1、考研英语 189及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school; he is under the 1 of authority. Even what he 2 to school may be decided for him. As he grows up,he sees 3 it is to be free 4 school and to
2、be able to choose his job and change it if he doesnt like it,to have money in his pocket and 5 to come and go as he wishes in the world. The boys and girls, a year or two older than he is, whom he has long observed, revisit school utterly 6 and apparently mature. Suddenly masters and mistresses seem
3、 7 out of date as his parents and the authority of school a 8 thing. At the moment the adult world may appear so much more real than the school world 9 the hunger to enter it cannot be appeased by exercises in school books, or talk of 10 examinations necessary for entry into professions or the more
4、attractive occupations. This may not be the wisest 11 but it is a necessary part of growing up, for everyone must come sooner or later to the 12 of saying“ Really, Ive had enough of being taught; I must do a proper job. “Some youths, maturing rapidly because of outside influences,come to this decisi
5、on 13 than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in 14 leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life-he accepts the 15 of the material or the process he is working with. The job must be done in accord with some rigid process he canno
6、t 16 . He sees the point of it and in doing so comes to 17 with life. Nothing done in school 18 its will in quite the same way;if it is wet games can be cancelled;if the math master is ill one can 19 with something else. But even the boy delivering papers, like the driver taking out his bus, discove
7、rs that one cannot 20 because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he himself is in a bad mood that morning.（分数：1.00）(1).The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school; he is under the 1 of authority. Even what he 2 to school may
8、be decided for him. As he grows up,he sees 3 it is to be free 4 school and to be able to choose his job and change it if he doesnt like it,to have money in his pocket and 5 to come and go as he wishes in the world. The boys and girls, a year or two older than he is, whom he has long observed, revisi
9、t school utterly 6 and apparently mature. Suddenly masters and mistresses seem 7 out of date as his parents and the authority of school a 8 thing. At the moment the adult world may appear so much more real than the school world 9 the hunger to enter it cannot be appeased by exercises in school books
10、, or talk of 10 examinations necessary for entry into professions or the more attractive occupations. This may not be the wisest 11 but it is a necessary part of growing up, for everyone must come sooner or later to the 12 of saying“ Really, Ive had enough of being taught; I must do a proper job. “S
11、ome youths, maturing rapidly because of outside influences,come to this decision 13 than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in 14 leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life-he accepts the 15 of the material or the process he is
12、 working with. The job must be done in accord with some rigid process he cannot 16 . He sees the point of it and in doing so comes to 17 with life. Nothing done in school 18 its will in quite the same way;if it is wet games can be cancelled;if the math master is ill one can 19 with something else. B
13、ut even the boy delivering papers, like the driver taking out his bus, discovers that one cannot 20 because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he himself is in a bad mood that morning.（分数：0.05）A.thumbB.fingerC.palmD.handA.carriesB.bearsC.wearsD.bringsA.freedomB.desireC.impu
14、lseD.curiosityA.transferredB.transformedC.relaxedD.relievedA.muchB.suchC.soD.asA.ambiguousB.ambitiousC.ridiculousD.conspicuousA.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereA.testifyingB.qualifyingC.justifyingD.rectifyingA.latitudesB.altitudesC.magnitudesD.attitudesA.vergeB.phaseC.pointD.senseA.betterB.soonerC.fasterD.l
15、aterA.byB.atC.forD.onA.whyB.whatC.howD.whetherA.disciplineB.restraintC.principleD.regulationA.reviseB.offendC.alterD.shiftA.dealsB.termsC.touchesD.arraysA.plungeB.impactC.imposeD.reinforceA.go overB.get onC.cut inD.come upA.put it offB.get it overC.pull it upD.make it outA.toB.forC.inD.of二、Section W
16、riting(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its meaning,and 3) state your plan to do so. You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Study the following picture carefully and
17、 write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its meaning,and 3) state your plan to do so. You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) *（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of
18、isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the worlds volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earths surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move on
19、ly slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates. That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away fr
20、om each other as new material is injected into the seafloor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been construc
21、ted in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earths interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting
22、away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years. The significa
23、nce of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layers creat
24、es a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks) : in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so h
25、ot spots may explain their mutability( inconstancy ). （分数：1.00）(1). The author believes that _.（分数：0.25）A.the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earths interiorB.the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be trueC.the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite
26、directionsD.the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart(2).That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that _.（分数：0.25）A.the two continents are still moving in opposite directionsB.they have been found to share certain geological featuresC.the Afr
