1、考研英语 129 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases -|_|-the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant -|_|-of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancel
2、lor, will introduce a -|_|-bill that will propose making payments to witnesses -|_|-and will strictly control the amount of -|_|-that can be given to a case -|_|-a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he -|_|-with a co
3、mmittee report this year which said that self regulation did not -|_|-sufficient control. -|_|-of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a -|_|-of media protest when he said the -|_|-of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges -|_|-to Parliament. The Lord
4、 Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which -|_|-the European Convention on Human Rights legally -|_|-in Britain, laid down that everybody was -|_|-to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands -
5、|_|-our British judges,“he said. Witness payments became an -|_|-after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were -|_|-to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised -|_|-witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories
6、in court to -|_|-guilty verdicts.The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases -|_|-the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant -|_|-of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a -|_|-bill tha
7、t will propose making payments to witnesses -|_|-and will strictly control the amount of -|_|-that can be given to a case -|_|-a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he -|_|-with a committee report this year which said
8、 that self regulation did not -|_|-sufficient control. -|_|-of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a -|_|-of media protest when he said the -|_|-of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges -|_|-to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of th
9、e Human Rights Bill, which -|_|-the European Convention on Human Rights legally -|_|-in Britain, laid down that everybody was -|_|-to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands -|_|-our British judges,“he said. Wi
10、tness payments became an -|_|-after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were -|_|-to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised -|_|-witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to -|_|-guilty verdicts.（分
11、数：1.00）A.as toB.for instanceC.in particularD.such as二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.1)Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2) Give your comments. 1)Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2) Give your comments.* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)No one can be a great thi
12、nker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who, with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not
13、suffer themselves to think. Not that it is solely, or chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental quality which they are capable of. There have been, and may again
14、be, great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. While any people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox(非正统的) thinking was f
15、or a time suspended. Where there is an unspoken convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of h
16、istory so remarkable. Never when prolonged arguments avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to rouse enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of thinking beings.
17、He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unable to refute the reasons on the opposite side, and if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opi
18、nion. The rational position for him would be suspension of judgment, and unless he contents himself with that, he is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which he feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of opponents
19、from his own teachers ,presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earne
20、st, and do their very utmost for them. He must know them in their seemingly reasonable and persuasive form: he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; otherwise he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which
21、meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition, and even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know. They have never thrown themselves into the menta
22、l position of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say. （分数：1.00）(1).The fundamental criterion for a great thinker consists in his（分数：0.20）A.sound argument and judgement on prime events.B.keen insights into the major issues of his time.C.devotion to inde
23、pendent thinking and reasoning.D.remarkable intellectual faculties for seeking truth.(2). According to the author, it is always advisable to（分数：0.20）A.have opinions acceptable to either side in an argument.B.adopt the point of view one feels most inclinable to.C.get aware of with the arguments incom
24、patible with ones ownD.analyse and refute heterodox thought presented by opponents.(3). The thinking of a nation can be excited only when（分数：0.20）A.even persons are promoted to thinking beings.B.big and vital issues are freely and widely discussed.C.great thinkers have emerged from the ordinary inte
25、llects.D.people become enthusiastic about thinking independently.(4).The author is of the opinion that in a great period we may expect to find（分数：0.20）A.acceptance of ultimate truths.B.enthusiasm for prolonged arguments.C.debates about heterodox thinking.D.arguments over important principles.(5).Acc
26、ording to the text ,which of the following statements is true?（分数：0.20）A.Most eloquent arguers fail to escape one-sidedness.B.Heterodox principles will lead to fatal errors in thinking.C.Most educated debaters have overall knowledge of the subject.D.The generality of people take a neutral position i
27、n debates.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction-indeed, con
28、tradiction-which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education. Justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not
29、simply to raise everyones job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather,we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside
30、 of himself. But this was not always the case, before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we ca
31、me to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advoc
32、ates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement. There are some good arguments for a technical education given the fight kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly e
33、quipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as o
34、urs and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well- developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. O
35、f course,the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, and entirely different story. Basic computer skills take-at the very longest-a couple
36、of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skillsthat are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose. （分数：1.00）(1).The author thi
37、nks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is_.（分数：0.25）A.far-reachingB.dubiously orientedC.serf-contradictoryD.radically reformatory(2).The belief that education is indispensable to all children _.（分数：0.25）A.is indicative of a pessimism in disguiseB.came into being along with the arriva
38、l of computersC.is deeply rooted in the minds of computer-education advocatesD.originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countries(3).It could be inferred from the passage that in the authors country the European model of professional training is_.（分数：0.25）A.dependent upon the starti
39、ng age of candidatesB.worth trying in various social sectionsC.of little practical valueD.attractive to every kind of professional(4).According to the author, basic computer skills should be_.（分数：0.25）A.included as an auxiliary course in schoolB.highlighted in acquisition of professional qualificati
40、onsC.mastered through a life-long courseD.equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwiseA report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadian
41、s ,and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small- minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of t
42、he country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities
43、of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone travelling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflecte
44、d the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of h
45、ospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. “Such observations reported by visitors to the US
46、 are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cult
47、ural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to“ translate“ cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend“, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the v
