1、考研英语-试卷 62及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The American idea that hard work was to be esteemed distinguishes us from Europeans who
2、 (1)_ their gentlemen of leisure. For us, hard work (2)_ idleness was the way (3)_ distinction. Now, (4)_, like many other traditional values, hard work is coming under (5)_. In academic journals, conferences and classrooms, the idea of hard work is considered to be another of those notions that the
3、 dominant forces of our society (6)_ on the rest of Us. It (7)_ advances white-male interests (8)_ any woman or minority foolish enough to buy into the dominant value system will find out. In a recent survey, high-school students in the United States and Japan were asked to (9)_ factors that (10)_ t
4、o success in the classroom. Of the Japanese, 72 percent listed hard work first (11)_ only 27 percent of Americans agreed. Many factors contribute to the devaluing of hard work. Thinking that self-esteem is crucial, many parents and teachers (12)_ to point out the student“s failing, even laziness. To
5、 make matters (13)_, Americans place an unusually high value on the idea of innate ability. And (14)_ inevitably deemphasizes the role that hard work plays in success. (15)_ if our students fail to see that hard work (16)_, it is because we are telling them time and again, that it (17)_. If we want
6、young people to esteem hard work, it is UP to us to show them its worth, its strength and its significance in everyday life. And while we are at it, we should make sure they know there are many ideas to which we can all (18)_. The notion that these values cannot (19)_ class, race more than the idea
7、of hard work. It can call into question (20)_ there can be an American creeda public philosophy for us all.（分数：40.00）A.admireB.despiseC.regardD.enjoyA.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.less thanA.ofB.onC.toD.forA.anywayB.somehowC.somewhatD.howeverA.attackB.praiseC.emphasisD.wayA.actB.playC.imposeD
8、.performA.almostB.merelyC.scarcelyD.seldomA.asB.whichC.thatD.whatA.listB.nameC.recallD.rankA.paidB.constitutedC.contributedD.comprisedA.whenB.whileC.whereD.thatA.urgeB.reluctantC.longD.hesitateA.importantB.seriousC.worseD.betterA.aptitudeB.latitudeC.longitudeD.gratitudeA.ThusB.ButC.WhereasD.Furtherm
9、oreA.servesB.involvesC.mattersD.worksA.isn“tB.doesC.isD.doesn“tA.ascribeB.attributeC.subscribeD.prescribeA.condescendB.transformC.convertD.transcendA.whetherB.thatC.whyD.how二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. An
10、swer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._It has been a wretched few weeks for America“s celebrity bosses. AIG“s Maurice “Hank“ Greenberg has been dramatically ousted from the firm through which he dominated global insurance for decades. At Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Phili
11、p Purcell, a boss used to getting his own way, into an increasingly desperate campaign to save his skin. At Boeing, Harry Stonecipher was called out of retirement to lead the scandal-hit firm and raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked (it seems) for sending e-mails
12、to a lover who was also an employee. Curly Fiorina was the most powerful woman in corporate America until a few weeks ago, when Hewlett-Packard (HP) sacked her for poor performance. The fate of Bernie Ebbers is much grimmer. The once high-profile boss of World-Com could well spend the rest of his li
13、fe behind bars following his conviction last month on fraud charges. In different ways, each of these examples appears to point to the same, welcome conclusion: that the imbalance in corporate power of the late 1990s, when many bosses were allowed to behave like absolute monarchs, has been corrected
14、. Alas, appearances can be deceptive. While each of these recent tales of chief-executive woe is a sign of progress, none provides much evidence that the crisis in American corporate governance is yet over. In fact, each of these cases is an example of failed, not successful, governance. At the very
15、 least, the boards of both Morgan Stanley and HP were far too slow to ad dress their bosses“ inadequacies. The record of the Boeing board in picking chiefs prone to ethical lapses is too long to be dismissed as mere bad luck. The fall of Messrs Green berg and Ebbers, meanwhile, highlights the growin
16、g role of governmentand, in particular, of criminal prosecutorsin holding bosses to account: a development that is, at best, a mixed blessing. The Sarbanes-Oxley act, passed in haste following the Enron and WorldCom scandals, is imposing heavy costs on American companies; whether these are exceeded
17、by any benefits is the subject of fierce debate and many not be known for years. Eliot Spitzer, New York“s attorney-general, is the leading advocate and practitioner of an energetic “law enforcement“ approach. He may be right that the recent burst of punitive actions has been good for the economy, e
