1、考研英语 107及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Vitamins are organic compounds necessary, in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, -|_|- do they construct or build part of the body. They are n
2、eeded for -|_|- foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if -|_|- is missing a deficiency disease becomes -|_|- . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and -|_|- nitrogen. They are different -|_|- their
3、 elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin -|_|- one or more specific functions in the body. -|_|- enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for -|_|- vitamins. M people, -|_|- , believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. However,
4、 a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs. Vitamins are organic compounds necessary, in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, -|_|- do they construct or build part of the body. They are
5、 needed for -|_|- foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if -|_|- is missing a deficiency disease becomes -|_|- . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and -|_|- nitrogen. They are different -|_|- the
6、ir elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin -|_|- one or more specific functions in the body. -|_|- enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for -|_|- vitamins. M people, -|_|- , believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. Howeve
7、r, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.（分数：1.00）A.eitherB.soC.norD.never二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to 1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the pictu
8、re below, 2)give a specific example, and 3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to 1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning
9、of the picture below, 2)give a specific example, and 3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Its a funny thing, happiness. People refer to it as something they want, something missing, as i
10、f it could be secured if they only knew where to find it. Lack of it is blamed on past relationships and hope for it placed on future lovers. Desire for it becomes a restless quest. Yet over and again in therapy, it is clear that a hungry pursuit for the illusive state of happiness only ends in frus
11、tration and yet more unhappiness. When I ask a man whos just turned 40 and wants to try psychotherapy to tell me about the disappointments he mentions, he reels off a list: a love affair that lost its zest; a work project ruined by a colleague; a holiday spoiled by the weather; a plan halted by ill
12、health. All were potential routes to happiness. And it is this endless feeling of things being spoilt that makes him feel let down by life and unhappy. He tells me that he had been a willful child. He was, he says, spoilt rotten by very loving parents. They had suffered much hardship in their own li
13、ves, and when hard work and good luck made them well off, they decided that he, their only son, would have all they had lacked, and more. He had wanted for nothing. Yet this came with a cost. For having everything on a plate before he had even developed an appetite had robbed him of the chance to re
14、ach and struggle for something meaningful and of his very own. There had never been an empty space he had enjoyed working to fill. Little wonder he was unable to remain attached to anything or anyone after frustration set in. Working through difficulty simply hadnt ever been asked of him. While hope
15、fully a by-product of developing emotional maturity, happiness was not, I told him, a specific therapeutic aim. But therapy could offer the challenge to stay with, and so gradually understand, the meaning of his unhappiness, rather than bolting when the going got rough. The notion that we can uncove
16、r a meaning within our suffering supports the whole therapeutic venture. By working towards understanding the reasons for his disappointments, this man had the chance to begin reshaping his own life journey. This was unlikely to give him happiness as a “given constant“, but could enable him to devel
17、op something far more important. As C. G. Jung, the founder of Analytical Psychology, said:“ The principal aim of psychotherapy is not to transport the patient to an impossible state of happiness, but to help him acquire steadfastness and philosophic patience in the face of suffering. Life demands f
18、or its completion and fulfillment a balance between joy and sorrow.“ （分数：1.00）(1).The author argues that happiness is（分数：0.20）A.fascinating.B.fantasticC.ridiculous.D.queer.(2).It is a usual ease with happiness that（分数：0.20）A.it is generally considered securable.B.it is commonly attributed to destiny
19、.C.it often falls short of expectation.D.it routinely seems encouraging.(3) The psychoanalyst affirms that psychotherapy（分数：0.20）A.represents happiness as its by-product.B.calls for full comprehension of happiness.C.stresses deep analysis of misfortunes.D.aims at complete realization of real life.(4
20、). The patients unhappiness results primarily from his（分数：0.20）A.disappointment in love.B.affluent circumstances.C.indifference towards work.D.inability to face frustration.(5).The phrase “remain attached to“ (Par. 4) most probably means continue to（分数：0.20）A.be fond of.B.be eager for.C.be restricte
21、d to.D.be affiliated to.Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing atten
22、tion to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times
23、as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 percent more. And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Par
24、liament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not
25、to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think o
26、f. There is one point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined
27、 merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtlety persuasive advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television person
28、ality wants. （分数：1.00）(1).By the first sentence of the passage the author means that_.（分数：0.25）A.he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertisingB.everybody knows well that advertising is money consumingC.advertising costs money like everything elseD.it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising(
29、2).In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?（分数：0.25）A.Securing greater fame.B.Providing more jobs.C.Enhancing living standards.D.Reducing newspaper cost.(3). The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.（分数：0.25）A.very precise in passing his
30、 judgement on advertisingB.interested in nothing but the buyers attentionC.correct in telling the difference between persuasion and informationD.obviously partial in his views on advertising(4). In the authors opinion,_.（分数：0.25）A.advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing inf
31、ormationB.advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overC.there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyerD.the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisementScience, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the pre
32、paredness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbi
33、tal motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didnt they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. How many m
34、en would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you dont have unpredictable thing
35、s, you dont have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it. In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method“ a
36、 substitute for imaginative thought. Ive attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said“ the data are still inconclusive.“ “We know that,“ the men from
37、the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?“ The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate. What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forw
38、ard unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly lo
39、gical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash reg
40、ister while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls“ among researchers in favor of more con
41、ventional thinkers “who work well with the team.“ （分数：1.00）(1).The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that_.（分数：0.25）A.inquiring minds are more important than scientific experimentsB.science advances when fruitful researches are conductedC.scientists seldom forget the essential n
42、ature of researchD.unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research(2).The author asserts that scientists _.（分数：0.25）A.shouldnt replace “scientific method“ with imaginative thoughtB.shouldnt neglect to speculate on unpredictable thingsC.should write more concise reports for techni
43、cal journalsD.should be confident about their research findings(3).It seems that some young scientists_.（分数：0.25）A.have a keen interest in predictionB.often speculate on the futureC.think highly of creative thinkingD.stick to “scientific method“(4).The author implies that the results of scientific r
44、esearch_.（分数：0.25）A.may not be as profitable as they are expectedB.can be measured in dollars and centsC.rely on conformity to a standard patternD.are mostly underestimated by managementWhat accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early Americabreakthroughs such as the telegraph ,the
45、steamboat and the weaving machine? Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology ;the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal,“ spatial“ thinking about thi
46、ngs technological. Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanic, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry. Acute foreign observers related Ame
47、rican adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported,“ With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline ,the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.“ A further stimulus to invention came from the “pre
48、mium“ system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives. In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fai
