1、考研英语-试卷 94 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned (1)_ than it is abo
2、ut sadness. But it“s usually (2)_ as sadness. Depression can (3)_ at all ages, from childhood to old age, and it“s the United States“ No. 1 (4)_ problem. When someone is depressed, her behavior (5)_ change and she loses interest in activities she (6)_ enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The s
3、adness usually lasts every day for most of the day and for two weeks or more. What (7)_ depression? A (8)_ event can certainly bring (9)_ depression, but some will say it happens (10)_ a specific cause. So how do you know if you“re just having a bad day (11)_ are really depressed? Depression affects
4、 your (12)_, moods, behavior and even your physical health. These changes often go (13)_ or are labeled (14)_ simply a bad case of the blues. Someone who“s truly (15)_ depression will have (16)_ periods of crying spells, feelings of (17)_ (like not being able to change your situation) and (18)_ (lik
5、e you“ll feel this way forever), irritation or agitation. A depressed person often (19)_ from others. Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest (20)_ of depression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isn“t treated.（分数：40.00）A.onB.downC.inwardD.upA.depictedB.repo
6、rtedC.prohibitedD.expressedA.happenB.conveyC.fadeD.deteriorateA.socialB.academicC.literaryD.healthA.patternsB.linksC.intuitionD.conscientiousnessA.mostlyB.onceC.fairlyD.desperatelyA.curesB.checksC.triggersD.logsA.solemnB.sarcasticC.slenderD.stressfulA.onB.aroundC.upD.underA.viaB.withoutC.due toD.out
7、 ofA.orB.butC.andD.whileA.monopolyB.motionC.thoughtsD.associationA.underestimatedB.unsettledC.unexpectedD.unrecognizedA.byB.asC.inD.forA.battlingB.substitutingC.reproachingD.menacingA.justifiedB.extendedC.identifiedD.matchedA.selfishnessB.helplessnessC.strategyD.emotionA.vibrationB.vicinityC.reserva
8、tionD.hopelessnessA.withdrawsB.overwhelmsC.invadesD.exploitsA.fabricB.patentC.dangerD.passion二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Despite increased a
9、irport security since September 11th, 2001, the technology to scan both passengers and baggage for weapons and bombs remains largely unchanged. Travellers walk through metal detectors and carry-on bags pass through x-ray machines that superimpose colour-coded highlights, but do little else. Checked-
10、in luggage is screened by “computed tomography“, which peers inside a suitcase rather like a CAT scan of a brain. These systems can alert an operator to something suspicious, but they cannot tell what it is. More sophisticated screening technologies are emerging, albeit slowly. There are three main
11、approaches: enhanced x-rays to spot hidden objects, sensor technology to sniff dangerous chemicals, and radio frequencies that can identify liquids and solids. A number of manufacturers are using “reflective“ or “backscatter“ x-rays that can be calibrated to see objects through clothing. They can sp
12、ot things that a metal detector may not, such as a ceramic knife or plastic explosives. But some people think they can reveal too much. In America, civil-liberties groups have stalled the introduction of such equipment, arguing that it is too intrusive. To protect travellers“ modesty, filters have b
13、een created to blur genital areas. Machines that can detect minute traces of explosive are also being tested. Passengers walk through a machine that blows a burst of air, intended to dislodge molecules of substances on a person“s body and clothes. The air is sucked into a filter, which instantaneous
14、ly analyses it to see whether it includes any suspect substances. The process can work for baggage as well. It is a vast improvement on today“s method, whereby carry-on items are occasionally swabbed and screened for traces of explosives. Because this is a manual operation, only a small share of bag
15、s are examined this way. The most radical of the new approaches uses “quadrupole resonance technology“. This involves bombarding an object with radio waves. By reading the returning signals, the machines can identify the molecular structure of the materials it contains. Since every compoundsolid, li
16、quid or gascreates a unique frequency, it can be read like a fingerprint. The system can be used to look for drugs as well as explosives. For these technologies to make the jump from development labs and small trials to full deployment at airports they must be available at a price that airports are
17、prepared to pay. They must also be easy to use, take up little space and provide quick results, says Chris Yates, a security expert with Jane“s Airport Review. Norman Shanks, an airport security expert, says adding the new technologies costs around $100,000 per machine; he expects the systems to be
18、rolled out commercially over the next 12 months. They might close off one route to destroying an airliner, but a cruel certainty is that terrorists will try to find others.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the relationship between the 2nd paragraph and the 3rd, 4th and 5th paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.A generalization
19、 is made in paragraph 2 and then elaborated in paragraph 3,4 and 5.B.More sophisticated screening technologies are mentioned in paragraph 2 and 3 and then examples are provided in paragraph 4 and 5.C.Specific evidence is provided in paragraph 1,2 and 3 and then a conclusion is drawn in paragraph 4.D
20、.Three main approaches are advanced in paragraph 2,3 and then their functions are detailed in paragraph 4 and 5.(2).The delay of employment of x-ray equipment lies in its _.（分数：2.00）A.unreliable screeningB.full exposureC.inadequate efficiencyD.travellers“ modesty(3).Which of the followings is a dete
21、rmining factor in terms of the prospect of the screening technologies discussed in the text?（分数：2.00）A.Their efficiency.B.Their brand.C.Their output.D.Their component.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.new methods to prevent terrorism on aero-planes are not a panaceaB.n
22、ew equipment will be mass-produced commercially over the next 12 monthsC.new methods are readily monitored by security staffs at the airportD.new equipment can only detect minute traces of explosive(5).The word “albeit“ in the first sentence of the second paragraph most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.a
