1、考研英语-试卷 43及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Health care is an extraordinarily obsolete system. A professor of emergency medicine at
2、 major university sent me a really heartbreaking (1)_ lie said that physicians have to start from the (2)_ beginning with every patient. There is no history, no time to (3)_they know nothing about the (4)_. We have inferior medical service (5)_ the computer technology that could change it is not bei
3、ng used. The difficulties of just (6)_ patient recordsapart from analyzing them (7)_are unnecessary and hinder us from providing (8)_ service. We have the opportunity to do some wholesale rethinking of (9)_ we provide health care and turn it into not only medical service, but preventive maintenance
4、that (10)_ the patient in decision-making. We can begin through pilot and demonstration projects in hospitals, by doctors, and (11)_ by private doctor participation. Physicians can show patients the (12)_ of their actions and what the alternatives are. Technologies (13)_ multimedia and interactive c
5、omputers can (14)_ patients, in the privacy of their own homes, to ask questions about these (15)_. Other countries are moving much more (16)_ than the United States in medical information. The computerization and redesign of Sweden“s health delivery system has reduced that nation“s (17)_ on the hea
6、lth care from 12 % of GNP to a little over 7%. More than one-third of the population of the Nether-lands has their medical records computerized. (18)_ some hospitals in the United States keep computerized patient (19)_, these records only cover the time the patient is in the hospital and do not incl
7、ude their (20)_ medical history.（分数：40.00）A.magazineB.letterC.giftD.bookA.veryB.earlyC.realD.firstA.treatB.careC.prepareD.diagnoseA.doctorB.patientC.physicianD.nurseA.butB.althoughC.thereforeD.becauseA.handlingB.accessingC.collectingD.gatheringA.quicklyB.rapidlyC.properlyD.reallyA.commonB.inferiorC.
8、ordinaryD.qualityA.howB.whenC.whyD.whereA.embracesB.comprisesC.involvesD.includesA.especiallyB.exclusivelyC.exactlyD.extremelyA.preferencesB.substancesC.consequencesD.referncesA.for instanceB.for exampleC.such asD.as toA.allowB.confessC.induceD.consentA.substitutesB.detectivesC.motivesD.alternatives
9、A.decisivelyB.aggressivelyC.comprehensivelyD.excessivelyA.growthB.purchaseC.spendingD.developmentA.HoweverB.WhileC.MoreoverD.FurthermoreA.filesB.documentsC.recordsD.informationA.partialB.absoluteC.majorD.entire二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirectio
10、ns: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One“s physical assets and liabilities don“t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 3
11、0 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be t
12、reated well by their patents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. The scientists“ typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a groupc
13、ollege students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individual“s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an averag
14、e looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the
15、person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappo, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, ex
16、plains: in terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough liter
17、ature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager（分数：2.00）A.a person“s property or debts do not ma
18、tter much.B.a person“s outward appearance is not a critical qualification.C.women should always dress fashionably.D.women should not only be attractive but also high-minded.(2).The result of research carried out by social scientists shows that（分数：2.00）A.people do not realize the importance of lookin
19、g one“s best.B.women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well.C.good-looking women aspire to managerial positions.D.attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not.(3).Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attri
20、butes（分数：2.00）A.they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep.B.they do not usually act according to the views they support.C.they give ordinary-looking persons the low ratings.D.they tend to base their judgment on the individual“s accomplishments.(4).The sentence “good looks cut both way
21、s for women“ (Line 1, Paragraph 5) means that（分数：2.00）A.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs.B.good-looking women always get the best of everything.C.being attractive is not always an advantage for women.D.attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in manage
22、rial positions.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world（分数：2.00）A.handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are.B.physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well.C.physically attractive men and women who are in the
23、public eye usually get along quite well.D.good looks are important for women as they are for men.Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them to make me Jose my delight in dreams. To begin with, I like the idea of dreaming, of going to bed and lying still and then, by some queer
24、magic, wandering into another kind of existence. I could never understand why grown-ups took dreaming so calmly when they could make such a fuss about any holiday. This still puzzles me. I am mystified by people who say they never dream and appear to have no interest in the subject. It is much more
25、astonishing than if they said they never went out for a walk. Most peopleor at least most Western Europeansdo not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing or yawning. I have never understood this. My dream life does not seem as
26、important as my waking life only because there is far less of it, but to me it is important. As if there were at least two extra continents added to the world, and lightning excursions running to them at any moment between midnight and breakfast. Then again, the dream life, though queer and confusin
27、g and unsatisfactory in many respects, has its own advantages. The dead are there, smiling and talking. The past is there, some-times all broken and confused but occasionally as fresh as a daisy. And perhaps, the future is there too, waving at us. This dream life is often overshadowed by huge myster
