1、考研英语-试卷 98及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Millions of dollars often depend on the choice of which commercial to use in launching
2、a new product. So you show the commercials to a (1)_ of typical consumers and ask their opinion. The answers you get can sometimes lead you into a big (2)_. Respondents may lie just to be polite. Now some companies and major advertising (3)_ have been hiring voice detectives who test your normal voi
3、ce and then record you on tape (4)_ commenting on a product. A computer analyzes the degree and direction of change (5)_ normal. One kind of divergence of pitch means the subject (6)_ Another kind means he was really enthusiastic. In a testing of two commercials (7)_ children, they were. vocally, ab
4、out equally (8)_ of both. but the computer reported their emotional (9)_ in the two was totally different. Most major commercials are sent for testing to theaters (10)_ with various electronic measuring devices. People regarded as (11)_ are brought in off the street. Viewers can push buttons to (12)
5、_ whether they are interested or bored. Newspaper and magazine groups became intensely interested in testing their ads for a product (13)_ TV ads for the same product. They were interested because the main (14)_ of evidence shows that people (15)_ a lot more mental activity when they read (16)_ when
6、 they sit in front of the TV set. TV began to be (17)_ “a low-involvement“ (18)_. It is contended that low involvement means that there is less (19)_ that the ad message will be (20)_.Notes: commercial 广告。pitch 音调。（分数：40.00）A.packB.flockC.multipleD.bulkA.lossB.panicC.benefitD.surpriseA.hostsB.advoca
7、tesC.agenciesD.opponentsA.asB.ifC.thoughD.whileA.towardB.intoC.fromD.toA.aggravatedB.liedC.boastedD.misunderstoodA.withB.aboutC.onD.ofA.conformingB.agreeingC.conceivingD.approvingA.involvementB.responseC.reflectionD.moodA.fedB.suppliedC.providedD.equippedA.independentB.ordinaryC.typicalD.averageA.de
8、monstrateB.designateC.debateD.indicateA.as withB.againstC.as toD.underA.numberB.seriesC.bodyD.proportionA.exhibitB.extendC.expandD.exertA.orB.thanC.andD.versusA.regardedB.labeledC.assumedD.recognizedA.meansB.methodC.mediumD.measureA.opportunityB.scopeC.chanceD.capacityA.rejectedB.reviewedC.revivedD.
9、remembered二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._St. Paul didn“t like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it “mischievous“ and “har
10、d to get rid of it“, but Oscar Wilder said, “Gossip is charming“. “History is merely gossip“, he wrote in one of his famous plays. “But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality“. In past time, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking sto
11、ols, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterruptedly across the back fences of the centuries. Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutio
12、nary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all. Gossip is “an intrinsically valuable activity“, philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze“ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn“t come
13、 through ordinary channels, such as: “What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from. the office?“ Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze“ev says. It is “a kind of sharing“ that also “satisfies the tribal neednamely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group“. What“s mo
14、re, the professor notes, “Gossip is enjoyable“. Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a “saintly virtue“, by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up
15、being slightly beneficial. “It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets“, he writes. Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch be
16、ing gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion. By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and
17、Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help. So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if (as often is the case among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipers instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense
18、 recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: when men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, “Live so that you wouldn“t be ashamed to sell
19、the family parrot to the town gossip“.（分数：10.00）(1).Persons“ remarks are mentioned at the beginning of the text to _.（分数：2.00）A.show the general disapproval of gossip.B.introduce the topic of gossip.C.examine gossip from a historical perspective.D.prove the real value of gossip.(2).By “Gossip also i
20、s a form of social bonding“ (Paragraph 5), Professor Aaron Ben-Ze“ev means gossip _.（分数：2.00）A.is a valuable source of social information.B.produces a joy that most people in society need.C.brings people the feel of being part of a group.D.satisfies people“s need of being unusual.(3).Which of the fo
21、llowing statements is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Everyone involved will not benefit from gossip.B.Philosophers may hold different attitudes toward-gossip.C.Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advantageous.D.People are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip.(4)
22、.We learn from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.gossipers will surely become gossipers someday.B.Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossiper.C.Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossiping.D.an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual.(5)
23、.The author“s attitude toward “gossip“ can be best described as _.（分数：2.00）A.neutral.B.positive.C.negative.D.indifferent.SoBig. F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was so effectiv
24、e that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by anti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-me
25、asure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus, SoBig. F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting“ e-mail addresses from th
26、e hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected. Kevin Haley of Symantec, a fir
27、m that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig. F was so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard-drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that
