1、考研英语 208及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)There is a general expectation that teachers can spot talented children and do something for them. But studies have 1 that teachers do not always 2 gifted children, even those 3 academic talent. In fact, they 4 to identify from 10 to
2、 50 percent of their gifted students. The first 5 in identifying gifted students is determining the 6 for finding them. If we want to 7 a group of students for an 8 mathematics class, our approach would be different than 9 we are looking for students with high talent 10 a creative-writing program. S
3、pecific program needs and requirements, then, 11 the identification process. Subjective evaluation-teacher 12 , parent referral-should be 13 by standardized tests and other 14 measures of ability. Any 15 for identifying gifted children in a school system should 16 both subjective and objective metho
4、ds of 17 Classroom behavior, for example, can point 18 childrens ability to organize and use materials and reveal their potential for processing information better than 19 a test situation. Many aspects of creativity and verbal fluency are also best 20 in a classroom or informal setting. （分数：1.00）(1
5、). There is a general expectation that teachers can spot talented children and do something for them. But studies have 1 that teachers do not always 2 gifted children, even those 3 academic talent. In fact, they 4 to identify from 10 to 50 percent of their gifted students. The first 5 in identifying
6、 gifted students is determining the 6 for finding them. If we want to 7 a group of students for an 8 mathematics class, our approach would be different than 9 we are looking for students with high talent 10 a creative-writing program. Specific program needs and requirements, then, 11 the identificat
7、ion process. Subjective evaluation-teacher 12 , parent referral-should be 13 by standardized tests and other 14 measures of ability. Any 15 for identifying gifted children in a school system should 16 both subjective and objective methods of 17 Classroom behavior, for example, can point 18 childrens
8、 ability to organize and use materials and reveal their potential for processing information better than 19 a test situation. Many aspects of creativity and verbal fluency are also best 20 in a classroom or informal setting. （分数：0.05）A.expressedB.shownC.approvedD.confirmedA.preferB.admitC.recognizeD
9、.encounterA.methodB.stepC.phaseD.aimA.approachB.processC.reasonD.procedureA.signifyB.chooseC.specifyD.organizeA.enforcedB.innovatedC.extendedD.advancedA.ifB.asC.thatD.whenA.toB.forC.inD.onA.shapeB.completeC.modifyD.regulateA.argumentB.decisionC.judgementD.motivationA.classifiedB.determinedC.improved
10、D.checkedA.subjectiveB.objectiveC.persuasiveD.effectiveA.forB.ofC.withoutD.withA.programB.classC.planD.projectA.constituteB.sustainC.includeD.embodyA.revelationB.examinationC.evaluationD.recognitionA.toB.upC.atD.outA.canB.doesC.doD.willA.qualifiedB.trainedC.highlightedD.observedA.failB.tendC.tryD.re
11、fuse二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Write an essay of 160 - 200 wo
12、rds based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Its a rough world out there. Step outside and you could
13、 break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding m
14、ore companies liable for their customers misfortunes. Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might-surprise! - fall off. T
15、he label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly.“ While warnings are often appropriate and necessary-the dangers of drug interactions, for example-and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and
16、 sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court. Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning
17、 label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. “Were really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets arent designed to
18、 prevent those kinds of injuries,“ says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute-a group of judge, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight-issued new guidel
19、ines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,“ says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate e
20、nd of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. （分数：1.00）(1).What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?（分数：0.25）A.Customers might be relieved of their disasters thro
21、ugh lawsuits.B.Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.C.Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.D.Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.(2).Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to_.（分数：0.25）A.satisfy customers by w
22、riting long warnings on productsB.become honest in describing the inadequacies of their productsC.make the best use of labels to avoid legal liabilityD.feel obliged to view customers safety as their first concern(3).The ease of Schutt helmet demonstrated that_.（分数：0.25）A.some injury claims were no l
23、onger supported by lawB.helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC.product labels would eventually be discardedD.some sports games might lose popularity with athletes(4).The authors attitude towards the issue seems to be_.（分数：0.25）A.biasedB.indifferentC.puzzlingD.objectiveA report consistently b
24、rought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians ,and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small- minded officials, rude waiters,
25、and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of
26、 the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone travelling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had
27、 nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. An
28、d someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tour
29、ist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. “Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted
30、 neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language do
31、es not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to“ translate“ cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend“, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it ha
32、s in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. （分数：1.00）(1). In the eyes of visit
33、ors from the outside world, _.（分数：0.25）A.rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB.small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC.Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD.most Americans are ready to offer help(2).It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：0.25）A.culture e
34、xercises an influence over social interrelationshipB.courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC.various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD.social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions(3). Families in frontier settlements used to ente
35、rtain strangers_.（分数：0.25）A.to improve their hard lifeB.in view of their long-distance travelC.to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD.out of a charitable impulse(4).The tradition of hospitality to strangers_.（分数：0.25）A.tends to be superficial and artificialB.is generally well kept up in the Uni
36、ted StatesC.is always understood properlyD.has something to do with the busy tourist trailsWhen I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted m
37、e to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family“. Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting“ has t
38、urned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all“, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered, as
39、perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of she after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life“, and making the alternative move into “downshifting“ brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Noth
40、ing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time“. In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materia
41、listic lifestyle is a well- established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity“-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; ther
42、e are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-90s equivalent of dropping out. While in America the tre
43、nd started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. F
44、or the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in th mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations. （分数：1.00）(1).Which of the foll
45、owing is true according to paragraph 1 ?（分数：0.25）A.Full-time employment is a new international trend.B.The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.C.“A lateral move“ means stepping out of full-time employment.D.The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.(2).The w
46、riter s experiment shows that downshifting_.（分数：0.25）A.enables her to realize her dreamB.helps her mold a new philosophy of lifeC.prompts her to abandon her high social statusD.leads her to accept the doctrine or She magazine(3).“Juggling ones life“ probably means living a life characterized by_.（分数
47、：0.25）A.non-materialistic lifestyleB.a bit of everythingC.extreme stressD.anti-consumerism(4).According to the passage,downshifting emerged in the U. S. as a result of_.（分数：0.25）A.the quick pace of modem lifeB.man s adventurous spiritC.man search for mythical experiencesD.the economic situationOf al
48、l the components of a good night s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and
49、fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise“the random byproducts of the neural - repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off - line.“ And one leading authority says that