18、ven if (as is surely the case) some of his own decisions have been open to question. Where he is undoubtedly right is in arguing that corporate America has done a lamentable job of governing itself. As he says in an article in the Wall Street Journal this week: “The honour code among CEOS didn“t wor
19、k. Board oversight didn“t work. Self-regulation was a complete failure.“ AIG“s board, for example, did nothing about Mr. Greenberg“s use of murky accounting, or the conflicts posed by his use of offshore vehicles, or his constant bullying of his criticslet alone the firm“s alleged participation in b
20、id-rigginguntil Mr. Spitzer threatened a criminal prosecution that might have destroyed the firm.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “save his skin“(Paragraph 1) denotes（分数：2.00）A.protect skin.B.use cosmetics.C.escape misery.D.save energy.(2).The author seems to suggest that the defect in corporate power of th
21、e late 1990“ s（分数：2.00）A.has been exaggerated.B.has not been removed.C.has been rectified.D.has not been deceived.(3).Paragraph 3 is written to（分数：2.00）A.illustrate the breakdown with respect to governance.B.explain the record of the Boeing board in terms of ethical lapses.C.exemplify the boards of
22、Morgan Stanley and HP.D.stress the heavy costs of the Sarbanes-Oxley act.(4).The views of the writer and Spitzer on American corporate governance are（分数：2.00）A.opposite.B.similar.C.identical.D.complementary.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Mr. Spitzer（分数：2.00）A.threatened AIG“s bo
23、ard.B.prompted AIG“s action.C.prosecuted AIG“s crime.D.destroyed AIG“s accounting.A teenager was unable to call an ambulance after her parents were shot in February because the family“s internet phone service did not offer access to the 911 emergency number. A baby died in March for the same reason.
24、 Sad tales such as these led America“s Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to vote on May 19th to require internet phone companies to offer a 911 service. In so doing, the FCC seemed to have taken its first, big step towards imposing traditional telecoms rules on the interneta contentious move g
25、iven the fears that this will strangle what many still regard as an infant industry, especially if regulators elsewhere follow suit. But are the new rules really so bad? The new rules uphold a subset of telecoms policy, social objectives, which is much less burdensome than the FCC“S hugely unpopular
26、 economic regulation. Many providers of internet telephonystrictly, Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP)have for years sought the technical ability to provide an emergency service, knowing that such a feature would be essential were internet telephony ever to become a truly credible alternative to th
27、e traditional phone service. Incumbent operators that manage the emergency-service sys tem have not always made it easy for the upstarts to interconnect, which costs a provider almost $10m a year for nationwide service. The FCC has signaled that incumbent operators had better now act fairly. Moreove
28、r, the new rules apply only to certain firms, are easy to implement, and pro vide flexibility for future technical improvements. Only firms that offer VOIP via the public telephone network will have to provide 911, and to use it their customers will have to register their addresses. Only when intern
29、et technology is developed to allow the network to tell where a phone is connected to it will other VOIP operators be required to introduce this facility. Significantly, services based mainly on software, such as voice-enabled instant-messenger programs or online video games, which do not try to res
30、emble regular phone service, are exempt. All in all then, the new policy is unlikely to do much to slow a business now growing rapidly worldwide. In America, VOIP is on track to exceed $1 billion in revenue this year, with over 3m users. Many ordinary phone firms now use the technology to connect ca
31、lls, helping VOIP to account for a growing slice of international phone traffic. Having found an elegant way to impose 911 rules on VOIP, the FCC“s next challenge will be to secure wire-tapping capability for law-enforcement surveillance. This is an issue that similarly has been quietly debated for
32、years. It may take another set of tragedies before it is mandated in a quick, unanimous vote by the regulators.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the text that FCC“s mandate（分数：2.00）A.resulted from emergent tales.B.offered free 911 service.C.originated from tragic accidents.D.strangled new rules.(2).Th
33、e phrase “follow suit“(Paragraph 2) might mean（分数：2.00）A.set up a subset of new rules.B.behave as a regulator.C.uphold an infant industry.D.act in the way FCC did.(3).It is implied in the third paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.lack of a 911 service will dim the prospect of internet telephony to some extent.
