1、考研英语 37及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases -|_|-the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant -|_|-of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancello
2、r, will introduce a -|_|-bill that will propose making payments to witnesses -|_|-and will strictly control the amount of -|_|-that can be given to a case -|_|-a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he -|_|-with a comm
3、ittee report this year which said that self regulation did not -|_|-sufficient control. -|_|-of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a -|_|-of media protest when he said the -|_|-of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges -|_|-to Parliament. The Lord C
4、hancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which -|_|-the European Convention on Human Rights legally -|_|-in Britain, laid down that everybody was -|_|-to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands -|_
5、|-our British judges,“he said. Witness payments became an -|_|-after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were -|_|-to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised -|_|-witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in
6、 court to -|_|-guilty verdicts.The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases -|_|-the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant -|_|-of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a -|_|-bill that
7、will propose making payments to witnesses -|_|-and will strictly control the amount of -|_|-that can be given to a case -|_|-a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he -|_|-with a committee report this year which said t
8、hat self regulation did not -|_|-sufficient control. -|_|-of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a -|_|-of media protest when he said the -|_|-of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges -|_|-to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the
9、Human Rights Bill, which -|_|-the European Convention on Human Rights legally -|_|-in Britain, laid down that everybody was -|_|-to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands -|_|-our British judges,“he said. Witn
10、ess payments became an -|_|-after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were -|_|-to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised -|_|-witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to -|_|-guilty verdicts.（分数：
11、1.00）A.as toB.for instanceC.in particularD.such as二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2 Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the cartoon, 2) interpret its main idea, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSW
12、ER SHEET 2. (20 points) . Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the cartoon, 2) interpret its main idea, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4
13、，分数：4.00)For three decades weve heard endlessly about the virtues of aerobic (increasing oxygen consumption) exercise. Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health, and millions of Americans have taken to the treadmill(踏车) to reap the rewards. But the story is chang
14、ing. Everyone from the American Heart Association to the surgeon generals office has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics. And as weight lifting has gone mainstream, so has the once obscure practice known as “Super Slow“ training. Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at
15、a snails pace-making each “rep“(repeat) last 14 seconds instead of the usual seven-you can safely place extraordinary demands on your muscles, and call forth an extraordinary response. Slow lifting may not be the only exercise you need, as some advocates believe, but the benefits are often dramatic.
16、 Almost anyone can handle this routine. The only requirements are complete focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn. Fox each exercise-leg press, bench press, shoulder press and so on-you set the machine to provide only moderate resistance. But as you draw out each rep, depriving yourself of imp
17、etus, the weight soon feels unbearable. Defying the impulse to stop, you keep going until you cant complete a rep. Then you sustain your vain effort for 10 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle. Intense? Uncomfortable? Totally. But once you embrace muscle failure as the goa
18、l of the workout, it can become almost pleasure. The goal is not to burn calories while youre exercising but to make your body burn them all the time. Running a few miles many make you sweat, but it expends only 100 calories per mile, and it doesnt stimulate much bone or muscle development. Strength
19、 training doesnt burn many calories, either. But when you push a muscle to failure, you set off a pour of physiological changes. As the muscle recovers over several days, it will thicken-and the new muscle tissue will demand sustenance. By the time you add three pounds of muscle, your body requires
20、an extra 9,000 calories a month just to break even. Hold your diet steady and, very quickly, you are vaporizing body fat. One might have benefited from any strength-training program. But advocates insist the slow technique is safer and more effective than traditional methods. （分数：1.00）(1).Many Ameri
21、cans have taken to treadmill for years by virtue of（分数：0.20）A.Many Americans have taken to treadmill for years by virtue ofB.its greater consumption of oxygen.C.the compliment paid by authorities.D.the actual benefits from the exercise.(2).According to the author,“ Super Slow“ training（分数：0.20）A.has
22、 been misunderstood for decades.B.has been widely accepted recentlyC.has been the basis of weight lifting.D.has become the nucleus of aerobics.(3).The phrase “to break even“ ( Line 7, Par. 3 ) most probably means（分数：0.20）A.to upset physical energy balance.B.to disturb the calmness of the body.C.to g
23、ain a greater profit than a lossD.to make neither a profit nor a loss.(4).In practicing slow lifting, one has to（分数：0.20）A.complete each rep with great demands for his muscles.B.bear the unendurable reaction caused by the training.C.suffer the bitter effect called forth by the exercise.D.exert unusu
