1、考研英语 29 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)At every stage of development, clothes can help establish a persons identity for himself and for those with whom he interacts. The childhood game of “dressing up“ in parents 1 provides the opportunity for the child to 2 the roles he
2、will be 3 to play in adult life. The degree 4 which a person chooses clothes that 5 the roles will affect his performance in those roles. Clothes are an important factor in developing 6 of self-confidence and self-respect, 7 when you look good, you feel good. For most people, clothes are often a sou
3、rce of 8 reaction from others, since in our culture we are more 9 to compliment a person on his 10 than on other 11 of the “self“ Most Americans also 12 that a proper appearance and proper dress are the keys 13 association with the right crowd, which 14 opens the doors to job advancement, increased
4、income, and greater prestige. Our clothing needs are 15 by a multitude of circumstances, because buying motives are 16 simple. The first step in the decision-making process is to make a 17 ordering of the things that are important to us. If a person recognizes and 18 the priorities of his values e.
5、g. , that his status and prestige may be more important than his physical comforthis 19 of clothing is not only simplified, but more likely to 20 him greater satisfaction. （分数：1.00）(1).At every stage of development, clothes can help establish a persons identity for himself and for those with whom he
6、 interacts. The childhood game of “dressing up“ in parents 1 provides the opportunity for the child to 2 the roles he will be 3 to play in adult life. The degree 4 which a person chooses clothes that 5 the roles will affect his performance in those roles. Clothes are an important factor in developin
7、g 6 of self-confidence and self-respect, 7 when you look good, you feel good. For most people, clothes are often a source of 8 reaction from others, since in our culture we are more 9 to compliment a person on his 10 than on other 11 of the “self“ Most Americans also 12 that a proper appearance and
8、proper dress are the keys 13 association with the right crowd, which 14 opens the doors to job advancement, increased income, and greater prestige. Our clothing needs are 15 by a multitude of circumstances, because buying motives are 16 simple. The first step in the decision-making process is to mak
9、e a 17 ordering of the things that are important to us. If a person recognizes and 18 the priorities of his values e. g. , that his status and prestige may be more important than his physical comforthis 19 of clothing is not only simplified, but more likely to 20 him greater satisfaction. （分数：0.05）A
10、.skirtsB.fashionsC.patternsD.clothesA.practiceB.attemptC.performD.rehearseA.meetB.hitC.fitD.playA.feelingsB.motivesC.passionsD.moodsA.thereofB.howeverC.untilD.sinceA.negativeB.positiveC.criticalD.directA.ableB.easyC.aptD.fairA.appearanceB.behaviorC.mannersD.flavorsA.thingsB.aspectsC.partsD.pointsA.c
11、onfirmB.assumeC.disputeD.recognizeA.forB.ofC.toD.inA.in turnB.in effectC.in stepD.in resultA.engagedB.compelledC.expectedD.promptedA.orientedB.influencedC.designedD.formattedA.fairlyB.ratherC.quiteD.seldomA.consciousB.ambitiousC.conspicuousD.generousA.adaptsB.ascendsC.assuresD.acceptsA.senseB.tasteC
12、.choiceD.attitudeA.createB.bringC.forgeD.pledgeA.byB.toC.inD.with二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1. 1 ) describe the drawing, 2 ) interpret its meaning, and 3 ) support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)1 ) describe the drawing, 2 ) interp
13、ret its meaning, and 3 ) support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to div
14、ide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in North America enjoy, simply because the world does not contain
15、enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on. At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue superaffluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the worlds people; yet we consume one-third of the worlds resources. As long as the r
16、esources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter. But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, “outsiders are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able
17、to think in terms of “our“ resources and “their“ resources, but only of common resources. As Americans consuming such a disproportionate share of the worlds resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of superaffluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the poi
18、nt where we must carefully examine the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumed. If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanced. But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread d
19、oesnt make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today, Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question were going to have to answer, whether were trying to persuade countries to step up their exports
20、of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the worlds resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the world. It means we find ways of cutti
21、ng back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are dimi
22、nishing life for them. （分数：1.00）(1).The writer warns Americans that（分数：0.20）A.their excessive consumption has caused world resource exhaustion.B.they are confronted with the problem of how to obtain more goods.C.their unfair share of resources should give way to proper division.D.they have to discar
23、d their cars for the growing scarcity of oil fuels.(2).According to the text, it has long been believed that（分数：0.20）A.people in poor countries fail to enjoy a higher standard of living.B.people in underdeveloped countries are deprived of better living conditions.C.most Americans know that the world
24、s resources are going scarce.D.it is impractical for all the people in the world to raise their living standards.(3) It can be concluded from the text that（分数：0.20）A.the U. S. will be isolated if it clings to pursuing superaffluence.B.the poor countries will no longer supply the U. S. with materials