23、lthoughB.onceC.ifD.asFor the first time, George Bush has acknowledged the existence of secret CIA prisons around the world, where key terrorist suspects100 in all, officials sayhave been interrogated with “an alternative set of procedures“. Fourteen of the suspects, including the alleged mastermind
24、of the September 11th attacks, were transferred on Monday to the American naval base at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, where some will face trial for war crimes before special military commissions. Many of these menas Mr. Bush confirmed in a televised speech at the White House on September 6thare al-Qaeda
25、operatives or Taliban fighters who had sought to withhold information that could “save American lives“. “In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individuals to an environment where they can be held secretly (and) questioned by experts“, the president said. He declined to say where they h
26、ad been held or why they had not simply been sent straight to Guantanamo, as some 770 other suspected terrorists have been. Mr. Bush also refused to reveal what interrogation methods had been used, saying only that, though “tough“, they had been “safe and lawful and necessary“. Many believe that the
27、 main purpose of the CIA“s prisons was to hide from prying eyes the torture and other cruel or degrading treatment used to extract information from prisoners. But Mr. Bush insisted that America did not torture: “It“s against our laws, and it“s against our values. I have not authorised it and I will
28、not authorise it“. The pentagon this week issued its long-awaited new Army Field Manual, forbidding all forms of torture and degrading treatment of prisoners by army personnelthough not the CIA. For the first time, it specifically bans forced nakedness, hooding, the Use of dogs, sexual humiliation a
29、nd “water-boarding“ (simulated drowning)all practices that have been used at Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib. So why did the president decide now to reveal the CIA“s secret programme? Partly, he confessed; because of the Supreme Court“s recent ruling that minimum protections under the Geneva Conventions a
30、pplied to all military prisoners, no matter where they were. This has put American agents at risk of prosecution for war crimes. Mr. Bush has now asked Congress to ban suspected terrorists from suing American personnel in federal courts.（分数：10.00）(1).In terms of literary device, the phrase “an alter
31、native set of procedures“ in the first paragraph of the text is a kind of _.（分数：2.00）A.hyperboleB.euphemismC.black humorD.stream of consciousness(2).Mr. Bush“s attitude toward the public“s remarks is _.（分数：2.00）A.consentB.hesitationC.denialD.approval(3).The term “declined“ in the last sentence of th
32、e second paragraph most probably denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.refusedB.droppedC.divedD.compromised(4).According to the text, the old Army Field Manual lacks _.（分数：2.00）A.some forms of degrading treatment of prisonersB.the trials of time by the CIAC.torture by army personnel in Abu GhraibD.specific ban on “w
33、ater-boarding“(5).According to the text, the president admits to some “alternative“ method due to _.（分数：2.00）A.charity impulseB.economic recessionC.domestic boomingD.legal pressureSeven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research
34、showing that senior women professors in the institute“s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all placesshowed that female m
35、edical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities. Sara Connolly, a
36、 researcher at the University of East Anglia“s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year“s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay
37、gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around 1,500 ($2,850) a year. That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men“s and women“s lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women
38、taking “career breaks“ to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy, Male professors, for example, earn over 4,000 a year more than femal
39、e ones. To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overal
40、l pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination. Besides pay, her study also looked at the “glass-ceiling“ effectnamely that at all stages of a woman“s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Betwee
41、n postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair: Of course, it might be that, at each grade, me
42、n do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connolly“s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academi
43、c researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian
44、world of academia does.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “crop up“ in the first paragraph most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.plantB.thriveC.elevateD.happen(2).Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connolly“s study?（分数：2.00）A.Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.B.Fewer resources for
45、 research by women scientists.C.The super qualities possessed by male scientists.D.The role of analyzing the results of a survey.(3).According to the text, the author places interpretation on _.（分数：2.00）A.a termB.a slangC.a humorD.a motto(4).In contrast to Dr. Connolly“s study, the previous ones fai
46、led to _.（分数：2.00）A.make a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universitiesB.make themselves more eligible for promotionC.make a difference for a woman to settle into a professorial chairD.make the supposedly egalitarian world of academi
47、a deliver more equality(5).Which of followings could be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Take the Lead.B.Free to Flutter.C.The Hardest Move.D.Mind the Gap.Artificial hearts have long been the stuff of science fiction. In “Robocop“, snazzy cardiac devices are made by Yamaha and Jensen, and in “
48、Star Trek“, Jean-Luc Picard, captain of the Enterprise, has one implanted in the year 2328. In the present day, however, their history has been more chequered. The first serious attempt to build one happened in the 1980s, when Jarvik-7, made by Robert Jarvik, a surgeon at the University of Utah, captured the world“s attention. But Jarvik-7 was a complicated affair that needed to be connected via tubes to machines outside the body. The patient could not go home, nor even turn around
