1、考研英语 123及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Historians are detectives searching out the evidence of the past in their pursuit of history. This is a challenging and frequently engaging quest 1 its own, but evidence must be turned to 2 . Primary sources that are uncovered 3 many
2、 forms that vary 4 the questions asked and the period studied, but written records are 5 historians use more than any other. The historian does not 6 evidence in the manner of courts of law, where questions of admissibility and truth versus falsehood are 7 . The historians use of evidence is much mo
3、re 8 Determining how and with what end 9 mind any piece of evidence came into existence are the first tasks 10 the historian in the internal criticism of historical sources. It is important to know, for instance, who 11 a particular census and with what instructions, or 12 a correspondent was addres
4、sing a friend or foe, colleague or opponent. For many years historians divided evidence into the two 13 of primary and secondary sources. The former were considered as any 14 or artifact from the period 15 study, the latter as descriptions or reconstructions based on primary sources. The function of
5、 the historian, it was 16 , was to convert primary sources into secondary sources. This 17 misleads. What have been called secondary sources am not historical sources at all, but 18 that reveal the historians point of view. All evidence used by the historian was a primary source at the time it was 1
6、9 and it is always partial and incomplete. Therein lies part of the 20 of history. （分数：1.00）(1).Historians are detectives searching out the evidence of the past in their pursuit of history. This is a challenging and frequently engaging quest 1 its own, but evidence must be turned to 2 . Primary sour
7、ces that are uncovered 3 many forms that vary 4 the questions asked and the period studied, but written records are 5 historians use more than any other. The historian does not 6 evidence in the manner of courts of law, where questions of admissibility and truth versus falsehood are 7 . The historia
8、ns use of evidence is much more 8 Determining how and with what end 9 mind any piece of evidence came into existence are the first tasks 10 the historian in the internal criticism of historical sources. It is important to know, for instance, who 11 a particular census and with what instructions, or
9、12 a correspondent was addressing a friend or foe, colleague or opponent. For many years historians divided evidence into the two 13 of primary and secondary sources. The former were considered as any 14 or artifact from the period 15 study, the latter as descriptions or reconstructions based on pri
10、mary sources. The function of the historian, it was 16 , was to convert primary sources into secondary sources. This 17 misleads. What have been called secondary sources am not historical sources at all, but 18 that reveal the historians point of view. All evidence used by the historian was a primar
11、y source at the time it was 19 and it is always partial and incomplete. Therein lies part of the 20 of history. （分数：0.05）A.forB.onC.byD.inA.accountB.functionC.validityD.referenceA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whoA.assessB.assignC.justifyD.testifyA.prominentB.predominantC.prevalentD.proficientA.smartB.briskC.s
12、ubtleD.accurateA.ofB.inC.atD.onA.fascinatingB.facilitatingC.frontingD.facingA.forgedB.initiatedC.collectedD.conductedA.whyB.howC.whenD.whetherA.categoriesB.catalogsC.classicsD.criteriaA.fileB.eventC.recordD.documentA.presentB.undertakeC.presumeD.assumeA.duringB.underC.uponD.beforeA.maintainedB.confi
13、rmedC.emphasizedD.adheredA.diversionB.distributionC.distortionD.distinctionA.interventionsB.interpretationsC.presentationsD.comprehensionsA.exposedB.uncoveredC.generatedD.createdA.fascinationB.contradictionC.imperfectionD.implicationA.intoB.fromC.withD.about二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1 Study th
14、e following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the cartoon, 2) interpret its main idea, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) . Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which
15、you should 1) describe the cartoon, 2) interpret its main idea, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnes
16、sed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“ Theres no question th
17、at the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welco
18、me foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and
19、 over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give
20、n up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped-with the educated themselves
21、 riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs-the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is th
22、at people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could ,lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton
23、 summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is
24、,“ Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.“ The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles ;its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fix
25、ed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of c
26、ourse, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. （分数：1.00）(1).It is generally believed that a
27、mbition may be well regarded if_.（分数：0.25）A.its returns well compensate for the sacrificesB.it is rewarded with money, fame and powerC.its goals are spiritual rather than materialD.it is shared by the rich and the famous(2).The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is_.（
