1、考研英语-试卷 99 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_More and more of us are (1)_ the TV networks. That“s not news, of course; there have b
2、een countless stories on their (2)_ audience. But I didn“t realize how far out! had dropped (3)_ I glanced at the Nielsen ratings of the top 71 shows. Of those 71 programs, I had not watched (4)_ one. (5)_, I could count only five that I had ever seen in my entire life. And of those five, there isn“
3、t one I watch (6)_. Despite its popularity, I don“t like happy family shows. They“re (7)_. If I watch a family show, I prefer something lifelike, such as “Death“ of a Salesman.“ (8)_ the second-rated program, “A Different World,“ I“ve never heard of it. If I want to see a different (9)_, I“ll drive
4、to the west side of Chicago. I (10)_ watch“ Cheers,“ which is still (11)_ the top ten, but gave it up after Diana left and Sam began lusting after a career-crazed yuppie. Am I the only person in America who has never watched a segment of “Dallas“? A while ago, I recall somebody important was killed
5、on the “last (12)_ of the season and almost everybody in America was caught up in the hype. I watched wrestling that night; I“ll bet the acting was (13)_. It“s not (14)_ I“m snobbishI enjoy TV (15)_ as much as the next slob. But the (16)_ of truly trashy trash has declined. I was one of the first wr
6、iters in America to recognize the greatness of Robin Leach“s “Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous.“ So, what do I watch? I still turn to the networks, (17)_ I have learned to exploit and cheat them. For example, I like football, but seldom watch it (18)_. In stead, I (19)_ it and later play it back an
7、 my VCR, fast-forwarding through all the commercials, the announcers“ babble, the half-time drivel and even the huddles. I also watched movies, but only on some cable channels, (20)_ the networks.（分数：40.00）A.turning outB.turning intoC.turning downD.turning upA.up-showingB.growingC.impatientD.shrinki
8、ngA.byB.whenC.untilD.asA.evenB.onlyC.almostD.more thanA.HoweverB.In factC.MeanwhileD.ExactlyA.seriouslyB.constantlyC.nightlyD.regularlyA.cruelB.optimisticC.unrealD.pessimisticA.AboutB.As forC.ConsideringD.WatchingA.showB.programC.worldD.channelA.used toB.was used toC.wouldD.ought toA.onB.inC.atD.amo
9、ngA.occurrenceB.eventC.episodeD.incidentA.betterB.goodC.worseD.awfulA.thatB.whyC.the wayD.whichA.wasteB.trashC.debrisD.garbageA.qualityB.ratingsC.productionD.audienceA.andB.butC.thereforeD.becauseA.aliveB.liveC.myselfD.completelyA.watchB.go overC.tapeD.copyA.neverB.orC.norD.and二、Reading Comprehensio
10、(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Back in July 1965, the Mariner Four Space Probe transmitted the first close-up pictures of Mars and convinced many people that Mars wa
11、s as dead as our own moon. Two later space probes seemed to confirm this. But then, in 1971, Mariner Nine raise hopes once again that there could be life on the planetor at least that life might once have existed there. The range of experiments to be conducted were designed by mission scientists suc
12、h as Chuck Klein: “It was like shooting blind, so to speak, to be trying to devise experiments to look for evidence of life. And we decide to try to use an instrument which could incorporate many different assumptions about what Martian biology might be likewhat the bugs might be like or not like. B
13、ut the fundamental proposition in each portion of our experiment was to look, over a period of time, for evidence of some process going on which we could attribute to biology.“ The scientists controlled the Viking experiments from a distance of almost 100 million kilometers. Cameras took pictures of
14、 the area a round the robot landersin case anything moved into view. No aliens were spotted by the cameras, but other experiments seems to show signs of life. “Almost everything that we planned began to give us data of some kindthat is to say, it wasn“t like everything was dead. For many weeks, we w
15、ere goaded by the media, who were terribly excitedthey were constantly looking for a headline, you know. They Found Life! They Found Life! Every bit of information that we came up with was squeezed by them to try to put a positive twist on it. We really had to work very hard to maintain our cool and
16、 present the data just the way we saw it.“ But these apparent signs of life were deceptive. By repeating the experiments and double checking the results, the scientists eventually came to the conclusion that the whole planet was dead and would, in fact, be deadly to living organisms. Since 1976, the
17、re have been no further visits. A probe sent by NASA exploded before reaching the planet last year and it now doesn“t look as if there“ll be another Mars visit until the end of the decade. When we do get back there, will we find something new? And what about us? Could we ever live on Mars? This isn“