24、al pressure on his legs and shoulders.(5). Slow weight lifters are required to make each rep（分数：0.20）A.without using any driving force.B.without movement of their bodyC.with unbearable iron weights.D.with the feeling of muscle failure.Among the many other things it is, a portrait is always a record
25、of the personal and artistic encounter that produced it. It is possible for artists to produce portraits of individuals who have not sat for them, but the portrait that finally emerges normally betrays the restrictions under which the artist has been forced to labor. Even when an artists portrait is
26、 simply a copy of someone elses work-as in the many portraits of Queen Elizabeth I that were produced during her lifetime-the never-changing features of a ruler who refused to sit for her court painters reflect not only the supposed powers of an ever-youthful queen but the remoteness of those attemp
27、ting to depict her as well. Portraits are “occasional“ not only in the sense that they are closely tied to particular events in the lives of their subjects but in the sense that there is usually an occasion-however brief, uncomfortable, artificial, or unsatisfactory it may prove to be-in which the a
28、rtist and subject directly confront each other;and thus the encounter a portrait records is most really the sitting itself. The sitting may be brief or extended, collegial or confrontational. Cartier-Bresson has expressed his passion for portrait photography by characterizing it as “a duel without r
29、ules“. While Cartier-Bresson reveals himself as an interloper and opportunist, Richard Avedon confesses to a role as diagnostician and psychic healer: not as someone who necessarily transforms his subjects, but as someone who reveals their essential nature. Both photographers appear to agree on one
30、basis, however, which is that the fundamental dynamic in this process lies squarely in the hands of the artist. A quite-different example has its roots not in confrontation or consultation but in active collaboration between the artist and sitter. This very different kind of relationship was formula
31、ted most vividly by William Hazlitt in his essay entitled “On Sitting for Ones Picture“. To Hazlitt, the “bond of connection“ between painter and sitter is most like the relationship between two lovers: “They are always thinking and talking of the same thing, in which their self love finds an equal
32、counterpart.“ Hazlitt flashes out his thesis by recounting particular episodes from the career of Sir Joshua Reynolds. According to Hazlitt, Reynolds sitters, accompanied by their friends, were meant to enjoy an atmosphere that was both comfortable for them and conductive to the enterprise of the po
33、rtrait painter, who was simultaneously their host and their contractual employee. In the case of artists like Reynolds, no fundamental difference exists between the artists studio and all those other rooms in which the sitters spin out the days of their lives. The act of entering Reynolds studio did
34、 not necessarily transform those who sat for him. Collaboration in portraiture such as Reynolds is based on the sitters comfort and security as well as on his or her desire to experiment with something new, and it is in this “creation of another self“, as Hazlitt put it, that the painters subjects m
35、ay properly see themselves for the first time. （分数：1.00）(1). In referring to Queen Elizabeth I as “ever-youthful“, the author implies that（分数：0.20）A.she instructed court painters to portray her younger than she actually was.B.all her portraits available for copying were painted when she was young.C.
36、she intended her portrait to be painted young to reflect her ruling powers.D.artists purposely made her portraits appear younger than her actual age.(2).The author quotes Cartier-Bresson in order to（分数：0.20）A.refute Avedons conception about a portrait sitting.B.provide one perspective of the portrai
37、ture encounter.C.exemplify time restriction of the sitting for portraiture.D.support the thesis on the uncertainty of a collegial sitting(3).It would be most consistent with the text to infer that Reynolds（分数：0.20）A.may have provided a transforming experience for some sitters.B.must have worked prim
38、arily with experienced portrait subjects.C.might have frequently painted portraits at his subjects homes.D.could have been alone with his sitters while portraying them.(4).Which of the following best characterizes the portraiture experience as viewed by Avedon?（分数：0.20）A.A collaboration.B.A mutual a
39、ccommodation.C.A consultation.D.A comfortable encounter.(5).A portrait artist operating under the Reynolds example would probably disagree that（分数：0.20）A.a portrait sitting often changes the way the sitter views himself/herself.B.portraiture helps both artist and subject to display their vanity.C.a
40、portrait sitting may frequently heighten the sitters self-knowledge.D.portraiture depends more on the subjects initiative than on the artists.Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. Ther
41、e is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a mans work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an objec
42、t, to see its various sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself. More ambiguous than other scientific
43、inventions familiar to modern artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism (超现实主义). The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed
44、 that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions m
45、ore than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional messages of Expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole c
46、ontinuity of logical thought. There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Pai
47、nters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary: it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect. In ad
