1、考研英语 132及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. -|_|- kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is -|_|- to serve some restora
2、tive function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more -|_|- . The new experiments, such as those -|_|- for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations -|_|-of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known
3、that total sleep -|_|-is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, -|_|-examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now -|_|- the mystery of why the animals die. The rats -|_|- bacterial infections of the blood, -|_|- their immune systems the self-protecting mechanism
4、against diseaseshad crashed. Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. -|_|- kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is -|_|- to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpos
5、e of non-REM sleep is even more -|_|- . The new experiments, such as those -|_|- for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations -|_|-of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known that total sleep -|_|-is 100 percent f
6、atal to rats, yet, -|_|-examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now -|_|- the mystery of why the animals die. The rats -|_|- bacterial infections of the blood, -|_|- their immune systems the self-protecting mechanism against diseaseshad crashed. （分数：1.00）
7、A.EitherB.NeitherC.EachD.Any二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. (1) Interpret the following pictures. (2) Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons. (1) Interpret the following pictures. (2) Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.*（分数：1.00）_三、Section
8、 Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)It may seem an exaggeration to say that ambition is the linchpin of society, holding many of its different elements together, but it is not an exaggeration by much. Remove ambition and the essential elements of society seem to fly apart. Ambition, as opposed to mere fantasizin
9、g about desires, implies work and discipline to achieve goals, personal and social, of a kind society cannot survive without. Ambition is intimately connected with family, for men and women not only work partly for their families;husbands and wives are often ambitious for each other, but harbor some
10、 of their most eager ambitions for their children. Yet to have a family nowadays-with birth control readily available, and inflation a good economic argument against having children-is nearly an expression of ambition in itself. Ambition and futurity-a sense of building for tomorrow-are inescapable.
11、 Working, saving, planning-these, the daily aspects of ambition-have always been the distinguishing marks of a rising middle class. The attack against ambition is not incidentally an attack on the middle class and what it stands for. Like it or not, the middle class has done much of societys work in
12、 America;and it, the middle class, has from the beginning run on ambition. It is not difficult to imagine a world stripped of ambition. It would probably be a kinder world:without demands and disappointments. People would have time for reflection. Such work as they did would not be for themselves bu
13、t for the collectivity. Competition would never enter in. Conflict would be eliminated, tension become a thing of the past. The stress of creation would be at an end. The family would become superfluous as a social unit, with all its former power for bringing about neurosis drained away. Longevity w
14、ould be increased, for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by confused endeavor. Anxiety would be extinct. Time would stretch on and on, with ambition long departed from the human heart. We do not choose our parents, our historical epoch, the country of our birth or the immediate
15、 circumstances of our upbringing. We do not, most of us, choose to die;nor do we choose the time or conditions of our death. But within all this realm of choicelessness, we do choose how we shall live:courageously or in cowardice, honorably or dishonorably, with purpose or in drift. We decide what i
16、s important and what is trivial in life. We decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and cho
17、ose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about. （分数：1.00）(1).The author holds ambition to be（分数：0.20）A.the intuition of every social member.B.the shared link between social units.C.the vital part of the social machine.D.the essential feature of social ele
18、ments.(2).Ambition closely relates to family in that（分数：0.20）A.its members hold great expectations of each other.B.its the right place for free revelation of ambitions.C.its what people are driving and competing for.D.it serves as a shelter for concealing ambitions.(3).What distinguishes us one from
19、 another seems to be（分数：0.20）A.the keen fantasy of gaining honor and fortune.B.the determination of ones goal and way in life.C.the reflection on general indifference to ambition.D.the comprehension of the implications of ambition.(4). The middle class is attacked owing to all of the following EXCEP
20、T that（分数：0.20）A.ambition has increasingly become its domain.B.ambition has brought about its emergence.C.its contribution to society has invited jealousy.D.its pursuit of success in life marks its existence.(5).The author believes that without ambition（分数：0.20）A.our world would be stern, calm and s
21、table.B.our work motives would be unquestionable.C.our life would be much lighter and longer.D.our life would become still and tedious.To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.“ One such cause now seeks
22、 to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal
23、 rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmothe
24、rly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animalsno meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research
25、. When assured that they do, she replied,“ Then I would have to say yes. “Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers. “Such well-meaning people just don t understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public i
26、n a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother s hip replacement, a father s bypass operation, a baby s vaccinations, and even a pet s shots. To those who are unaware that
27、animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could“ adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to th
28、e editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should
29、actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry, will extinguish t
30、he precious embers of medical progress. （分数：1.00）(1).The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to（分数：0.20）A.call on scientists to take some actions.B.criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C.warn of the doom of biomedical research.D.show the triumph of the animal rights movement
31、.(2).Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is（分数：0.20）A.cruel but natural.B.inhuman and unacceptable.C.inevitable but vicious.D.pointless and wasteful.(3). The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public s（分数：0.20）A.discontent with animal research.B.ignorance
32、 about medical science.C.indifference to epidemics.D.anxiety about animal rights.(4).The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should（分数：0.20）A.communicate more with the publicB.employ hi-tech means in research.C.feel no shame for their cause.D.striv
33、e to develop new cures.(5).a well-known humanist.（分数：0.20）A.a medical practitioner.B.an enthusiast in animal rights.C.a supporter of animal research.When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hur
34、t my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family“. Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my
35、experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting“ has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all“, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy
36、 to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of she after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life“, and making the alternative move into “downshifting“ brings with it far grea
37、ter rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time“. In Ameri
38、ca, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well- established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity“-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-he
39、lp books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mi
40、d-90s equivalent of dropping out. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we h
41、ave different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in th mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recog
42、nition of your limitations. （分数：1.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1 ?（分数：0.25）A.Full-time employment is a new international trend.B.The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.C.“A lateral move“ means stepping out of full-time employment.D.The writer was o
43、nly too eager to spend more time with her family.(2).The writer s experiment shows that downshifting_.（分数：0.25）A.enables her to realize her dreamB.helps her mold a new philosophy of lifeC.prompts her to abandon her high social statusD.leads her to accept the doctrine or She magazine(3).“Juggling one
44、s life“ probably means living a life characterized by_.（分数：0.25）A.non-materialistic lifestyleB.a bit of everythingC.extreme stressD.anti-consumerism(4).According to the passage,downshifting emerged in the U. S. as a result of_.（分数：0.25）A.the quick pace of modem lifeB.man s adventurous spiritC.man se
45、arch for mythical experiencesD.the economic situationThere will be a steady trend toward vegetarianism. A given quantity of ground can provide plant food for man or it can provide plant food for animals which are later killed for meat. In converting the tissues of food into the tissues of the feeder
46、, up to 90 per cent is used for reasons other than tissue maintenance and growth. This means that one hundred pounds of plant food will support ten pounds of human tissuewhile one hundred pounds of plant food will support ten pounds of animal tissue, which will then support one pound of human tissue
47、. In other words, land devoted to plant food will support ten times as many human beings as land devoted to animal food. It is this (far more than food preferences or religious directions ) that forces overcrowded populations into vegetarianism. And it will be the direction in which the United State
48、s of 2001 will be movingnot by presidential order, but through the force of a steady rise in meat prices as compared with other kinds of food. This, in turn, will come about because our herds will decrease as the food demand causes more and more meadow to be turned to farmland, and as land producing corn and other animal food is converted to providing food directly for man. Another point is that it is not only energ
