1、考研英语-试卷 92 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_More and more residences, businesses, and even government agencies are using telephone
2、 answering machines to take messages or give information or instructions. Sometimes these machines give (1)_ instructions, or play messages that are difficult to understand. If you (2)_ telephone calls, you need to be ready to respond if you get a (3)_. The most common machine is the (4)_ used in re
3、sidence. If you call a home (5)_ there is a telephone answering machine in operation you (6)_ hear several rings and then a recorded message (7)_ usually says something (8)_ this: “Hello. We can“t come to the (9)_ right now. If you want us to call you back, please leave your name and number after th
4、e beep“. Then you will hear a “beep“, (10)_ is a brief, high-pitched (11)_. Alter the beep, you can say who you are, whom you want to speak to, and what number the person should call to (12)_ you, or you can leave a (13)_. Some telephone answering machines (14)_ for only 20 or 30 seconds after the b
5、eep, so you must respond quickly. Some large businesses and government agencies are using telephone answering machines to provide information on (15)_ about which they receive a large volume of (16)_. Using these systems (17)_ you to have a touch-tone phone (a phone with buttons rather than a rotary
6、 dial). The voice on the machine will tell your to push a certain button on your telephone if you want information on Topic A, another button for Topic B, and so on. You listen (18)_ you hear the topic you want to learn about, and then you push the (19)_ button. After making your (20)_, you will hea
7、r a recorded message on the topic.（分数：40.00）A.obscureB.wrongC.confusingD.clearA.takeB.makeC.doD.getA.machineB.messageC.instructionD.recordingA.typeB.kindC.sortD.characterA.whichB.whereC.whyD.whenA.probablyB.certainlyC.willD.mayA.whoB.whatC.itD.thatA.likeB.inC.forD.aboutA.placeB.phoneC.homeD.roomA.th
8、atB.whoC.oneD.whichA.turtleB.noiseC.voiceD.toneA.catchB.tellC.reachD.meetA.noteB.recordC.messageD.speechA.recordB.speakC.receiveD.workA.topicsB.thingsC.argumentsD.concernsA.questionsB.inquiriesC.problemsD.complaintsA.commandsB.requiresC.asksD.requestsA.whenB.afterC.untilD.beforeA.correctB.toldC.best
9、D.appropriateA.selectionB.solutionC.experimentD.decision二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Bilingual education in New York City was originally view
10、ed as a transitional program that would teach foreign-born children in their native languages until they were fluent enough in English to enter the educational mainstream. But over the last 25 years, bilingual programs at many schools have become foreign-language ghettos from which many children nev
11、er escape. The need to expose foreign-born students to more English during the school dayand to move them as quickly as possible into the mainstreamwas underscored this week in a pair of reports, one from Mayor Rudolph Giuliani“s task force on bilingual education and one form Schools Chancellor Haro
12、ld Levy. The push to reform bilingual education has intensified across the country since the Silicon Valley millionaire Ron K. Unz championed a ballot initiative that ended bilingual education in California two years ago. Opponents of bilingual education want it replaced with the so-called immersion
13、 method, in which students are forced to “sink or swim“ in classes taught entirely in English. Immersion has at least a chance of success in the early grades, where children are mainly being taught to read and write. But it is a recipe for failure in the upper grades, where older foreign-born studen
14、ts must simultaneously learn English and master complex subjects like math, science and literature. Mayor Giuliani and Schools Chancellor Levy have wisely called for reforming special education instead of dismantling it. Both reports want to end the practice of dragooning children into the system, a
15、nd call on administrators to offer parents a range of choices. Instead of automatically assigning students to bilingual classeswhere they take subjects like mathematics and social studies in their native languagesparents would be allowed to choose other options, including the strategy of English as
16、a second language, in which most instruction is offered in English. Children would be moved into the mainstream as quickly as possible, preferably within three years. But these sensible reforms have little chance of succeeding unless the city and the state act quickly to train and recruit teachers w
17、ho can perform the needed task. Nearly 30 percent of bilingual instructors are uncertified. Some have not even mastered the languages they have been hired to teach. True reform will require dollars, determination and a qualified teacher in every classroom.（分数：10.00）(1).Which word can best describe t
18、he author“s attitude to the two reports frequently mentioned?（分数：2.00）A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Objective.(2).According to the passage, “sink or swim“(Sentence 2, Paragraph 2)is_.（分数：2.00）A.absolutely wrong.B.partly right.C.a good idea.D.a proven method.(3).Which of the following is NO
19、T included in the two reports concerned?（分数：2.00）A.rents and children should have more right to choose courses.B.English may.be taught as a second language.C.Schools should establish a system so that students may be moved into the mainstream as soon as possible.D.Bilingual education is out of date a
20、nd should be replaced by a brand-new teaching system.(4).The word “dragoon“(Sentence 2, Paragraph 3) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.deceiveB.leadC.forceD.manage(5).At the end of the passage, suggestions are made EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.that the city and state take actions to improve bilingual education.B.tha
21、t teachers who make contributions in this field be rewarded.C.that schools be in great need of qualified teachers.D.that measures be taken to change the current situation.In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employergovernment or private-should have little or no impact on the ear
22、nings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with th
23、e type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on women“s earnings as c
24、ompared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs“s results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed e
