emerges normally betra
40、ys the restrictions under which the artist has been forced to labor. Even when an artists portrait is simply a copy of someone elses work-as in the many portraits of Queen Elizabeth I that were produced during her lifetime-the never-changing features of a ruler who refused to sit for her court paint
41、ers reflect not only the supposed powers of an ever-youthful queen but the remoteness of those attempting to depict her as well. Portraits are “occasional“ not only in the sense that they are closely tied to particular events in the lives of their subjects but in the sense that there is usually an o
42、ccasion-however brief, uncomfortable, artificial, or unsatisfactory it may prove to be-in which the artist and subject directly confront each other;and thus the encounter a portrait records is most really the sitting itself. The sitting may be brief or extended, collegial or confrontational. Cartier
43、-Bresson has expressed his passion for portrait photography by characterizing it as “a duel without rules“. While Cartier-Bresson reveals himself as an interloper and opportunist, Richard Avedon confesses to a role as diagnostician and psychic healer: not as someone who necessarily transforms his su
44、bjects, but as someone who reveals their essential nature. Both photographers appear to agree on one basis, however, which is that the fundamental dynamic in this process lies squarely in the hands of the artist. A quite-different example has its roots not in confrontation or consultation but in act
45、ive collaboration between the artist and sitter. This very different kind of relationship was formulated most vividly by William Hazlitt in his essay entitled “On Sitting for Ones Picture“. To Hazlitt, the “bond of connection“ between painter and sitter is most like the relationship between two love
46、rs: “They are always thinking and talking of the same thing, in which their self love finds an equal counterpart.“ Hazlitt flashes out his thesis by recounting particular episodes from the career of Sir Joshua Reynolds. According to Hazlitt, Reynolds sitters, accompanied by their friends, were meant
47、 to enjoy an atmosphere that was both comfortable for them and conductive to the enterprise of the portrait painter, who was simultaneously their host and their contractual employee. In the case of artists like Reynolds, no fundamental difference exists between the artists studio and all those other
48、 rooms in which the sitters spin out the days of their lives. The act of entering Reynolds studio did not necessarily transform those who sat for him. Collaboration in portraiture such as Reynolds is based on the sitters comfort and security as well as on his or her desire to experiment with something new, and it is in this “creation of another self“, as Hazlitt put it, that the painters subjects
