1、考研英语 159 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)At every stage of development, clothes can help establish a persons identity for himself and for those with whom he interacts. The childhood game of “dressing up“ in parents 1 provides the opportunity for the child to 2 the roles he
2、 will be 3 to play in adult life. The degree 4 which a person chooses clothes that 5 the roles will affect his performance in those roles. Clothes are an important factor in developing 6 of self-confidence and self-respect, 7 when you look good, you feel good. For most people, clothes are often a so
3、urce of 8 reaction from others, since in our culture we are more 9 to compliment a person on his 10 than on other 11 of the “self“ Most Americans also 12 that a proper appearance and proper dress are the keys 13 association with the right crowd, which 14 opens the doors to job advancement, increased
4、 income, and greater prestige. Our clothing needs are 15 by a multitude of circumstances, because buying motives are 16 simple. The first step in the decision-making process is to make a 17 ordering of the things that are important to us. If a person recognizes and 18 the priorities of his values e.
5、 g. , that his status and prestige may be more important than his physical comforthis 19 of clothing is not only simplified, but more likely to 20 him greater satisfaction. （分数：1.00）(1).At every stage of development, clothes can help establish a persons identity for himself and for those with whom h
6、e interacts. The childhood game of “dressing up“ in parents 1 provides the opportunity for the child to 2 the roles he will be 3 to play in adult life. The degree 4 which a person chooses clothes that 5 the roles will affect his performance in those roles. Clothes are an important factor in developi
7、ng 6 of self-confidence and self-respect, 7 when you look good, you feel good. For most people, clothes are often a source of 8 reaction from others, since in our culture we are more 9 to compliment a person on his 10 than on other 11 of the “self“ Most Americans also 12 that a proper appearance and
8、 proper dress are the keys 13 association with the right crowd, which 14 opens the doors to job advancement, increased income, and greater prestige. Our clothing needs are 15 by a multitude of circumstances, because buying motives are 16 simple. The first step in the decision-making process is to ma
9、ke a 17 ordering of the things that are important to us. If a person recognizes and 18 the priorities of his values e. g. , that his status and prestige may be more important than his physical comforthis 19 of clothing is not only simplified, but more likely to 20 him greater satisfaction. （分数：0.05）
10、A.skirtsB.fashionsC.patternsD.clothesA.practiceB.attemptC.performD.rehearseA.meetB.hitC.fitD.playA.feelingsB.motivesC.passionsD.moodsA.thereofB.howeverC.untilD.sinceA.negativeB.positiveC.criticalD.directA.ableB.easyC.aptD.fairA.appearanceB.behaviorC.mannersD.flavorsA.thingsB.aspectsC.partsD.pointsA.
11、confirmB.assumeC.disputeD.recognizeA.forB.ofC.toD.inA.in turnB.in effectC.in stepD.in resultA.engagedB.compelledC.expectedD.promptedA.orientedB.influencedC.designedD.formattedA.fairlyB.ratherC.quiteD.seldomA.consciousB.ambitiousC.conspicuousD.generousA.adaptsB.ascendsC.assuresD.acceptsA.senseB.taste
12、C.choiceD.attitudeA.createB.bringC.forgeD.pledgeA.byB.toC.inD.with二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Directions: study the following map graph carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe oil fields distribution, 2) state the information the map graph tends to convey, and 3) give your
13、 comment. You should write about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) GHANGING NATIONAL FORTUNES IN OIL DISCOVERIESDirections: study the following map graph carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe oil fields distribution, 2) state the information the map graph tend
14、s to convey, and 3) give your comment. You should write about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) GHANGING NATIONAL FORTUNES IN OIL DISCOVERIES* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Throughout history, gold has been a precious material, eagerly sought and cherished. It was probab
15、ly the first metal to be mined because it is beautiful and imperishable (which will always exist or cannot wear out), and because beautiful objects can be made from it-even with primitive tools. The amount of gold known to ancient peoples probably totaled not much more than the amount produced each
16、year by the worlds largest gold mine located in the Witwatersrand district of South Africa. Stores of gold discovered by archaeologists in Greece, Scythia, and Egypt, as well as the gold from Indian treasuries in Mexico and Peru, represented years of patient collection of small quantities from strea
17、ms and veins (矿脉) , often by slave labor. The essential value of gold has always been known, even before gold was used in coinage. It remains the only universally recognized standard of value in international monetary exchange. Most of the worlds refined gold is absorbed by governments and central b
18、anks to provide backing for paper currency. But the amount of gold used in arts and in industry is increasing. In addition to its use for jewelry, decorative finishes, and dentistry, its special properties have led to many applications in modern science and technology. Surface coatings of gold prote
19、ct earth satellites from heat and corrosion, and certain electrical components and circuits of spacecraft are made of gold when extreme reliability is required. Gold was first produced in the United States from the southern Appalachian region, beginning about 1792. These deposits, though rich, were
20、relatively small and were quickly depleted. The discovery of gold at Sutters Mill in California sparked the gold rush of 1849-50. Hundreds of mining camps sprang to life as new deposits were discovered. As a result, the production of gold increased rapidly. During World War I and for some years ther