27、ican plate has been stable for 30 million yearsD.over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe(3). The hot-spot theory may prove useful in explaining _.（分数：0.25）A.the structure of the African platesB.the revival of dead volcanoesC.the mobility of the continentsD.the formation of new oceans(4
28、). The passage is mainly about_.（分数：0.25）A.the features of volcanic activitiesB.the importance of the theory about drifting platesC.the significance of hot spots in geophysical studiesD.the process of the formation of volcanoesScientific tradition demands that scientific papers follow the formal pro
29、gression :method first, results second, conclusion third. The rules permit no hint that, as often happens, the method was really made up as the scientist went along, or that accidental results determined the method, or that the scientist reached certain conclusions before the results were all in, or
30、 that he started out with certain conclusions, or that he started doing a different experiment. Much scientific writing not only misrepresents the workings of science but also does a disservice to scientists themselves. By writing reports that make scientific investigations sound as unvarying and pr
31、edictable as the sunrise, scientists tend to spread the curious notion that science is infallible. That many of them are unconscious of the effect they create does not alter the image in the popular mind. We hear time and again of the superiority of the “scientific method“. In fact, the word “unscie
32、ntific“ has almost become a synonym for “untrue“. Yet the final evaluation of any set of data is an individual, subjective judgment; and all human judgment is liable to error. Thoughtful scientists realize all this; but you wouldnt gather so from reading most scientific literature. A self-important,
33、 stiff and unnatural style too often seizes the pen of the experimenter the moment he starts putting words on paper. Editors of scientific publications are not without their reasons for the current style of scientific writing. Their journals arent rich. Paper and printing are expensive. Therefore, i
34、t is helpful to condense articles as much as possible. Under pressure of tradition, the condensation process removes the human elements first. And few scientific writers rebel against the tradition. Even courageous men do not go out of their way to publicize their deviations from accepted procedures
35、. Then ,too, there is an apparent objectivity and humbleness attached to the third person, passive voice writing technique adopted in the preparation of most scientific papers. So, bit by bit, the true face of science becomes hidden behind what seems to the outsider to be a self-satisfied all-knowin
36、g mask. Is it any wonder that in the popular literature the scientist often appears as a hybrid superman-spoiled child? No small contribution to modern culture could be the simple introduction, into the earliest stage of our public-school science courses, of a natural style of writing about laborato
37、ry experiments as they really happen. This is something that could be done immediately with the opening of classes this fall. It requires no preparation except a psychological acknowledgment of the obvious fact that the present form of reporting experiments is a mental tie whose very appearance is c
38、alculated to repel the imaginative young minds science so badly needs. （分数：1.00）(1).The traditional demands on writing scientific papers（分数：0.20）A.require well worked-out methods in experiment.B.ask for elimination of any accidental outcomes.C.refuse inconformity of conclusions with results.D.confli
39、ct with actual conditions as often as not.(2).Most scientific papers turn out to be（分数：0.20）A.deterioration of the workings of science.B.degeneration of service to scientists.C.rigid formats of all scientific reports.D.belief in the full correctness of science.(3).The author strongly appeals（分数：0.20
40、）A.to brave scientists to break with accepted writing procedures.B.for immediate changes in current form of reporting experiments.C.to young scientists to use their imaginations to activate science.D.for bringing the natural scientific writing into school education.(4).The author points out that tho
41、ughtful scientists（分数：0.20）A.realize the universal truth “to err is human“.B.have confidence in the precision of their work.C.are unaware of the effect of their writings.D.tend to be seized with subjective wishes.(5).A traditional scientific writing may begin:（分数：0.20）A.“I was just fooling around on
42、e day when it occurred to me that.“B.“In view of recent evidence for.theory, it seemed advisable to.“C.“For no good reason at all I hit on a way to solve the puzzle that.“D.“No one can imagine how we were surprised at what happened.“With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers
43、 in Asia and America can now watch the Corporations news coverage ,as well as listen to it. And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport ,comedy ,drama, music, ne
44、ws and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens programmes and films for an annual licenee fee of 83 per household. It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 yearsyet the BBCs future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasti
45、ng organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC including ordinary listeners and viewersto say what was good or b
46、ad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBCs royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes. Defenders of the Corporationof whom there are manyare fond of quo
47、ting the American slogan “If it aint broke, dont fix it. “The BBC “ aint broke“ ,they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke ,meaning having no money), so why bother to change it? Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing
48、. The commercial TV channelsITV and Channel 4were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channelsfunded partly by advertising and partly by viewers
49、subscriptionswhich will bring about the biggest changes in the long term. （分数：1.00）(1).The world famous BBC now faces_.（分数：0.25）A.the problem of news coverageB.an uncertain prospectC.inquiries by the general publicD.shrinkage of audience(2). In the passage ,which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?（分数：0.25）A.Extension of its TV service
