1、考研英语 116及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Vitamins are organic compounds necessary, in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, -|_|- do they construct or build part of the body. They are n
2、eeded for -|_|- foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if -|_|- is missing a deficiency disease becomes -|_|- . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and -|_|- nitrogen. They are different -|_|- their
3、 elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin -|_|- one or more specific functions in the body. -|_|- enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for -|_|- vitamins. M people, -|_|- , believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. However,
4、 a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs. Vitamins are organic compounds necessary, in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, -|_|- do they construct or build part of the body. They are
5、 needed for -|_|- foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if -|_|- is missing a deficiency disease becomes -|_|- . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and -|_|- nitrogen. They are different -|_|- the
6、ir elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin -|_|- one or more specific functions in the body. -|_|- enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for -|_|- vitamins. M people, -|_|- , believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. Howeve
7、r, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.（分数：1.00）A.eitherB.soC.norD.never二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay which should cover 1) general situation of crime victims in U. S. 2) the most frequent victims and their im
8、plications, and 3) your comment. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Study the following graph carefully and write an essay which should cover 1) general situation of crime victims in U. S. 2) the most frequent victims and their implications, and 3) your commen
9、t. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) * （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporations news coverage ,as well as listen to it. And of course in Br
10、itain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport ,comedy ,drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens programmes and films for an annu
11、al licenee fee of 83 per household. It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 yearsyet the BBCs future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of
12、a nation-wide debate in Britain. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC including ordinary listeners and viewersto say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is tha
13、t the BBCs royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes. Defenders of the Corporationof whom there are manyare fond of quoting the American slogan “If it aint broke, dont fix it. “The BBC “ aint broke“ ,they say, by which they mean i
14、t is not broken (as distinct from the word broke ,meaning having no money), so why bother to change it? Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channelsITV and Channel 4were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act to beco
15、me more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channelsfunded partly by advertising and partly by viewers subscriptionswhich will bring about the biggest changes in the long term. （分数：1.00）(1).The world famous BBC now
16、 faces_.（分数：0.25）A.the problem of news coverageB.an uncertain prospectC.inquiries by the general publicD.shrinkage of audience(2). In the passage ,which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?（分数：0.25）A.Extension of its TV service to Far East.B.Programmes as the subject of
17、a nation-wide debate.C.Potentials for further international co-operations.D.Its existence as a broadcasting organization.(3). The BBCs “royal charter“ ( line 4, paragraph 4) stands for_.（分数：0.25）A.the financial support from the royal familyB.the privileges granted by the QueenC.a contract with the Q
18、ueenD.a unique relationship with the royal family(4).The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than_.（分数：0.25）A.the emergence of commercial TV channelsB.the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the governmentC.the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobsD.the challenge of new
19、 satellite channelsModern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a mans work. Observe how the de
20、velopment of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as cas
21、ting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself. More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,
22、discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism (超现实主义). The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and
23、moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obse
24、ssive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional messages of Expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought. There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a perio
25、d when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up ha
26、s been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary: it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to ne
27、glect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it. （分数：1.00）(1).We learn from the text that artistic creations（分数：0.20）A.can be seen as the reflection of the material world.B.seem to be incapable of escapi
28、ng material advances.C.are said to have made great strides scientifically.D.appear to be the reproductions of modern technology.(2). The inventions of new materials and welding techniques（分数：0.20）A.are responsible for most of the changes in sculpture arts.B.enable sculptors to superimpose multiple s
29、ides of their designs.C.permit details of an object to be magnified and seen clearly.D.provoke artists to make themselves adaptable to the surroundings.(3).The author concludes that（分数：0.20）A.contemporary art has been nourished by modern science.B.the impacts of modern art and science are actually m
30、utual.C.destruction or break-up have been typical of modern art.D.the arts analysis of our world seems deeper than sciences.(4). The author argues that Freuds studies（分数：0.20）A.are less comprehensible than most scientific inventions.B.are more controversial than any other scientific findings.C.have
31、imposed much interference upon contemporary arts.D.have found their expression in the Surrealisms claims.(5).The Surrealists made every endeavor（分数：0.20）A.to transform real existence into incoherent dreams.B.to diminish all time barriers and moral judgments.C.to express their disconnected subconscio
32、us thoughts.D.to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.Throughout history, gold has been a precious material, eagerly sought and cherished. It was probably the first metal to be mined because it is beautiful and imperishable (which will always exist or cannot wear out), and because bea
33、utiful objects can be made from it-even with primitive tools. The amount of gold known to ancient peoples probably totaled not much more than the amount produced each year by the worlds largest gold mine located in the Witwatersrand district of South Africa. Stores of gold discovered by archaeologis
34、ts in Greece, Scythia, and Egypt, as well as the gold from Indian treasuries in Mexico and Peru, represented years of patient collection of small quantities from streams and veins (矿脉) , often by slave labor. The essential value of gold has always been known, even before gold was used in coinage. It
35、 remains the only universally recognized standard of value in international monetary exchange. Most of the worlds refined gold is absorbed by governments and central banks to provide backing for paper currency. But the amount of gold used in arts and in industry is increasing. In addition to its use
36、 for jewelry, decorative finishes, and dentistry, its special properties have led to many applications in modern science and technology. Surface coatings of gold protect earth satellites from heat and corrosion, and certain electrical components and circuits of spacecraft are made of gold when extre
37、me reliability is required. Gold was first produced in the United States from the southern Appalachian region, beginning about 1792. These deposits, though rich, were relatively small and were quickly depleted. The discovery of gold at Sutters Mill in California sparked the gold rush of 1849-50. Hun
38、dreds of mining camps sprang to life as new deposits were discovered. As a result, the production of gold increased rapidly. During World War I and for some years thereafter, annual production declined to about two million ounces. When the price of gold was raised in 1934 to $35 an ounce, production
39、 increased rapidly. Shortly after the start of World War, gold mines were closed and the government did not permit them to reopen until 1945. Since then the production of gold has not exceeded two million ounces a year. The largest producing gold mine in the United States is the Homestake Mine in So
40、uth Dakota, which yields about 575,000 ounces of gold each year. Other mines scattered throughout various parts of the world produce even larger amounts of this highly prized and eagerly sought yellowish material. （分数：1.00）(1).With respect to gold, the author favors the statement that（分数：0.20）A.its
41、beauty and imperishability made it the first metal discovered.B.rich deposits of it were found by archaeologists in ancient Greece and Egypt.C.primitive people must have made fine ornaments from the precious metal.D.Indian treasuries in Mexico were collected by slaves from brooks and veins.(2).Accor
42、ding to the text, which of the following is true?（分数：0.20）A.Surface coatings of gold protect earth satellites from radiation.B.Most of the worlds refined gold is used for currency backing.C.The worlds largest gold mine is located in South Dakota.D.The mining of gold can be traced back to the feudal
43、age.(3).It can be inferred from the text that（分数：0.20）A.gold supplies are judged to be shrinking gradually.B.dentistry demands more gold now than ever before.C.the yield of gold has been increasing since mid-1950s.D.gold has been highly valued as a strategic material.(4). The author suggests that（分数
44、：0.20）A.the U.S. is the largest producer of gold in the world.B.ancient peoples collected gold in considerable amounts.C.gold was first mined in the U.S. in the mid-1700s.D.governments keep the production of gold under control.(5). To develop his ideas, the author uses（分数：0.20）A.arguments and proofs
45、.B.personal opinions.C.convincing examples.D.factual descriptions.Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the b
46、asis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalization of scientific activity. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science:ex
47、ceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word amateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent r
48、equirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publicati