28、, unlike its precursors, SoBig. F was capable of “multi-threading“, it could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes. Blaster worked by creating a “buffer overrun in the remote procedure call“. In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by
29、Microsoft“s Windows operating system to allow one computer to control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory. Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under att
30、ack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting. One way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster so
31、meone seems to have tried exactly that with a program called Welch. However, according to Mr. Haley, Welch has caused almost as many problems as Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with “pings“signals that checked for the presence of other computers. Though both of these programs fell short of
32、the apparent objectives of their authors, they still caused damage. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York Times newsroom, and the one organizing trains operated by CSX, a freight company on America“s east coast. Computer scien
33、tists expect that it is only a matter of time before a truly devastating virus is unleashed.（分数：10.00）(1).SoBig. F damaged computer programs mainly by _.（分数：2.00）A.sending them an overpowering number of messages.B.harvesting the addresses stored in the computers.C.infecting the computers with an inv
34、isible virus.D.destroying the anti-virus software of the computers.(2).Which of the following best defines the word “doctored“ (Line 10, Paragraph 1)?（分数：2.00）A.falsifiedB.curedC.deceivedD.diagnosed(3).Compared with SoBig. F, Blaster was a virus that was _.（分数：2.00）A.more destructive.B.more humorous
35、.C.less vulnerable.D.less noticeable.(4).From the text we learn that Welch _.（分数：2.00）A.is a wicked worm causing as many damages as Blaster did.B.is a program designed by Haley to detect worms like Blaster.C.is a program intended to fix the infected machines.D.is a worm meant to defeat the virus wit
36、h “pings“.(5).The tone of the text can be best described as _.（分数：2.00）A.optimistic and humorous.B.analytical but concerned.C.passionate but pessimistic.D.scholarly and cautious.European farm ministers have ended three weeks of negotiations with a deal which they claim represents genuine reform of t
37、he common agricultural policy (CAP). Will it be enough to kick off the Doha world trade negotiations? On the face of it, the deal agreed in the early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Most subsidies linked to specific farm products are, at last, to be brokenthe idea is to replace these wi
38、th a direct payment to farmers, unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several key products, including milk and butter, are to be cutthat should mean European prices eventually falling towards the world market level. Cutting the link between subsidy and production was the main object
39、ive of proposals put forward by Mr. Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the negotiations. The CAP is hugely unpopular around the world. It subsidizes European farmers to such an extent that they can undercut farmers from poor countries, who also face trade barriers that largely exclude
40、 them from the potentially lucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the Doha round of trade talks, launched under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in November 2001. Developing countries have lined up alongside a number of industrial countries to demand an end
41、to the massive subsidies Europe pays its farmers. Several Doha deadlines have already been missed because of the EU“s intransigence, and the survival of the talks will be at risk if no progress is made by September, when the world“s trade ministers meet in Cancun, Mexico. But now even the French see
42、m to have gone along with the deal hammered out in Luxembourg. Up to a point, anyway. The package of measures gives the green light for the most eager reformers to move fast to implement the changes within their own countries. But there is an escape clause of sorts for the French and other reform-av
43、erse nations. They can delay implementation for up to two years. There is also a suggestion that the reforms might not apply where there is a chance that they would lead to a reduction in land under cultivation. These let-outs are potentially damaging for Europe“s negotiators in the Doha round. They
44、 could significantly reduce the cost savings that the reforms might otherwise generate and, in turn, keep European expenditure on farm support unacceptably high by world standards. Mote generally, the escape clauses could undermine the reforms by encouraging the suspicion that the new package will n
45、ot deliver the changes that its supporters claim Close analysis of what is inevitably a very complicated package might confirm the sceptics“ fears.（分数：10.00）(1).The deal agreed on Thursday looks promising in that _.（分数：2.00）A.European farm ministers finally reached a consensus.B.the link between far
46、m products and subsidies is removed.C.farmers would definitely accept the direct payment to them.D.European farm products will reach a lower price level than the world.(2).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAP.B.th
47、e deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talks.C.the deal was probably a result of pressure from other countries.D.the world“s trade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently.(3).In what case might the escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations?（分数：2.00）A.Farmers lo
48、se their interest in farming.B.Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years.C.Implementation of the measures goes too eagerly.D.The measures damage the reformers“ confidence.(4).The new package of measures is inevitably a complicated one due to _.（分数：2.00）A.Europe“s negotiators“ loss of confidence.B.European expenditure on farm support.C.escape clauses for some European countries.D.suspicion of the new package.(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.A promising new deal.B.Doha world trade n