18、t as strange an idea as it sounds according to astronomer Patrick Moorer. “It“s fair to say that, from a technical point of view, we could put men on Mars within the next few decades. Whether we actually do so or not depends very much more upon politics and finance than upon sheer science, but I thi
19、nk it could be done. And I“m quite prepared to believe that by this time in the next century, there will be flourishing colonies upon Mars.“（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence “It was shooting blind, to look for evidence of life.“（分数：2.00）A.We were carrying on
20、experiments aimlessly.B.It was impossible to reach the Mars because of the distance.C.We could see nothing in the outer space.D.We didn“t believe life really existed on Mars.(2).The word “assumption“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.the adopting of a mannerB.something taken for granted:C.confidence in on
21、eselfD.scientific reasoning(3).What do the writer think about the media“s report?（分数：2.00）A.They presented the data in an objective way.B.They couldn“t always find proper headlines.C.They were always hiding the troth from the public.D.They were always stretching the information beyond the truth.(4).
22、Patrick Moorer seemed to believe that putting men on Mars within the next few decades was _.（分数：2.00）A.mission impossibleB.a matter of technologyC.beyond men“s reachD.largely a matter of politics and finance(5).The best title for this passage would be _.（分数：2.00）A.Is There Life on Mars?B.They Found
23、Life!C.Mars, A Dead Planet in the SpaceD.Future Colonies on MarsDoes using a word processor affect a writer s style? The medium usually does do something to the message after all, even if Marshall McLuhan“s claim that the medium simply is the message has been heard and largely forgotten now. The que
24、stion matters. Ray Hammond, in his excellent guide The Writer and the Word Processor, predicts that over half the professional writers in Britain and the USA will be using word processors by the end of 1985. The best known recruit is Leu Deighton, from as long ago as 1968, though most users have onl
25、y started since the microcomputer boom began in 1980. Ironically word processing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in rough than typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionality to the text. The typist“s dread of having to get out the Tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoin
26、g the whole thing if he has any substantial second thoughts, can make him consistently choose the safer option in his sentences, or let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete, out of weariness. In word processing the text is loosened up whilst still retaining the advantage
27、 of looking formally finished. This has, I think, two apparently contradictory effects. The initial writing can become excessively sloppy and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later. That crucial first inspiration is never easy to recapture, though, and therefore, on the other h
28、and, the writing can become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since revision becomes a larger part of composition. However, these are faults easier to detect in others than in oneself. My own experience of the sheer difficulty of committing any words at all to the page means I“m gra
29、teful for all the help I can get. For most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to feel like the ideal method (and can always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). Most of the writers interviewed by Hammond say it has improved their style (“immensely“, says Deighton). Seei
30、ng your own word on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them. Thus is not just by freeing you from-the labor of mechanical retyping that a word processor can help you to write. One author (Terence Feely) claims it has increased his output by 400%. Possibly the feeling of having a reac
31、tive machine, which appears to do things, rather than just have things done with it, accounts for thisyour slave works hard and so do you. Are there no drawbacks? It costs a lot and takes time to learn“expect to lose weeks of work“, says Hammond, though days might be nearer the mark. Notoriously it
32、is possible to lose work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least once. The awareness that what you have written no longer exists anywhere at all, is unbelievably enraging and baffling. Will word processing generally raise the level of professional writing then? Does it
33、 make writers better as well as more productive? Though all users insist it has done so for them individually, this is hard to believe. But reliance happens fast.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage what appears to be changing rapidly in Britain and the USA?（分数：2.00）A.The style writers are employi
