1、考研英语-试卷 71及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The (1)_ proble
2、m, or a small scale, faces (2)_ every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of (3)_ the sums needed from friends and people we know. And (4)_ banks may agree to provide short-term finance. They are generally unwilling to provide money on a (5)_ basi
3、s for long-term (6)_. So companies (7)_ the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in future profits. This they do by (8)_ stocks and shares of their business in a stock (9)_. By doing so they can (10)_ and use the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overse
4、as, when the inventor needs his money back, he does not have to go the company with whom he (11)_ placed it. (12)_, he sells his shares through a (13)_ to some other person who is seeking to invest his money, many of the services needed (14)_ by industry and by each of us are provided by the governm
5、ent or by local (15)_ Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, etc, this country could not (16)_. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money that is raised through taxes alone. The government,
6、local authorities, and nationalized industries (17)_ frequently need to borrow money to (18)_ major capital spending, and they, too, come to a stock exchange. There is hardly a man or woman in this country (19)_ job and standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to rai
7、se money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the investment funds of the country. Stock exchanges exist to provide a (20)_ through which these funds can reach those who need financing.（分数：40.00）A.identicalB.equivalentC.alikeD.sameA.advantageouslyB.theoreti
8、callyC.practicallyD.adventurouslyA.raisingB.collectingC.gatheringD.accumulatingA.only ifB.even ifC.if onlyD.whereasA.potentialB.perpetualC.patentD.permanentA.perspectiveB.prosperityC.prospectD.projectA.turn toB.turn upC.turn outD.turn downA.publishingB.grantingC.issuingD.deliveringA.exchangeB.substi
9、tuteC.replacementD.bargainA.distractB.assimilateC.depositD.stakeA.originallyB.primitivelyC.formallyD.formerlyA.ActuallyB.InsteadC.VirtuallyD.Instead ofA.stockholderB.stockbrokerC.merchantD.donorA.bothB.eachC.allD.eitherA.authoritiesB.mechanismC.organizationD.institutionA.operatedB.manipulateC.handle
10、D.functionA.thusB.neverthelessC.thereforeD.henceA.financeB.offerC.investD.mortgageA.who“sB.whoseC.whomD.thatA.accessB.passageC.wayD.channel二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text
11、 by choosing A, B, C or D._For Tony Blair, home is a messy sort of place, where the prime minister“s job is not to uphold eternal values but to force through some unpopular changes that may make the country work a bit better. The area where this is most obvious, and where it matters most, is the pub
12、lic services. Mr. Blair faces a difficulty here which is partly of his own making. By focusing his last election campaign on the need to improve hospitals, schools, transport and policing, he built up expectations. Mr. Blair has said many times that reforms in the way the public services work need t
13、o go alongside increases in cash. Mr. Blair has made his task harder by committing a classic negotiating error. Instead of extracting concessions from the other side before promising his own, he has pledged himself to higher spending on public services without getting a commitment to change from the
14、 unions. Why, given that this pledge has been made, should the health unions give ground in return? In a speech on March 20th, Gordon Brown, the chancellor of the exchequer, said that “the something-for-nothing days are over in our public services and there can be no blank cheques.“ But the governme
15、nt already seems to have given health workers a blank cheque. Nor are other ministries conveying quite the same message as the treasury. On March 19th, John Hutton, a health minister, announced that cleaners and catering staff in new privately-funded hospitals working for the National Health service
16、 will still be government employees, entitled to the same pay and conditions as other health-service workers. Since one of the main ways in which the government hopes to reform the public sector is by using private providers, and since one of the main ways in which private providers are likely to be
17、 able to save money is by cutting labor costs, this move seems to undermine the government“s strategy. Now the government faces its hardest fight. The police need reforming more than any other public service. Half of them, for instance, retire early, at a cost of 1 billion a year to the taxpayer. Th
