1、考研英语 128及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain -|_|- consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his f
2、amily -|_|- he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed sowing, as an insurance -|_|- the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to -|_|- old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to -|_|- the soil. He may also
3、 need money to construct irrigation -|_|- and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be -|_|- . He must either sell some of his property or -|_|- extra funds in the m of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low -|_|- of interest, but loans of this ki
4、nd are not -|_|- obtainable. If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain -|_|- consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family -|_|- he produces a surplus. He
5、must use this surplus in three ways: as seed sowing, as an insurance -|_|- the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to -|_|- old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to -|_|- the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation -|
6、_|- and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be -|_|- . He must either sell some of his property or -|_|- extra funds in the m of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low -|_|- of interest, but loans of this kind are not -|_|- obtainable.（分数：1.00）A
7、.other thanB.as well asC.instead ofD.more than二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. (1) effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife (2) possible reason for the effect (3) your suggestion for wildlife protection (1) effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife (2)
8、possible reason for the effect (3) your suggestion for wildlife protection* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Its a funny thing, happiness. People refer to it as something they want, something missing, as if it could be secured if they only knew where to find it. Lack of it is blamed on past
9、 relationships and hope for it placed on future lovers. Desire for it becomes a restless quest. Yet over and again in therapy, it is clear that a hungry pursuit for the illusive state of happiness only ends in frustration and yet more unhappiness. When I ask a man whos just turned 40 and wants to tr
10、y psychotherapy to tell me about the disappointments he mentions, he reels off a list: a love affair that lost its zest; a work project ruined by a colleague; a holiday spoiled by the weather; a plan halted by ill health. All were potential routes to happiness. And it is this endless feeling of thin
11、gs being spoilt that makes him feel let down by life and unhappy. He tells me that he had been a willful child. He was, he says, spoilt rotten by very loving parents. They had suffered much hardship in their own lives, and when hard work and good luck made them well off, they decided that he, their
12、only son, would have all they had lacked, and more. He had wanted for nothing. Yet this came with a cost. For having everything on a plate before he had even developed an appetite had robbed him of the chance to reach and struggle for something meaningful and of his very own. There had never been an
13、 empty space he had enjoyed working to fill. Little wonder he was unable to remain attached to anything or anyone after frustration set in. Working through difficulty simply hadnt ever been asked of him. While hopefully a by-product of developing emotional maturity, happiness was not, I told him, a
14、specific therapeutic aim. But therapy could offer the challenge to stay with, and so gradually understand, the meaning of his unhappiness, rather than bolting when the going got rough. The notion that we can uncover a meaning within our suffering supports the whole therapeutic venture. By working to
15、wards understanding the reasons for his disappointments, this man had the chance to begin reshaping his own life journey. This was unlikely to give him happiness as a “given constant“, but could enable him to develop something far more important. As C. G. Jung, the founder of Analytical Psychology,
16、said:“ The principal aim of psychotherapy is not to transport the patient to an impossible state of happiness, but to help him acquire steadfastness and philosophic patience in the face of suffering. Life demands for its completion and fulfillment a balance between joy and sorrow.“ （分数：1.00）(1).The
17、author argues that happiness is（分数：0.20）A.fascinating.B.fantasticC.ridiculous.D.queer.(2).It is a usual ease with happiness that（分数：0.20）A.it is generally considered securable.B.it is commonly attributed to destiny.C.it often falls short of expectation.D.it routinely seems encouraging.(3) The psycho
18、analyst affirms that psychotherapy（分数：0.20）A.represents happiness as its by-product.B.calls for full comprehension of happiness.C.stresses deep analysis of misfortunes.D.aims at complete realization of real life.(4). The patients unhappiness results primarily from his（分数：0.20）A.disappointment in lov
19、e.B.affluent circumstances.C.indifference towards work.D.inability to face frustration.(5).The phrase “remain attached to“ (Par. 4) most probably means continue to（分数：0.20）A.be fond of.B.be eager for.C.be restricted to.D.be affiliated to.Its hardly news anymore that Americans are just too fat. A qui
20、ck look around the mall, the beach or the crowd at any baseball game will leave no room for doubt:our individual weight problems have become a national crisis. Even so, the actual numbers are shocking. Fully two-thirds of U. S. adults are officially overweight, and about half of those have graduated
21、 to full-blown obesity. It wouldnt be such a big deal if the problem were simple aesthetic. But excess poundage takes a terrible toll on the human body. significantly increasing the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, infertility, and many forms of cancer. The total medical bill fo
22、r illnesses related to obesity is $117 billion a year-and climbing - and the Journal of the American Medical Association reported that poor diet and physical inactivity could soon overtake tobacco as the leading cause of preventable death in the U. S. Why is it happening? The obvious, almost trivial
23、 answer is that we eat too much high-calorie food and dont burn it off with enough exercise. If only we could change those habits, the problem would go away. But clearly it isnt that easy. Americans pour scores of billions of dollars every year into weight-loss products and health-club memberships.
