1、考研英语 182及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility ( modesty ) of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be fe
2、lt. A book is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4 No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centuri
3、es to 7 . When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital. The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading s
4、ome 12 things are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we nee
5、d today are not necessarily to be found between 16 There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the age
6、s 20 fresh, razor-edged analytical thought. （分数：1.00）(1).There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility ( modesty ) of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be felt. A book
7、 is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4 No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centuries to 7 .
8、When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital. The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading some 12 thi
9、ngs are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we need today ar
10、e not necessarily to be found between 16 There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the ages 20 fresh
11、, razor-edged analytical thought. （分数：0.05）A.informB.promiseC.enableD.assureA.ofB.forC.toD.withA.disturbedB.disguisedC.intervenedD.interruptedA.dreadfulB.respectfulC.harmfulD.faithfulA.goB.comeC.passD.emergA.bigB.endC.lateD.lastA.suchB.muchC.mostD.thisA.symbolsB.signsC.marksD.trailsA.confiningB.dema
12、ndingC.takingD.pushingA.extraordinaryB.exceptionalC.excessiveD.extravagantA.showB.appearC.proveD.indicateA.throughB.withC.amongD.fromA.subjectB.issueC.matterD.mageA.focusB.conferringC.imposingD.installingA.pagesB.coversC.linesD.wordsA.positionB.situationC.statusD.dilemmaA.disposedB.discernedC.discha
13、rgedD.dispersedA.polishingB.regulatingC.furnishingD.forwardingA.fromB.withC.overD.forA.unreasonablyB.unprofitablyC.unwillinglyD.uncritically二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.1)Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2) Give your comments. 1)Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2)
14、Give your comments.* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom ha
15、s been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in North America enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on. At the same time, we in the United States have continued to p
16、ursue superaffluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the worlds people; yet we consume one-third of the worlds resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal ma
17、tter. But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, “outsiders are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of “our“ resources and “their“ resources, but only of common resources. As Americans consum
18、ing such a disproportionate share of the worlds resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of superaffluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of materia
19、l goods consumed. If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanced. But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesnt make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today, Americans have their loaf of bread a
20、nd are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question were going to have to answer, whether were trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish
21、 catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the worlds resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the world. It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We can
22、not expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. （分数：1.00）(1).The writer warns Americans that（分数：0.20）A.their excessive consumption has
23、 caused world resource exhaustion.B.they are confronted with the problem of how to obtain more goods.C.their unfair share of resources should give way to proper division.D.they have to discard their cars for the growing scarcity of oil fuels.(2).According to the text, it has long been believed that（
24、分数：0.20）A.people in poor countries fail to enjoy a higher standard of living.B.people in underdeveloped countries are deprived of better living conditions.C.most Americans know that the worlds resources are going scarce.D.it is impractical for all the people in the world to raise their living standa
25、rds.(3) It can be concluded from the text that（分数：0.20）A.the U. S. will be isolated if it clings to pursuing superaffluence.B.the poor countries will no longer supply the U. S. with materials.C.the Americans should care about the well-being of other nations.D.the U. S. is to aid the poor countries i
26、n their economic growth.(4).By “common resources“ (Par. 2), the writer means that（分数：0.20）A.the U. S. resources should be enjoyed by other countries.B.Americans are entitled to consume worldwide resources.C.its hard to separate U. S. resources from those of the world.D.the world resources should be
27、used rationally by all nations(5). The writer gives the example of bread to show that the United States（分数：0.20）A.has been much richer than any other countries.B.has acquired more than what it has contributed.C.has been too greedy in its pursuit of superaffiuence.D.has greater power to grab wealth t
28、han other nations.Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy
29、 babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy
30、 baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have few
31、er children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the oppo
32、rtunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today-everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring-means
33、that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,0
34、00 years-even the past 100 years-our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they“ look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly bey
35、ond his comprehension. “No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. （分数：1.00）(1).What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first par
36、agraph?（分数：0.25）A.A lack of mates.B.A fierce competition.C.A lower survival rate.D.A defective gene.(2).What does the example of India illustrate?（分数：0.25）A.Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.B.Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.C.The middle class pop
37、ulation is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.D.India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.(3).The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because_.（分数：0.25）A.life has been improved by technological advanceB.the number of female babies has been decliningC.our species has
38、reached the highest stage of evolutionD.the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing(4).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?（分数：0.25）A.Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.B.Ways of Continuing Mans Evolution.C.The Evolutionary Future of Nature.D.Human Evolutio
39、n Going Nowhere.If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy wit
40、h their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosse
41、s. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone i
42、s very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,“came t
43、he reply,“but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.“ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it 11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chair
44、man s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If y
45、ou feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised e
46、yebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up“ or a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatements. Loo
47、k at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. （分数：1.00）(1).To make your humor work, you should（分数：0.20）A.take advantage of different kinds of audience.B.make fun of the disorganized people.C.address different problems to different people.D.show
48、sympathy for your listeners.(2).The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are（分数：0.20）A.impolite to new arrivals.B.very conscious of their godlike role.C.entitled to some privileges.D.very busy even during lunch hours.(3).It can be inferred from the text that public services（分
49、数：0.20）A.have benefited many people.B.are the focus of public attention.C.are an inappropriate subject for humor.D.have often been the laughing stock.(4).To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered（分数：0.20）A.in well-worded language.B.as awkwardly as possible.C.in exaggerated statements.D.as casually as possible.(5).The best title for the text may be（分数：0.20）A.Use Humor Effectively.B.Various Kinds of Humor.C.Add Hum