18、e police have voted 10-1 against proposals from the home secretary, David Blunkett, to reform their working practices. This is a fight the government has to win. If the police get away with it, other public service workers will reckon they can too. And, if they all get away it, Mr. Blair“s domestic
19、policywhich is what voters are most likely to judge him on a the next electionwill be a failure.（分数：10.00）(1).What may be the attitude of many public-service workers towards the strategy of Blair“s government?（分数：2.00）A.Resentful.B.Accommodative.C.Supportive.D.Apprehensive.(2).Which of the following
20、 is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.It is not surprising that Mr. Blair cuts an impressive figure at home.B.Reforms of the police are bound up with increases in cash.C.It is vital that Mr. Blair“s election campaign depend on reforms.D.The present conditions of public services may fall short of
21、 expectations.(3).When mentioning “the something-for-nothing days“(Paragraph l), the writer is talking about（分数：2.00）A.Mr. Blair“s unique commitment to public service reforms.B.blank cheques given as a compromise to health workers.C.Mr. Blair“s pledge to spending increases on public services.D.pay a
22、nd conditions granted to health-service workers.(4).The conclusion can be drawn from the text that Britain“s public services may be（分数：2.00）A.at a dangerous stage.B.for lack of investment.C.in the interests of workers.D.on the verge of collapse.(5).The views of Gordon Brown and John Hutton on public
23、 services reforms are（分数：2.00）A.identical.B.opposite.C.similar.D.complementary.Everyday some 16m barrels of oil leave the Gulf through the Strait of Hormuz. That is enough to fill a soft-drink can for everyone on earth, or to power every motor vehicle on the planet for 25 miles(40km). Gulf oil accou
24、nts for 40% of global trade in the sticky stuff. More important, it makes up two-thirds of known deposits. Whereas at present production rates the rest of the world“s oil reserves will last for a mere 25 years, the Gulf“s will last for 100. In other words, the region“s strategic importance is set to
25、 grow and grow. Or at least so goes the conventional wisdom, which is usually rounded out with scary talk of unstable, spendthrift regimes and a looming fundamentalist menace. Yet all those numbers come with caveats. A great deal of oil is consumed by the countries that produce it rather than traded
26、, so in reality the Gulf accounts for less than a quarter of the world“s daily consumption. As for reserves, the figures are as changeable as a mirage in the desert. The most comprehensive research available, conducted by the US Geological Survey, refers to an “expected“ total volume for global hydr
27、ocarbon deposits that is about double current known reserves. Using that figure, and throwing in natural gas along with oil, it appears that the Gulf contains a more moderate 30% or so of the planet“s future fossil-fuel supplies. Leaving out the two Gulf states that are not covered in this surveyIra
28、n and Iraqthe remaining six between them hold something like 20% of world hydrocarbon reserves, not much more than Russia. All the same, it is still a hefty chunk; enough, you might think, to keep the people living atop the wells in comfort for the foreseeable future. But you might be wrong. At pres
29、ent, the nations of the Gulf Co-operation Council have a combined national income roughly equal to Switzerland“s, but a population which, at around 30m, is more than four times as big. It is also the fastest-growing on earth, having increased at nine times the Swiss rate over the past quarter-centur
30、y. Meanwhile the region“s share of world oil trade has fallen, as has the average price per barrel. As a result, the income per person generated by GCC oil exports has been diminishing since the 1970s. True, surging demand from America and Asia has recently boosted the Gulf“s share of trade, but the
31、 medium-term outlook for oil pries remains weak. Combined with continued growth in oil consumption, this should create sustained upward pressure on prices. And high oil prices will speed the search for alternatives. Who knows, in 20 years“ time fuel cells and hydrogen power may have started to becom
32、e commercial propositions.（分数：10.00）(1).In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on the strategic importance of the Gulf oil is（分数：2.00）A.unclear.B.constructive.C.reasonable,D.exaggerated.(2).By mentioning “the figures are as changeable as a mirage in the desert“, the author is talking about（
33、分数：2.00）A.the wealthy people who live atop the wells in the GulfB.the planet“s future fossil-fuel supplies.C.the inconsistent estimates on oil deposits in the Gulf.D.the oil traded in the international markets.(3).Why does the author not think that “it is still a hefty chunk“?（分数：2.00）A.The people i