25、.C.the Americans should care about the well-being of other nations.D.the U. S. is to aid the poor countries in their economic growth.(4).By “common resources“ (Par. 2), the writer means that（分数：0.20）A.the U. S. resources should be enjoyed by other countries.B.Americans are entitled to consume worldw
26、ide resources.C.its hard to separate U. S. resources from those of the world.D.the world resources should be used rationally by all nations(5). The writer gives the example of bread to show that the United States（分数：0.20）A.has been much richer than any other countries.B.has acquired more than what i
27、t has contributed.C.has been too greedy in its pursuit of superaffiuence.D.has greater power to grab wealth than other nations.A “radiative forcing“ is any change imposed on the Earth that affect the planetary energy balance. Radiative forcings include changes in greenhouse gases (such as carbon dio
28、xide and ozone), aerosols in the atmosphere, solar irradiance, and surface reflectivity. A forcing may result from either a natural or an anthropogenic cause, or from both, as in the case of atmospheric aerosol concentrations, which can be altered either by volcanic action or the burning of fossil f
29、uels. Radiative forcings are typically specified for the purpose of theoretical global climate simulations. In contrast, radiative “feedbacks“ are environmental changes resulting from climate changes and are calculated from scientific observation. Radiative feedbacks include changes in such phenomen
30、a as clouds, atmospheric water vapor, sea-ice cover, and snow cover. The interplay between forcings and feedbacks can be quite complex. For example, an increase in the concentration of atmospheric water vapor increases solar irradiance, thereby warming the atmosphere and, in turn, increasing evapora
31、tion and the concentration of atmospheric water vapor. A related example of this complex interplay also shows the uncertainty of future climatic changes associated with forcings and feedbacks. Scientists are unsure how the reduction of ozone will ultimately affect clouds and, in turn, the Earth temp
32、erature. Clouds trap outgoing, cooling radiation, thereby providing a warming influence. However, they also reflect incoming solar radiation and thus provide a cooling influence. Currents measurements indicate that the net effect of clouds is to cool the Earth. However, scientists do not know how th
33、e balance might shift in the future as cloud formation and dispersion are affected by ozone reduction. Contributing to this uncertainty is the complexity of the mechanisms at work in the process of ozone reduction. The amount of radiation reaching the earths surface and the amount of reradiated radi
34、ation that is trapped by the greenhouse effect influence the Earths temperature in opposite directions. Both mechanisms are affected by the vertical distribution of ozone. Also, the relative importance of these two competing mechanisms depends on the altitude at which ozone changes occur. In a recen
35、t NASA-sponsored aircraft study of the Antarctic ozone hole, chlorine monoxide was measured at varying altitudes. The measurements suggest that chlorine plays a greater role, and oxides of nitrogen a lesser role, than previously thought in the destruction of ozone in the lower atmosphere. The study
36、concluded that simultaneous high-resolution measurements at many different altitudes (on the scale of 0.1 kilometer in vertical extent) are necessary to diagnose the operative mechanisms. These findings have called into question conventional explanations for ozone reduction, which fail to adequately
37、 account for the new evidence. (NASA=National Aeronautics and Space Administration 国家航空航天局) （分数：1.00）(1). We learn from the text that the burning of petrol（分数：0.20）A.forms one of anthropogenic causes of radiative forcings.B.results in both radiative forcings and radiative feedbacks.C.can hardly affe
38、ct atmospheric forcings and feedbacks.D.makes up a significant type of radiative forcing.(2).According to the text ,decreased evaporation is most likely to bring about（分数：0.20）A.a growth in water vapor concentration.B.a drop in atmospheric absorption of solar radiation.C.a decrease in other radiativ
39、e forcings or feedbacks.D.an increase in atmospheric cooling effect.(3).The NASA-sponsored study of the ozone hole（分数：0.20）A.failed to demonstrate of the variablity of ozone amounts at varying heights.B.did not raise doubts about current means of measuring ozone reduction.C.neglected to underline th
40、e complexity in measuring radiative changes.D.overlooked the distinction between early theories and recent evidence.(4). The example of ozone reduction is used to show the（分数：0.20）A.complex operations of feedbacks and forcingsB.distinction between radiative feedbacks and forcings.C.difficulty in bal
41、ancing forcing-feedback interactions.D.impact of cloud formation on global climate.(5).Scientists could more accurately predict the extent and direction of greenhouse effect if they were to（分数：0.20）A.monitor radiative feedbacks over a longer period.B.focus their research on determining reradiative c
42、hanges.C.identify the types of the workings of ozone changes.D.calculate the precise altitude where ozone formations occur.If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and shoul
43、d help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secret
44、aries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown aro
45、und by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food an
46、d stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,“came the reply,“but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.“ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of
47、 you and it 11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman
48、. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manne
49、r. Often it s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up“ or a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick
