1、考研英语-试卷 40 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_As many of the stories in this book are about man-eating tigers, it is perhaps (1)_ to
2、 explain why those animals (2)_ man-eating tendencies. A man-eating tiger is a tiger that has been compelled, through stress of circumstances beyond its (3)_ to adopt a diet alien to it. The stress of circumstances is, in nine cases out of ten, wounds, and in the tenth case old age. The wound that h
3、as caused (4)_ tiger to take up man-eating might be the result of a carelessly fired (5)_ and failure to follow up and (6)_ the wounded animal, or be the result Of the tiger having lost its temper when killing a porcupine. Human beings are not the natural prey of tigers, and it is only when tigers h
4、ave been (7)_ through wounds or old age that, in order to live, they are compelled to a diet of human flesh. They can no longer make a (8)_ of animal in (9)_ A tiger uses its teeth and claws when killing. When, therefore, a tiger is suffering (10)_ one or more painful wounds, or when its teeth are,
5、missing or defective and its claws (11)_ down, and it is unable to catch the animals it has been accustomed to eating, it is (12)_ by necessity to killing human beings. The (13)_ from animal to human flesh is, I believe, in most cases accidental. As (14)_ of what I mean by “accidental“ I quote the c
6、ase of the Muktesar man-eating tigers. This tigress, a comparatively young animal, in (15)_ with a porcupine lost an eye and got some fifty quills, (16)_ in length from one to nine inches, embedded under the (17)_ of her right foreleg. Suppurating (18)_ formed where she endeavoured to extract the qu
7、ills with her teeth, and while she was lying up in a thick (19)_ of grass, starving and licking her wounds, a woman selected this particular place to cut the grass as fodder for her cattle. At first the tigress took no notice, but when the woman had cut the grass right up to where she was lying the
8、tigress struck once, the blow (20)_ in the woman“s skull.（分数：40.00）A.wishfulB.desirableC.requiredD.neededA.formB.developC.shapeD.growA.controlB.ruleC.checkD.restraintA.a peculiarB.a particularC.a specialD.a soleA.shotB.cartridgeC.salvoD.dischargeA.retainB.obtainC.recoverD.repossessA.broken downB.unf
9、ittedC.disarmedD.incapacitatedA.preyB.victimC.bootyD.targetA.creepingB.huntingC.trailingD.stalkingA.ofB.fromC.byD.withA.wornB.groundC.rubbedD.shornA.sentB.forcedC.ledD.drivenA.alterationB.transferC.transitionD.change-overA.a demonstrationB.an imageC.a caseD.an illustrationA.a conflictB.a boutC.a con
10、testD.an encounterA.varyingB.variousC.variedD.fluctuatingA.padB.palmC.wadD.poreA.inflammationsB.soresC.woundsD.rashesA.tuftB.plotC.patchD.turfA.crashingB.crushingC.shovingD.shattering二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four
11、 texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative
12、 activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly cr
13、eative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. S
14、uch phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the r01e of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare“s Hamlet is not
15、 a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso“s painting Guernica primarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization theft transcends e
16、stablished limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form. This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new
17、principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth
18、. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart“s The Marriage of Figaro is
19、surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturne
20、d no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limitsthe rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bachin strikingly original ways.（分数：10.00）(1).The author considers a new theory that coherently relates div
21、erse phenomena to one another to be the_（分数：2.00）A.basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB.byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC.tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD.result of highly creative scientific activity(2).The passage supplies information for answe
22、ring all of the following questions EXCEPT _（分数：2.00）A.Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?B.Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also included Hat, del and Bach?C.Is Mozart“s The Marriage of Figaro an example of a creative work that transcended limits?D.W
23、ho besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principles of organization and to be of high aesthetic value?(3).The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with _（分数：2.00）A.deep skepticismB.strong indignationC.marked indiff
24、erenceD.moderate amusement(4).The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that_（分数：2.00）A.is cited with high frequency in. the publications of other scientistsB.is accepted immediately by the scientific communityC.does“t Jot relegate particulars to the role of damD.introduce
25、s a new valid generalization(5).Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of the passage?_（分数：2.00）A.Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modem composers, such as Stravinsky, did not transcend existing musical formsB.In similar fashion, existing mu
26、sical forms were even further exploited by the next generation of great European composersC.Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited by MonteverdiD.By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits isOf all the varie
27、ties of music which fill our concert halls, theaters, and nightclubs, only jazz is native American music. Symphonies and concertos, the ancestors of movie and television scores as well as of “serious“ or “legitimate“ electronic music, were first composed in Germany. Musical comedies descended from o
28、pera, which was first performed in Italy. And our ever-popular nightclub singers are the musical heirs of the French singers of chansons. The one form of music which did not originate in Europe and which is popular today worldwide is jazz. Jazz was born in New Orleans, the child of the Blacks. It dr
29、ew on the rhythms as well as the emotionalism of the African music of the Black ancestors, which had been transformed into ragtime and the blues. Improvisation was an indispensable element. Musicians were permitted, in solo performance, plenty of freedom to play in whatever variations just as their
30、creative mood happened to lead them along. But during the Swing era(1930s1950s), impromptu renditions gave way to arrangement. It was a period when jazz had its widest popular appeal with the big bands that boasted of such outstanding bandleaders as Duke Ellington, Glenn Miller and a whole galaxy of
31、 top-notch instrumentalists. Rock music in the 1960s is a sociological expression rather than a musical force and the rock arena was seen as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash, where American youngsters struggle to define and redefine their feelings and beliefs. Bob Dylon
32、touched a nerve of disaffection. He spoke of civil rights; nuclear fallout, and loneliness. He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older generation. “Something“s happening here,“ he sang. “You don“t know what it is, do you, Mr. Jones?“ Others entered the debate. The Beatles urged peace and
33、 piety with humor and maybe a little of help from drugs. Feelings, always a part of any musical statement, were a major subject. Elvis Presley became the pop icon, maybe because he acted out your wildest fantasies, brought out your subdued id, embodied your frustrated teenage spirit, and encouraged
34、your protest against traditional values. In this sense, rock is the music of teenage rebellion. All aspects of musicits exciting offbeat, loudness, self-absorbed lyrics and raving deliveryindicated a defiance of adult authority.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the best title of this passage?_（分数：2.00）A.The ori
35、gin of jazzB.The success of rock musicC.The contemporary jazz and rockD.The musical development from jazz to rock(2).Which of the following is true?_（分数：2.00）A.Ragtime originated with the big bands in the 1930sB.Ragtime and blues were based on African musicC.Ragtime and blues had not evolved until 1
36、950sD.Blues was performed by singers dressed in blue(3).According to the passage, improvisation was most popular_（分数：2.00）A.in the 1930sB.prior to 1930sC.after 1930sD.in the 1950s(4).The first sentence in Paragraph 3 can be best interpreted as_（分数：2.00）A.rock stars asking us to take our stand on pol
37、itical issuesB.rock stars helping our society to form its code of ethicsC.rock stars revealed their own problems and their social attitudesD.giving a clear definition to the words “beliefs“ and “feelings“(5).According to the passage, rockdom in the sixties was seen as_（分数：2.00）A.a radical cityB.a co
38、untry elementC.a forum for debateD.a collection of lyricsMost growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C.R. Bames has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. Certainly it is that
39、 all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plants and are built into essential pla
40、nt materials while in a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugarsthe base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant par
41、ts are generally 75 to 90 percent water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues. The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its develop
42、ment. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combinedin the presence of chlorophyll(叶落素) and with energy derived from lightto form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but con
43、tains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gaswater vaporto be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts
44、 of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors, the los
45、s of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates.（分数：10.00）(1).A growing plant needs water for all of the following except_（分数：2.00）A.for
46、ming sugarsB.sustaining woody stemsC.keeping greenD.producing carbon dioxide(2).The essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is_（分数：2.00）A.to form sugarsB.to derive energy from lightC.to preserve waterD.to combine carbon dioxide with water(3).The second paragraph uses facts to de
47、velop the basic idea that_.（分数：2.00）A.a plant efficiently utilizes most of the water it absorbsB.carbon dioxide is the essential substance needed for plant developmentC.a plant needs more water than is found in its compositionD.the stronger the wind, the more the water vapor loss(4).According to the
48、 passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?_（分数：2.00）A.The mineral elements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they are dissolved in its rootB.The woody stems contain more water than the leavesC.Air existing around the leaf is found to be saturatedD.Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plant is synthesized(5).The primary idea of the passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.the functions of carbon dioxide and waterB.the role of water in a growing plantC.the process