34、n the Gulf would not benefit in certain ways.B.The Gulf countries are incomparable to the county Swiss.C.Continued oil consumption will create high price pressures.D.Oil reserves will continue to be a supply of resources.(4).It is generally believed that oil produced in the Gulf（分数：2.00）A.will leave
35、 the locals in impoverished conditions.B.is less than the assessment in a comprehensive research.C.will diminish the region“s strategic importance.D.is traded rather than consumed by its producers(5).To which of the follow is the author likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.Some of the world“s bothersome hotsp
36、ots are near the Gulf.B.Oil is big, but it is not the only reason to take the Gulf seriously.C.While the oil price keeps rising, the Gulf is an attractive to traders.D.Tighten thrift regimes on oil consumption, the single remedy.The dot-com collapse may have been a disaster for Wall Street, but here
37、 in Silicon Valley, it was a blessing. It was the welcome end to an abnormal condition that very nearly destroyed the area in an overabundance of success. You see, the secret to the Valley“s astounding multiple-decade boom is failure. Failure is what fuels and renews this place. Failure is the found
38、ation for innovation. The valley“s business ecology depends on failure the same way the tree-covered hills around us depend on fireit wipes out the old growth and creates space for new life. The valley has always been in danger of drowning in the unwelcome waste products of successtoo many people, t
39、oo expensive houses, too much traffic, too little office space and too much money chasing too few startups. Failure is the safety valve, the destructive renewing force that frees up people, ideas and capital and recombines them, creating new revolutions. Consider how the Internet revolution came to
40、be. After half a decade of start-up struggles, for example, hundreds of millions of Hollywood dollars were going up in smoke. It all seemed like a terrible waste, but no one noticed that the collapse left one very important byproduct, a community of laid-off C-H programmers who were now expert in mu
41、ltimedia design, and out on the street looking for the next big thing. These media geeks were the pioneer of the dot-com revolution. They were the Web“s business pioneers, applying their newfound media sensibilities to create one little company after another. Most of these start-ups failed, but even
42、 in failure they advanced the new medium of cyberspace. A few geeks, like Silicon Graphics founder Jim Clark, succeeded and utterly changed our lives. In 1994 Clark was unemployed after leaving the company be founded, doggedly trying to develop a new interactive-TV concept. He approached Marc Andree
43、ssen, the co-developer of Mosaic, the first widely used Internet browser, in hope of persuading Andreessen to help him design his new system. Instead, Andreessen opened Clark“s eyes to the Web“s potential. Clark promptly tossed his TV plans in the trash, and the two co-founded Netscape, the cornerst
44、one of the consumer Web revolution. Like the interactive-TV refugees and generations of innovators before them, the dot comers are already hatching new companies. Many are revisiting good ideas executed badly in the “90s, while others are striking out into entirely new spaces. This happy chaos is ce
45、rtain to mature into a new order likely to upset an establishment, as it delivers life-changing wonders to the rest of us. But this is just the start, for revolutions give birth to revolutions. So let“s hope for more of Silicon Valley“s successful failures.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first
46、sentence?（分数：2.00）A.The Silicon Valley blamed its failure on the success of Wall Street.B.The Silicon Valley is also noted for its complex ecological web.C.The Silicon Valley takes a vain pride in its overabundant successes.D.The Silicon Valley would benefit from the collapse in certain ways.(2).The
47、 most favorable business ecology in Silicon Valley is characterized by（分数：2.00）A.its waste products of success.B.its abundance in constructive failures.C.its solid foundation for innovations.D.its laid-off dot-com programmers.(3).It can be learned from the text that new start-ups（分数：2.00）A.usually e
48、nd up with a failure.B.are subjected to rigid supervision.C.tend to collapse as a whole.D.never take into account failures.(4).The author writes of the experiences of Jim Clark to demonstrate（分数：2.00）A.the hardships a web pioneer must go through.B.the plight in which Clark was caught.C.the role failures positively play in revolutions.D.the cooperation among dot-comers.(5).What the author is trying to suggest may be best interpreted as（分数：2.00）A.Where there is a will, there is a way.B.He who laughs last laughs best.C.Successful failures is