21、eafter, annual production declined to about two million ounces. When the price of gold was raised in 1934 to $35 an ounce, production increased rapidly. Shortly after the start of World War, gold mines were closed and the government did not permit them to reopen until 1945. Since then the production
22、 of gold has not exceeded two million ounces a year. The largest producing gold mine in the United States is the Homestake Mine in South Dakota, which yields about 575,000 ounces of gold each year. Other mines scattered throughout various parts of the world produce even larger amounts of this highly
23、 prized and eagerly sought yellowish material. （分数：1.00）(1).With respect to gold, the author favors the statement that（分数：0.20）A.its beauty and imperishability made it the first metal discovered.B.rich deposits of it were found by archaeologists in ancient Greece and Egypt.C.primitive people must ha
24、ve made fine ornaments from the precious metal.D.Indian treasuries in Mexico were collected by slaves from brooks and veins.(2).According to the text, which of the following is true?（分数：0.20）A.Surface coatings of gold protect earth satellites from radiation.B.Most of the worlds refined gold is used
25、for currency backing.C.The worlds largest gold mine is located in South Dakota.D.The mining of gold can be traced back to the feudal age.(3).It can be inferred from the text that（分数：0.20）A.gold supplies are judged to be shrinking gradually.B.dentistry demands more gold now than ever before.C.the yie
26、ld of gold has been increasing since mid-1950s.D.gold has been highly valued as a strategic material.(4). The author suggests that（分数：0.20）A.the U.S. is the largest producer of gold in the world.B.ancient peoples collected gold in considerable amounts.C.gold was first mined in the U.S. in the mid-17
27、00s.D.governments keep the production of gold under control.(5). To develop his ideas, the author uses（分数：0.20）A.arguments and proofs.B.personal opinions.C.convincing examples.D.factual descriptions.Personality is to a large extent inherentA-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the
28、 environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too man
29、y schools adopt the “win at all costs“ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type
30、fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!“ By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that
31、allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world n
32、eeds types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring profes
33、sions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged. （分数：1.00）(1).According to the passage, A-type
34、 individuals are usually_.（分数：0.25）A.impatientB.considerateC.aggressiveD.agreeable(2).The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because_.（分数：0.25）A.the pressure is too great on the studentsB.some students are bound to failC.failure rates are too highD.the results of e
35、xaminations are doubtful(3). The selection of medical professionals are currently based on_.（分数：0.25）A.candidates sensitivityB.academic achievementsC.competitive spiritD.surer values(4).From the passage we can draw the conclusion that_.（分数：0.25）A.the personality of a child is well established at bir
36、thB.family influence dominates the shaping of ones characteristicsC.the development of ones personality is due to multiple factorsD.B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive societyIt was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 ho
37、urs of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably iii patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was p
38、icked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess:“ We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.“
39、 The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-w-life groups and the Australian Medical Associ
40、ation, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the fide is unlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euth
41、anasia. In the US and Canada ,where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request deathprobably by a deadly injection or pillto put an end to suffering. The patient must be
42、diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off“ period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means
43、he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at thei
44、r masks,“ he says. （分数：1.00）(1). From the second paragraph we learn that_.（分数：0.25）A.the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB.physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC.changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the lawD.it takes time t
45、o realize the significance of the laws passage(2).When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means_.（分数：0.25）A.observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB.similar bills are likely to be passed in the US ,Canada and other c
46、ountriesC.observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD.the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop(3).When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will_.（分数：0.25）A.face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB.experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC
47、.have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD.undergo a cooling off period of seven days(4). The authors attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of_.（分数：0.25）A.oppositionB.suspicionC.approvalD.indifferenceWe sometimes hear that essays are an old-fashioned form. that so-and-so is the “last essayi
48、st“, but the facts of the marketplace argue quite otherwise. Essays of nearly any kind are so much easier than short stories for a writer to sell, so many more see print, its strange that though two fine anthologies (collections)remain that publish the years best stories, no comparable collection ex
49、ists for essays. Such changes in the reading publics taste arent always to the good, needless to say. The art of telling stories predated even cave painting, surely; and if we ever find ourselves living in caves again, it (with painting and drumming)will be the only art left, after movies, novels, photography, essay