28、分数：0.25）A.customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB.too late to check ambition once it has been let outC.dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD.impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition(3).Some people do not openly admit they have ambition beca
29、use _.（分数：0.25）A.they think of it as immoralB.their pursuits are not fame or wealthC.ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD.they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible(4).From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained _.（分数：0.25）A.secretl
30、y and vigorouslyB.openly and enthusiasticallyC.easily and momentarilyD.verbally and spirituallyFinancial engineers dont wear white lab coats. They dont experiment on rats or perform gas chromatography(气相层析). Their raw material-money-isnt as showy as what biologists and physicists investigate. But th
31、e innovations they produce will contribute just as much to economic growth. Maybe more, in fact, because without the science of finance, all other sciences are just a bunch of neat concepts. Ideas begin to tribute to human betterment when theyre financed-by venture capital, stock offerings, loans, o
32、r buyouts. A smoothly operating financial system showers money on good ideas. Equally important, it cuts off funding to tired ideas and tired companies, so their assets can be employed more efficiently elsewhere. In the 21st century economy, innovation in finance will increase in concert with the in
33、crease in competition. Partly because of deregulation and globalization, competition should get tougher, and margins thinner. As products such as home mortgage loans become commoditized, financial- service companies will be forced to get more creative. Financial technology will keep feeding off info
34、rmation technology. The secret to success will be a strong software platform, which will lower the cost of general services while making it possible to create high-margin variations as well. A few companies that get it right can spin away from the rest and become stronger and stronger. In the new wo
35、rld of finance, size counts. Big companies enjoy economies of scale and name recognition, and they can be safer because their bets are spread across more regions and market segments. The value of U. S. bank mergers in the first half of 1998 was greater than that of the three previous years combined.
36、 The mergers are occurring across industries as well. At the other extreme will be specialists that survive by doing one thing either very cheaply or exceptionally well. By offering lower prices or better service, specialists will discipline the financial supermarkets; the big guys know their custom
37、ers can walk away if they get a raw deal. “There is no way we are going to maximize a short-term transactional benefit at the risk of destroying a long-term relationship,“ says Chase Manhattan Corp. Vice-Chairman Joseph G. Sponholz. Predictably, the biggest winners from financial innovation will be
38、companies, and families that have complex finances. Banks already show signs of losing interest in people who want just plain checking accounts. But as incomes and wealth rise, more people will find themselves thrust into the role of asset managers. Businesses, too, will have to become more sophisti
39、cated-if only to keep pace with financially innovative rivals. （分数：1.00）(1) In comparison with natural scientists, financial engineers（分数：0.20）A.may give even greater impetus to social development.B.can show more attention-getting features of their work.C.are more likely to make full use of their ra
40、w material.D.will produce as many innovations to advance economy.(2).In the absence of financial support, all scientific concepts（分数：0.20）A.would remain groups of merely impractical thoughts.B.could barely benefit the improvement of peoples life.C.should hardly lose venture capital and bank loans.D.
41、might become tired ideas that cannot be implemented.(3).Companies or families may fail in financing if they（分数：0.20）A.defy unfair deals with customers.B.bank simply for interestC.put all their eggs in one basket.D.put all their eggs in one basket.(4). In the current century, financial companies will
42、（分数：0.20）A.take great pains to counter any other rival business firms.B.repel deregulation and globalization of financial service.C.employ information technology to make more profits.D.nvest in IT industry to create advanced software.(5).The startling growth of bank mergers indicates that（分数：0.20）A.
43、scale is of vital importance to the survival of financial systems.B.financial-service companies need to turn out creative products.C.demand for investment of capital is becoming greater and greater.D.big companies want to risk their money on more than one result.Money spent on advertising is money s
44、pent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of l
45、iving. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to b
46、e doubled and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 percent more. And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertise
47、r dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an art
48、icle consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of. There is one point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I
49、heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtlety pers