25、xclusively of private employees. Other things being equal. In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings o
26、f women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of white male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earning
27、s differentials that were the result of racial disparities.) Brown“s research design controlled for education, labor force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the study“s results. Brown“s results suggest that men and women are not treat
28、ed the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed. One can infer from Brown“s results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-emp
29、loyed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions. Brown“s results are clearly consistent with Fuchs“s argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than do
30、es discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers axe discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, h
31、owever, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on women“s earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage mentions all of the following as difficulties that self-employed women may encounter EXCEPT
32、_.（分数：2.00）A.discrimination from consumersB.discrimination from financial institutionsC.problems in obtaining good employeesD.problems in obtaining government assistance(2).The author would be most likely to agree with the following conclusion about discrimination against women by private employers
33、and by government employers:_.（分数：2.00）A.Both private employers and government employers discriminate, with equal effects on women s earnings.B.Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by private employers has.a greater effect on women“s earnings.C.Both pr
34、ivate employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by government employers has a greater effect on women“s earnings.D.Private employers discriminate; it is possible that government employers discriminate.(3).According to Brown“s study, women“s earnings categories occur in
35、which of the following orders, from highest earnings to lowest earnings?（分数：2.00）A.Government employment, self-employment.B.Private employment, private employment, self-employment.C.Private employment, self-employment, government employment.D.Private employment, government employment, self-employmen
36、t.(4).Which of the following questions does the passage answer explicitly?（分数：2.00）A.Why were Black workers excluded from the sample used in Brown“s study?B.Why do private employers discriminate more against women than do government employers?C.Why do self-employed women have more difficulty than me
37、n in hiring high quality employees?D.Why do suppliers discriminate against self-employed women?(5).Which of the following titles best describes the content of the passage as a whole?（分数：2.00）A.The Necessity for Earnings Differentials in Free Market Economy.B.Why Discrimination Against Employed Women
38、 by Government Employers and Private Employers Differs from Discrimination Against Self-Employed Women by Consumers.C.The Relative Effect of Discrimination by Government Employers, Private Employers, and Consumers on Women“s Earnings.D.The Relative Effect of Private Employer Discrimination on Women“
39、s Earnings.Something big is happening to the human racesomething that could be called The Great Transformation. The Transformation consists of all the changes that are occurring m human life due to advancing technology. For thousands of years such progress occurred slowly. Now, everything is changin
40、g so fast that you may find yourself wondering where all this progress is really leading. Nobody knows what all these changes really will mean in the long run. But this mysterious Transformation is the biggest story of all time. It is the story of the human race itself. Some people worry about what
41、will happen when the deposits of petroleum are gone, but already researchers are finding all kinds of new ways to obtain energy. Someday, solar power collected by satellites circling the earth of fission power manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization.
42、Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement, as well as leading to the harvest of mineral resources like the asteroids. Scientific research continues to open up previously undreamed-of possibilities. Fifty years ago, few people could even imagine things like compu
43、ters, lasers, and holography. Today, a host of newly emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and genetic engineering are opening up all kinds of new paths for technologists. Like it or not, our advancing technology has made us masters of the earth. We not only dominate all the other an
44、imals, but we are reshaping the world“s plant life and even its soil and rocks, its waters and surrounding air. Mountains are being dug up to provide minerals and stone for buildings. The very ground under our feet is washing away as we chop down the forests, plow up the fields, and excavate foundat
45、ions for our buildings. Human junk is cluttering up not only the land but even the bottom of the sea. And so many chemicals are being released into the air by human activities that scientists worry that the entire globe may warm, causing the polar icecaps to melt and ocean waters to flood vast areas
46、 of the land. During the twentieth century, advancing technology has enabled man to reach thousands of feet into the ocean depths and to climb the highest mountains. Mount Everest, the highest mountain of all, resisted all climbers until the 1950“s. Now man is reaching beyond Earth to the moon, Mars
47、, and the stars. No one knows what the Great Transformation means or where it will ultimately lead. But one thing is sure: Human life 50 years from now will be very different from what it is today. It“s also worth noting that our wondrous technology is posing an increasingly insistent question: When
48、 we can do so many things, how can we possibly decide what we really should do? When humans were relatively powerless, they didn“t have to make the choices they have to make today. Technology gives us the power to build a magnificent new civilizationif we can just agree on what we want it to be. But today, there is little global agreement on goals and how we should achieve them. So it remains to be seen what will happen as a result of our technology. Pessimists worry that we will use the technology eventually to blo