24、Food and drug companies spend even more trying to find a magic food or drug that will melt the pounds away. Yet the nations collective waistline just keeps growing. Its natural to try to find something to blame - fast-food joints or food manufacturers or even ourselves for having too little willpowe
25、r. But the ultimate reason for obesity may be rooted deep within our genes. Obedient to the inevitable laws of evolution, the human race adapted over millions of years to living in a world of scarcity, where it paid to eat every good-tasting thing in sight when you could find it. Although our physio
26、logy has stayed pretty much the same for the past 50,000 years or so,we humans have utterly transformed our environment. Over the past century especially, technology has almost completely removed physical exercise from the day-to-day lives of most Americans. At the same time, it has filled supermark
27、et shelves with cheap, mass-produced, good-tasting food that is packed with calories. And finally, technology has allowed advertisers to deliver constant, virtually irresistible messages that say “Eat this now“ to everyone old enough to watch TV. This artificial environment is most pervasive in the
28、U. S. and other industrialized countries, and thats exactly where the fat crisis is most acute. （分数：1.00）(1). The author warns that overweight has（分数：0.20）A.become an obsolete source of news.B.been a common concern in the U. S.C.developed into a critical condition.D.grown into a threat to the nation
29、.(2).The text arranges obesity according to（分数：0.20）A.class.B.size.C.grade.D.rank.(3). Fat crisis seems to result chiefly from（分数：0.20）A.failure to check fast food joints.B.super-affluent living conditions.C.defects of most weight-loss drugs.D.variable eating habits of humans.(4).According to the 2n
30、d paragraph,（分数：0.20）A.obese individuals appear simply unsightly.B.losing a pound of excess weight is very costly.C.obesity bears liability for most human deaths.D.overweight has appalling effect on our health.(5).All of the following directly account for obesity EXCLUDING（分数：0.20）A.most nourishing
31、diet.B.less drain on strength.C.a lot of extra body fat.D.labor-saving technology.The Supreme Court s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right t
32、o physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,“ a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Docto
33、rs have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally iii patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who“ unti
34、l now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.“ George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical pur
35、pose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “Its like surgery,“ he says.“ We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients s
36、uicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.“ On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Courts rul
37、ing on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of“ ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishono
38、r the period of dying“ as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for asses
39、sing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care.“ Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,“ to the extent t
40、hat it constitutes“ systematic patient abuse.“ He says medical licensing boards“ must make it clear, that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.“ （分数：1.00）(1).From the first three paragraphs, we learn that（分数：0.20）A.doctors used
41、to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain.B.it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.C.the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.D.patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.(2). Which of the following statements is true accordi
42、ng to the text?（分数：0.20）A.Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death.B.Modern medicine has assisted terminally iii patients in painless recovery.C.The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.D.A doctors medication is no longer justified by his inte
43、ntions.(3).According to the NAS s report, one of the problems in end-of-tire care is（分数：0.20）A.prolonged medical procedures.B.inadequate treatment of pain.C.systematic drug abuse.D.insufficient hospital care(4).Which of the following best defines the word“ aggressive“ ( line 3, paragraph 7 ) ?（分数：0.
44、20）A.Bold.B.Harmful.C.Careless.D.Desperate.(5).George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they（分数：0.20）A.manage their patients incompetently.B.give patients more medicine than needed.C.reduce drug dosages for their patients.D.prolong the needless suffering of the patients.M
45、uch of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as“ steering the economy to a soft landing“ or“ a touch on the brakes“, makes it sound Like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable
46、lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast
47、about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is
48、also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no