34、B.popular economic regulators are supportive of telecoms.C.the technical ability is essential to many providers.D.incumbent operators manage phone service fairly for the time being.(4).Which of the following, according to the text, is true?（分数：2.00）A.Future technical enhancement is exempt from the a
35、doption of FCC“s new rules.B.A business developing rapidly worldwide reaches a near standstill.C.Certain firms have to get their addresses registered.D.The growth of internet technology exercises an influence over the application of the new policy.(5).The author“s attitude toward FCC“s new rules see
36、ms to be（分数：2.00）A.indifference.B.approval.C.suspicion.D.opposition.America“s space agency has a legendary love of paperwork. Consequently, NASA has published over 6,000 pages about the contracts for its Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), the craft that will put people into orbit around Earth, allowing
37、 them to carry out tasks such as visiting the international space station after the shuttle fleet is retired in 2010. But the CEV is also central to the agency“s new vision of putting people back on the moon. Frank Sietzen, a journalist and coauthor of “New Moon Rising“, a chronicle of the developme
38、nt of the new NASA vision, has spent the better part of the past six months leafing through these contracts in order to divine the agency“s plans. He says that because the CEV must be compatible with other components of the vision, the contracts give de tails of how NASA is planning to explore the m
39、oon and Mars. According to Mr. Sietzen, the new moonships will have three components that will be launched separately and then bolted together in orbitunlike NASA“s previous moon rocket, the Saturn 5, in which everything went up at once. One component will be the CEV. The second will be an Earth-dep
40、arture stagea rocket that provides the oomph needed to push the ship on its way to the moon. The third will be the “lunar surface access module“, or lunar lander, to the man in the street. The decision to assemble the new moonships in orbit lowers the cost of developing the rocket needed to get them
41、 off the Earth“s surface. Mr. Sietzeen predicts that in about a month“s time, when NASA picks two bidders for a CEV, it will announce what this rock et will beand that it will be based on the technology now used to launch the shuttles. It is also, he adds, possible to work out from the contracts wha
42、t the masses of the different components will be. These suggest that four astronauts will travel to the moon and six astronauts to Mars, and that the access module will sometimes fly as an unmanned truck carrying cargo to the moon“s surface. He predicts that there will be three phases of lunar explo
43、ration. Initial landings of two to three days will pick up where Apollo left off. Subsequent trips to rougher terrain will last for a week to ten days. And eventually a base camp will be established at one of the poles. This will be occupied for periods ranging from 90 days to a year, and will lead
44、to a permanent manned presence that would act as a prototype Mars base.（分数：10.00）(1).The best title for this text could be（分数：2.00）A.CEV and NASA“s lunar plan.B.Frank Sietzen“s legendary affection.C.CEV and its earth orbit.D.Frank Sietzen“s astronomical feats.(2).The word “divine“(Paragraph 2) in th
45、e text probably means（分数：2.00）A.separate.B.worship.C.forecast.D.spoil.(3).It is implied in the text that the contracts would fail to inform the public of NASA“s new vision if（分数：2.00）A.the new moonships will be launched together.B.NASA“s Crew Exploration Vehicle could not be manipulated with the hel
46、p of ground-based equipment.C.the agency“s plans are not carried out faithfully.D.NASA“s Crew Exploration Vehicle could not be employed together with the rest parts of the plan.(4).The term “oomph“(Paragraph 3) in the text denotes（分数：2.00）A.clue.B.short-cut.C.insight.D.energy.(5).Which of the follow
47、ing is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Rocket budget would soar without the assembly move.B.The masses of the various components will be worked out.C.The technology needed for the moonships would reduce the cost of the rocket.D.The decision to organize the engineers gives another push up in te
48、rms of space fund.White people tend to be nervous of raising the subject of race and education, but are often voluble on the issue if a black person brings it up. So when Trevor Phillips, chair man of Britain“s Commission for Racial Equality, said that there was a particular problem with black boys“ performance at school, and that it might be a good idea to educate them apart from other pupils, there was a torrent of comment. Some of it commended his proposal, and some criticized it, but none of it questioned its premise. Everybody acce