34、ng.B.The way new writers are being recruited.C.The medium authors are using.D.The message authors are putting forward.(2).Typing a manuscript in the conventional manner may make a writer _.（分数：2.00）A.have a lot of second thoughtsB.become overcritical of his or her workC.make more mistakesD.take few
35、risks(3).One effect of using a word processor may be that the ongoing revision of a text _.（分数：2.00）A.is done with too little attentionB.produces a sloppy effectC.fails to produce a fluent styleD.does not encourage one to pick up mistakes(4).It is claimed here that word processor create _.（分数：2.00）A
36、.a feeling of distance between a writer and his or her workB.the illusion that you are the servant of the machineC.a sensation of powerD.a reluctance in the author to express himself or herself(5).As large as learning to use a word processor is concerned the writer of the passage feels that Hammond
37、_.（分数：2.00）A.is understating the problemB.exaggerates one drawbackC.is too skeptical about the advantage,D.overestimates the danger of losing textThe oceans are the main source of humidity, but plants also pour moisture into the air. In one day, a five-acre forest can release 20,000 gallons of water
38、, enough to fill an average swimming, pool. A dryer extracts moisture from wet clothes, adding to humidity. Even breathing contributes to this sticky business. Every time we exhale, we expel nearly one pint of moist air into the atmosphere. Using sophisticated measuring devices, science is learning
39、more and more about the far-reaching and often surprising impact humidity has on all of us. Two summers ago angry callers phoned American Television and Communications Corp.“s cable-TV operation in northeastern Wisconsin, complaining about fuzzy pictures and poor reception. “What happened,“ said the
40、 chief engineer, “was that the humidity was interfering with our signals.“ When a blast of dry air invaded the state, the number of complaints dropped sharply. Humidity plays hob with our mechanical world as well. Water condensation on the playing beads and tapes of videocassette recorders produces
41、a streaky picture. Humidity shortens the life of flashlight and smoke-detector batteries. When the weather gets sticky, the rubber belts that power the fan, air conditioner and alternator under the hood of our cars can get wet and squeak. Moisture also causes pianos to go out of tune, often in no ti
42、me flat. At the Wolf Trap Farm Park for the Performing Arts in Vienna, where pianos are tuned twice a day during the summer concert season. Often a tuner stands in the wings, ready to make emergency adjustments during performances. Humidity speeds the deterioration of treasured family photos and war
43、ps priceless antiques. Your home“s wooden support beams, doors and window framers absorb extra moisture and expand-swelling up to three percent depending on the wood, its grain and the setting. Too much moisture promotes blight that attacks potato and green-bean cropsadding to food costs. It also ca
44、uses rust in wheat, which can affect grain-product prices. Humidity affects our health, as well. We get more migraine headaches, ulcer attacks, blood clots and skin rashes in hot, humid weather. Since 1987, the Health, Weight and Stress Clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore has tested over 1
45、700 patients for responses to high humidity. They have reported increased dizziness, stomachaches, chest pains, cramps, and visual disturbances such as double and blurred vision.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of the passage is about _.（分数：2.00）A.the main source of humidityB.the impact of humidity on ou
46、r world and ourselvesC.how humidity affect our lifeD.the damage humidity has done to our world(2).Which of the following is NOT included as source of humidity in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Oceans.B.Plants.C.Air.D.Dryers.(3).Why does a tuner often stand in the wings?（分数：2.00）A.So it can be reached any t
47、ime.B.It is so designed mechanically.C.So it can prevent moisture.D.The piano needs to be tuned frequently.(4).What can be inferred from this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Nowadays science is learning more and more about the impact humidity has on all of us by using sophisticated measuring devices.B.Humidity c
48、ould interfere with television signals.C.Humidity may warp priceless antiques.D.Visual disturbances may decrease in days of low humidity.(5).Why did the number of complaints drop?（分数：2.00）A.Because they got poor reception.B.Because the humidity was interfering with the signals.C.Because there came a blast of dry air.D.Because humidity increased rapidly in the region.Each time you step into those faded old Jeans, you put on a piece of history. The world“s favorite trousers are now over a hundred year
