1、考研英语 193及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. -|_|- kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is -|_|- to serve some restora
2、tive function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more -|_|- . The new experiments, such as those -|_|- for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations -|_|-of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known
3、that total sleep -|_|-is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, -|_|-examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now -|_|- the mystery of why the animals die. The rats -|_|- bacterial infections of the blood, -|_|- their immune systems the self-protecting mechanism
4、against diseaseshad crashed. Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. -|_|- kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is -|_|- to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpos
5、e of non-REM sleep is even more -|_|- . The new experiments, such as those -|_|- for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations -|_|-of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known that total sleep -|_|-is 100 percent f
6、atal to rats, yet, -|_|-examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now -|_|- the mystery of why the animals die. The rats -|_|- bacterial infections of the blood, -|_|- their immune systems the self-protecting mechanism against diseaseshad crashed. （分数：1.00）
7、A.EitherB.NeitherC.EachD.Any二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.Directions: study the following map graph carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe oil fields distribution, 2) state the information the map graph tends to convey, and 3) give your comment. You should write about 16020
8、0 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) GHANGING NATIONAL FORTUNES IN OIL DISCOVERIESDirections: study the following map graph carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe oil fields distribution, 2) state the information the map graph tends to convey, and 3) give your comment.
9、 You should write about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) GHANGING NATIONAL FORTUNES IN OIL DISCOVERIES* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as th
10、e Web proved to be more than fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product theyre looking for. Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of
11、 doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,“ says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given acces
12、s to the companys private internet. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull“ customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have deve
13、loped tools that allow companies to “push“ information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitor
14、s. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a companys Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technolo
15、gy has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. Thats a prospect
16、 that horrifies Net purists. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hos
17、pitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge. （分数：1.00）(1).We le
18、arn from the beginning of the passage that Web business_.（分数：0.25）A.has been striving to expand its marketB.intended to follow a fanciful fashionC.tried but in vain to control the marketD.has been booming for one year or so(2).Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author imp
19、lies that_.（分数：0.25）A.the technology is popular with many Web usersB.businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactionsC.there is a radical change in strategyD.it is accessible limitedly to established partners(3).In the view of Net purists _.（分数：0.25）A.there should be no marketing mess
20、ages in online cultureB.money making should be given priority to on the WebC.the Web should be able to function as the television setD.there should be no online commercial information without requests(4).We learn from the last paragraph that_.（分数：0.25）A.pushing information on the Web is essential to
21、 Internet commerceB.interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customersC.leading companies began to take the online plunge decades agoD.setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing powerA great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digita
22、l divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There a
23、re reasons to be optimistic. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more
24、 governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very g
25、ood news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that weve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some
26、 impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) i
27、n the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why America s Second Wave infrastructureincluding roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the
28、 French were investing in Britain s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third
29、 Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you re going to be. That doesn t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastr
30、uctures needed to take full advantage of the Internet. （分数：1.00）(1).Digital divide is something_.（分数：0.25）A.getting worse because of the InternetB.the rich countries are responsible forC.the world must guard againstD.considered positive today(2).Governments attach importance to the Internet because
31、it_.（分数：0.25）A.offers economic potentialsB.can bring foreign fundsC.can soon wipe out world povertyD.connects people all over the world(3). The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_.（分数：0.25）A.providing financial support overseasB.preventing foreign capital s contr
32、olC.building industrial infrastructureD.accepting foreign investment(4). It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on_,（分数：0.25）A.how well-developed it is electronicallyB.whether it is prejudiced against immigrantsC.whether it adopts Americas industrial patternD.how much control it has over
33、foreign corporationsIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy
34、 with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized b
35、osses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyo
36、ne is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,“ca
37、me the reply,“but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.“ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it 11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the c
38、hairman s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
39、If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a rais
40、ed eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up“ or a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatements.
41、 Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. （分数：1.00）(1).To make your humor work, you should（分数：0.20）A.take advantage of different kinds of audience.B.make fun of the disorganized people.C.address different problems to different people.D.s
42、how sympathy for your listeners.(2).The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are（分数：0.20）A.impolite to new arrivals.B.very conscious of their godlike role.C.entitled to some privileges.D.very busy even during lunch hours.(3).It can be inferred from the text that public servic
43、es（分数：0.20）A.have benefited many people.B.are the focus of public attention.C.are an inappropriate subject for humor.D.have often been the laughing stock.(4).To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered（分数：0.20）A.in well-worded language.B.as awkwardly as possible.C.in exaggera
44、ted statements.D.as casually as possible.(5).The best title for the text may be（分数：0.20）A.Use Humor Effectively.B.Various Kinds of Humor.C.Add Humor to Speech.D.Different Humor Strategies.Its hardly news anymore that Americans are just too fat. A quick look around the mall, the beach or the crowd at
45、 any baseball game will leave no room for doubt:our individual weight problems have become a national crisis. Even so, the actual numbers are shocking. Fully two-thirds of U. S. adults are officially overweight, and about half of those have graduated to full-blown obesity. It wouldnt be such a big d
46、eal if the problem were simple aesthetic. But excess poundage takes a terrible toll on the human body. significantly increasing the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, infertility, and many forms of cancer. The total medical bill for illnesses related to obesity is $117 billion a y
47、ear-and climbing - and the Journal of the American Medical Association reported that poor diet and physical inactivity could soon overtake tobacco as the leading cause of preventable death in the U. S. Why is it happening? The obvious, almost trivial answer is that we eat too much high-calorie food
48、and dont burn it off with enough exercise. If only we could change those habits, the problem would go away. But clearly it isnt that easy. Americans pour scores of billions of dollars every year into weight-loss products and health-club memberships. Food and drug companies spend even more trying to find a magic food or drug that will melt the pounds aw