28、ious anxieties, with luggage that cannot be packed and trains that refuse to be caught; and both persons and scenes there are not as dependable and solid as they are in waking life, so that Brown and Smith merge into one person while Robinson splits into two, and there are thick woods outside the ba
29、throom door and the dining-room is somehow part of a theater balcony; and there are moments of sorrow or terror in the dream world that are worse than anything else we have known under the sun. Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfactions, and, at certain rare intervals,
30、a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement, like glimpses of another form of existence altogether, that we cannot match with open eyes.（分数：10.00）(1).As for dreams, we can conclude that（分数：2.00）A.when the author has wonderful dreams, he will be happy for the whole day.B.if the author had too much terribl
31、e dreams, he would feel annoyed.C.the author wishes that he could make no fuss about any holiday.D.the author wishes that he could have more strange dreams.(2).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author is（分数：2.00）A.a child.B.an adult.C.a psychologist.D.a doctor.(3).What has the aut
32、hor never understood?（分数：2.00）A.Most people like sneezing or yawing.B.Most people consider dreaming to be all unimportant habit.C.Most people treat sneezing or yawning as an unimportant little habit.D.Most people regard dreaming as an unpleasant little habit.(4).The passage tells us that in the drea
33、m world there is/are（分数：2.00）A.nothing terrible or delightful.B.only moments of sorrow or terror.C.mysterious anxieties as well as enjoyments.D.only moments of peaceful glow or sudden excitement.(5).Brown, Smith and Robinson are（分数：2.00）A.dead friends of the writer.B.people you or I might know.C.liv
34、ing friends of the writer.D.some well-known people.There is a confused notion in the minds of many people that the gathering of the property of the poor into the hands of the rich does no ultimate harm, since in whosever hands it may be, it must be spent at last, and thus, they think, return to the
35、poor again. This fallacy has been again and again exposed; but granting the plea true, the same apology may, of course, be made for blackmail, or any other form of robbery. It might be (though practically it never is) as advantageous for the notion that the robber should have the spending of the mon
36、ey he extorts, as that the person robbed should have spent it. But this is no excuse for the theft. If I were to put a tollgate on the road where it passes my own gate, and endeavor to extract a shilling from every passenger, the public would soon do away with my gate, without listening to any pleas
37、 on my part that it was as advantageous to them, in the end, that I should spend their shillings, as that they themselves should. But if, instead of outfacing them with a tollgate, I can only persuade them to come in and buy stones, or old iron, or any other useless thing, out of my ground, I may ro
38、b them to the same extent and, moreover, be thanked as a public benefactor and promoter of commercial prosperity. And this main question for the poor of Englandfor the poor of all countriesis wholly omitted in every writing on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers themselves, the operation of
39、capital is regarded only in its effect on their immediate interests, never in the far more terrific power of its appointment of the kind and the object of labor. It matters little, ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything, but it matters fearfully what the thing is which he is comp
40、elled to make. If his labor is so ordered as to produce food, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low, the food and the fresh air and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them. But if he is paid to destroy food and fresh air, or to produce iron bars instead of th
41、em, the food and air will finally not be there, and he will not get them, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in political as in household economy, the great question is not so much what money you have in your pocket, as what you will buy with it and do with it.（分数：10.00）(1)
42、.The author gives the example of a tollgate in the first paragraph to indicate that（分数：2.00）A.it is an act of robbery.B.it is an impractical plan.C.it will break the law.D.it can make people rich.(2).The word “fallacy“(Paragraph 1) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.incorrect explanations.B.arbitrary dec
43、isions.C.reasonable excuses.D.logical errors in argument.(3).What is the “main question for the poor“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The poor are not the master of themselves.B.The poor fail to see the real power of the operation of capital.C.The poor do not understand tha
44、t they are buying things they do not need.D.The laborers are always deceived by the rich who pretend to be benefactors.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes（分数：2.00）A.there are few honest businessmen.B.the rich are the same as thieves in their accumulation of wealth.C.robb
45、ers are also benefactors to society seen from a different angle.D.equal distribution of property leads to increase of consumer demand.(5).It can be inferred that the author“s attitude toward the early stage of British industrialization should be one of（分数：2.00）A.ambiguity.B.indifference.C.disgust.D.
46、admiration.The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890“s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been speeded by the closing of the internal frontierthat is, the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of t
47、he American farming system. Not only was Turner“s thesis influential at the time, it was later adopted and elaborated by other scholars, such as John D. Hicks in The populist Revolt (1931). Actually, however, new lands were taken up for farming in the United States throughout and beyond the nineteen
48、th century. In the 1890“s, when agrarian discontent had become most acute, 1,100,000 new farms were settled, which was 500,000 more than had been settled during the previous decade. After 1890, under the terms of the Homestead Act and its successors, more new land was taken up for fanning than had been taken up for this purpose in the United states up until that time. It is true that a high proportion of the newly fanned land was suitable only for grazing and dry farming, but agricultural practices had become sufficiently advanced to make
