1、考研英语-试卷 41 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_How strange is the lot of us (1)_! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what pu
2、rpose he knows not, though he sometimes thinks he senses it. But without deeper (2)_ one knows from daily life that one exists for other peoplefirst of all for those upon whose smiles and well-being our own happiness is wholly (3)_, and then for the many unknown (4)_ us, (5)_ destinies we are bound
3、by the ties of sympathy. A hundred times every day I remind myself (6)_ my inner and outer life (7)_ the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure (8)_ I have received and am still receiving. I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am of
4、ten oppressively aware that I am engrossing an undue (9)_ of the labor of my fellow-men. I regard class distinctions as unjustified and in the last resort, based on force. I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, physically and (10)_. I do not at all (11)_ human freedo
5、m in the philosophical sense. Everybody acts not only under (12)_ compulsion but also (13)_ inner necessity. Schopenhauer“s saying “A man can do what he wants; (14)_ not want what he wants,“ has been a very real inspiration to me (15)_ my youth; it has been a continual consolation (16)_ life“s hards
6、hips, my own and (17)_, and an unfailing well-spring of tolerance. This realization mercifully mitigates the easily paralyzing sense of responsibility and prevents us from (18)_ ourselves and other people (19)_ seriously; it is (20)_ a view of life which, in particular, gives humor its due.（分数：40.00
7、）A.mortalsB.moralsC.immortalsD.mortalA.inflectionB.infectionC.affectionD.reflectionA.dependingB.dependentC.dependenceD.indepentA.toB.withC.forD.ofA.to whichB.to whoseC.with whomD.with whoseA.whatB.ofC.thatD.of whichA.are based onB.is based onC.are the basis ofD.is the basis ofA.thatB.whichC.asD.what
8、A.numberB.amountC.figureD.dataA.mentallyB.bodilyC.healthilyD.chemicallyA.believeB.trustC.believe inD.rely onA.externalB.outsideC.insideD.extensiveA.in accordance withB.in comparison withC.in collabaration withD.in combination withA.soB.thusC.butD.whileA.inB.duringC.sinceD.toA.in the face ofB.facingC
9、.in face toD.faced withA.other“sB.others“C.the other“sD.the others“A.takingB.thinkingC.bringingD.treatingA.too muchB.very tooC.all tooD.veryA.conduciveB.conductive toC.inducive toD.deductive to二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the foll
10、owing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it,
11、 as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?“ “And Paulwhy didn“t pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?“ When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it“s too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides the
12、ir real meaning. And if we don“t really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You“re a lucky dog.“ That“s being friendly. But “lucky dog“? There“s a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn“t see it himself. But bringing in the “dog“ bit puts you down a little. W
13、hat he may be saying is that he doesn“t think you deserve your luck. “Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for,“ is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he?
14、 Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn“t important. It“s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven“t got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone“s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talkin
15、g. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.how to i
16、nterpret what people sayB.what to do when you listen to others talkingC.how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with peopleD.why we go wrong with people sometimes(2).According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that _.（分数：2.00）A.we fall to listen carefully when they ta
17、lkB.people tend to be annoyed when we cheek what they sayC.people usually state one thing hut means anotherD.we tend to doubt what our friends say(3).In the second paragraph, “Maybe he doesn“t see it himself“, the pronoun “it“ refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.being friendlyB.a hit of envyC.lucky dogD.your luck
18、(4).When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is_.（分数：2.00）A.notice the way the person is talkingB.take a good look at the person talkingC.mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyesD.examine the real meaning of what he says based an his manner, his tone and h
19、is posture(5).The author most probably is a _.（分数：2.00）A.teacherB.psychologistC.philosopherD.doctor Text 2A moment“s drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the “needle“a sho
20、t of novocaine(奴佛卡因)that deadens the nerves around the tooth. Now it“s true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nervesand our brain, which is a bundle of nerveswe wou
21、ldn“t know what“s happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain. But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir(行僧) who sits on a bed of nails.
22、 Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain; This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, “This will hurt a little, it hel
23、ps us to accept the pain“. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation, we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all; although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is mainly ab
24、out_.（分数：2.00）A.how to stiffer painB.how to avoid painC.how to handle painD.how to stop pain(2).The sentence “But we pay for our sensitivity“ in the third paragraph implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.we should pay a debt for, our feelingB.we have to be hurt when We feel somethingC.our pain is worth feelingD.w
25、hen we feel pain, we are suffering it(3).When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.Indians are not at all afraid of painB.people may be senseless of painC.some people are able to handle painD.fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms(4).The most importan
26、t thing to handle pain is _.（分数：2.00）A.how we look at painB.to feel pain as much as possibleC.to show an interest in painD.to accept the pain reluctantly(5).The author“s attitude towards pain is _.（分数：2.00）A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.radicalD.practicalThirty-two people watched Kitty“ Genovese being k
27、illed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of them helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one“s fellow man? “Not so,“ say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the masons
28、 why people didn“t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma(昏迷) from diabetes(糖尿病)? Or is he about to sleep off a dr
29、unk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes“? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It“s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He
30、 must feel that he must help, or the person won“t get the help he needs. The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested“. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started the
31、m off on the “tests“. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room“ and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of these had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder. Eight out of ten of the stude
32、nts taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped. In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn“t. They do not feel any direct responsibility. Are p
33、eople bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person“s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions, were shaped by the actions of those they were with.
34、（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB.to explain when people will act in emergenciesC.to explain what people will do in emergenciesD.to explain how people feel in emergencies(2).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.When a
35、person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.B.When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth his help.C.A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.D.A person with a heart attack nee
36、ds help.(3).The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when _.（分数：2.00）A.they are in pairsB.they are in groupsC.they are aloneD.they are with their friends(4).The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they are af
37、raid of emergenciesB.they are reluctant to get themselves involvedC.others will act if they themselves hesitateD.they do not feel any direct responsibility for those who need help(5).The author suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.we shouldn“t blame a person if he fails to act in emergenciesB.a person must fee
38、l guilty if he fails to helpC.people should be responsible for themselves in emergenciesD.when you are in trouble, people will help you anywayIn 19601961, Chad(乍得) harvested 98,000 tons of cotton for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authoritie
39、s to get the peasants “back“ to work, as they had slacked off a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 19611962 total is back to the region of 45,000 tons, it is
40、mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late. The average date of sowing is about July 1st. ff this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30,000 to 60,000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet first, and it is hard t
41、o criticize this instinctive priority given to his “daily bread“. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologica
42、lly far more difficult if one“s pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged. Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult pealed between ha
43、rvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments. The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra mo
44、ney whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later. Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on whic
45、h all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized “by the people“, should at least be “for the people.“（分数：10.0
46、0）(1).In 19601961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton because_.（分数：2.00）A.the government greatly encouraged peasantsB.rains favored the growth of cottonC.Chad gained independence in the previous yearD.both A and B.(2).We learn from the passage that the date of sowing cotton is usually_.（分数：2.00）A.on
47、June 15thB.on July 15thC.on July 1stD.on July 20th(3).As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph, “daily bread“ refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.breakfastB.bread and butterC.riceD.millet(4).In order to help them through the difficult time between harvests the peasants have to_.（分数：2.00）A.sell cotto
48、n in advanceB.be encouraged to save moneyC.sow cotton in timeD.plant millet fast(5).Which of the following is NOT tree?（分数：2.00）A.Educational campaigns are very important to early sowing.B.Of all the advances that the writer hopes for, early sowing is the most important.C.Peasants should remain the masters of their fields.D.Government might as well make good and firm rule for peasants.4.Part B_
