1、考研英语 250 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious -|_|-to how they can best -|_|-such changes. Growing bodies need movement and -|_|-, but
2、 not just in ways that emphasize competition. -|_|- they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the -|_|- that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are -|_|- by o
3、thers. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be -|_|- to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, -|_|- , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, -|_|- student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion
4、 clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide -|_|- opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful -|_|- dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the -|_|- of some kind of organization with a supportive adult -|_|- visible in the ba
5、ckground. In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have -|_|- attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized -|_|- participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to -|_|- else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants
6、 -|_|- . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. -|_|- , they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by -|_|- for roles that are within their -|_|- and their attention spans and by having clearly stated roles. Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, an
7、d physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious -|_|-to how they can best -|_|-such changes. Growing bodies need movement and -|_|-, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. -|_|- they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual
8、and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the -|_|- that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are -|_|- by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be -|_|- to plan activiti
9、es in which there are more winners than losers, -|_|- , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, -|_|- student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide -|_|- opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful -|_|- dyn
10、amics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the -|_|- of some kind of organization with a supportive adult -|_|- visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have -|_|- attention spans. A variety of activities
11、should be organized -|_|- participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to -|_|- else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants -|_|- . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. -|_|- , they can help students acquire a sense of commitme
12、nt by -|_|- for roles that are within their -|_|- and their attention spans and by having clearly stated roles. （分数：1.00）A.thoughtB.ideaC.opinionD.advice二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. 1) Describe the pictures. 2) Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures. 3) Suggest counter-measures. 1) D
13、escribe the pictures. 2) Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures. 3) Suggest counter-measures.* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Tight-lipped elders used to say,“ Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.“ Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know wh
14、at you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list
15、, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to
16、offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely he
17、lpful in personal interviews. While talking to you ,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications, will pay him to employ you and your“ wares“ and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. When you have carefully
18、 prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own ju
19、dgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now. （分数：1.00）(1). What do the elders mean when they say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get. “?（分数：0.25）A.Youll certainly get what you want.B.Its no
20、 use dreaming.C.You should be dissatisfied with what you have.D.Its essential to set a goal for yourself.(2). A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as_.（分数：0.25）A.an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB.an indication of how to secure a good job
21、C.a guideline for job descriptionD.a principle for job evaluation(3). According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because _.（分数：0.25）A.that is the first step to please the employerB.that is the requirement of the employerC.it enables him to know when
22、to sell his servicesD.it forces him to become clearly aware of himself(4).When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something_.（分数：0.25）A.definite to offerB.imaginary to provideC.practical to supplyD.desirable to presentDo you remember all those years when
23、scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain ? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that n
24、onsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White Ho
25、use, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report: “Science nev
26、er has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.“ Just as on smoking, voices
27、now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent
28、 people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it s obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more researcha classic case of “par
29、alysis by analysis.“ To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill
30、by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial
31、that those new plants be environmentally sound. （分数：1.00）(1).An argument made by supporters of smoking was that（分数：0.20）A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.B.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.C.people had the freed
32、om to choose their own way of life.D.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.(2).According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as（分数：0.20）A.a protector.B.a judge.C.a critic.D.a guide(3).What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis“( Last line, Paragraph 4)?（分数：0.20）A.Endless studies
33、kill action.B.Careful investigation reveals truth.C.Prudent planning hinders progress.D.Extensive research helps decision - making.(4).According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?（分数：0.20）A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B.Raise public awareness of conser
34、vation.C.Press for further scientific research.D.Take some legislative measures.(5).The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because（分数：0.20）A.they both suffered from the governments negligence.B.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.C.the outcome of the
35、latter aggravates the former.D.both of them have turned from bad to worse.Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileos 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic
36、worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century. Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antis
37、cience“ in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meet
38、ings such as“ The Flight from Science and Reason,“ held in New York City in 1995,and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information, “which assembled last June near Buffalo. Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosopher
39、s and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups
40、 as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return
41、to a pretechnological Utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Des
42、igns use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)（分数：20.00）_五、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies that currently fashionable subjects come directly from the so
43、ciology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?“ and “How did it happen?“ have given way to the question “Why did it happen?“ 46) Prominent among the
44、 methods used to answer the question “Why“ is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evide
45、nce for them. But this practical use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment prevents a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. 47) Psychohistory derives its “fact
46、s“ not from history, the detailed records of events and their sequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends ( goes beyond) history. It denies the basic cr
47、iterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic belief of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. 48) Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of thei
