1、考研英语 134及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies -|_|- low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them -|_|- and active. When the work is well done, a -|_|- of accident-fr
2、ee operations is established -|_|- time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may -|_|- greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by -|_|- roles or s. -|_|- others d
3、epend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety -|_|- . The fewer the injury -|_|- , the be
4、tter the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at -|_|- or at a loss. Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies -|_|- low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them -|_|- and active. When the work
5、 is well done, a -|_|- of accident-free operations is established -|_|- time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may -|_|- greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practice
6、s by -|_|- roles or s. -|_|- others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety -|_|-
7、. The fewer the injury -|_|- , the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at -|_|- or at a loss. （分数：1.00）A.atB.inC.onD.with二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the pictu
8、re, 2) interpret its implications in life, and 3) support your view with examples. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its implications in life, a
9、nd 3) support your view with examples. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) *（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for compu
10、ters in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction-indeed, contradiction-which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a ce
11、rtain kind of job is a technical education. Justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyones job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather,we have a certain conception of
12、the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case, before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accept
13、ed that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwis
14、e cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement. There are some good arguments for a technical education given the
15、 fight kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so man
16、y businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. But, for a small group of students, professional
17、 training might be the way to go since well- developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course,the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If o
18、ne wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, and entirely different story. Basic computer skills take-at the very longest-a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skillsthat are necessary to becoming any kind of profes
19、sional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose. （分数：1.00）(1).The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is_.（分数：0.25）A.far-reachingB.dubiously orientedC.serf-contradictoryD.radically reformatory(2).The
20、belief that education is indispensable to all children _.（分数：0.25）A.is indicative of a pessimism in disguiseB.came into being along with the arrival of computersC.is deeply rooted in the minds of computer-education advocatesD.originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countries(3).It
21、could be inferred from the passage that in the authors country the European model of professional training is_.（分数：0.25）A.dependent upon the starting age of candidatesB.worth trying in various social sectionsC.of little practical valueD.attractive to every kind of professional(4).According to the au
22、thor, basic computer skills should be_.（分数：0.25）A.included as an auxiliary course in schoolB.highlighted in acquisition of professional qualificationsC.mastered through a life-long courseD.equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwiseTight-lipped elders used to say,“ Its not what you wan
23、t in this world, but what you get.“ Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine
24、 of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself
25、. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an accoun
26、t is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you ,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications, will pay him to employ you and your“ wares“ and
27、 abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries
28、as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now. （分数：1.00）(1). What do the elders mean when they say, “Its not wha
29、t you want in this world, but what you get. “?（分数：0.25）A.Youll certainly get what you want.B.Its no use dreaming.C.You should be dissatisfied with what you have.D.Its essential to set a goal for yourself.(2). A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as_.（分数：0.25）A.
30、an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB.an indication of how to secure a good jobC.a guideline for job descriptionD.a principle for job evaluation(3). According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because _.（分数：0.25）A.that is the first
31、 step to please the employerB.that is the requirement of the employerC.it enables him to know when to sell his servicesD.it forces him to become clearly aware of himself(4).When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something_.（分数：0.25）A.definite to offerB.i
32、maginary to provideC.practical to supplyD.desirable to presentA report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians ,and should best be considered Nort
33、h American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small- minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome
34、break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this trad
35、ition of hospitality. Someone travelling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you
36、 didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very
37、 strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. “Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always
38、 understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conven
39、tions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to“ translate“ cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “f
40、riend“, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value hi
41、ghly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. （分数：1.00）(1). In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _.（分数：0.25）A.rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB.small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC.Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD.most Americans are ready to o
42、ffer help(2).It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：0.25）A.culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB.courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC.various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD.social interrelationships equal the
43、complex set of cultural conventions(3). Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers_.（分数：0.25）A.to improve their hard lifeB.in view of their long-distance travelC.to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD.out of a charitable impulse(4).The tradition of hospitality to strangers_.（分
44、数：0.25）A.tends to be superficial and artificialB.is generally well kept up in the United StatesC.is always understood properlyD.has something to do with the busy tourist trailsWhen it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn t biting her nails just yet. But the 47- year-old manicurist isn t cut
45、ting, filing or polishing as many nails as she d like to, either. Most of her clients spend 12 to 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I m a good economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do witho
46、ut when they re concerned about saving some dollars.“ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspan s admission
47、 that America s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year s pace. But don t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy s
