1、考研英语-试卷 32及答案解析(总分：152.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early Protestant【C
2、1】_came to this country, they brought the【C2】_that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude , the Protestant work【C3】_, still【C4】_America today. Work is not only important for【C5】_benefits, the salary, but also for social and【C6】_needs, the【C7】_of doing something for the good of the society
3、. Americans spend most of their lives working,【C8】_productive. For most Americans , their work【C9】_them: They are what they do. What happens,【C10】_, when a person can no longer work? Most Americans stop working at age sixty-five or seventy and retire.【C11】_work is such an important part of life in t
4、his culture, retirement can be very difficult. Retirees often feel that they are useless and【C12】_. Of course, some people are happy to retire; but leaving one“s job,【C13】_it is, is a difficult change,【C14】_for those who look forward to retiring. Many retirees do not know【C15】_to use their time or t
5、hey feel lost without their jobs. Retirement can also bring【C16】_problems. Many people depend on Social Security checks every month.【C17】_their working years, employees【C18】_a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. Each employer【C19】_gives a certain percentage to the government. Whe
6、n people retire, they receive this money as【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.peopleB.immigrantsC.believersD.followers(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.mindB.ideaC.opinionD.point(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.roleB.habitC.ethicD.theory(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.affectsB.affluenceC.influencesD.effects(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.culturalB.trad
7、eC.commercialD.economic(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.psychologicalB.physicalC.materialD.physiological(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.feelingB.senseC.conditionD.libido(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.beB./C.areD.being(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.determinesB.controlsC.refinesD.defines(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.neverthelessB.yetC.thenD.however(11).【C11】（分
8、数：2.00）A.IfB.BecauseC.Even ifD.Like(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.unproducingB.unproductiveC.improducingD.unprodurable(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.howeverB.whatC.whateverD.how(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.yetB.anyhowC.no matterD.even(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.whereC.howD.what(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.psychologicalB.economicC.socia
9、lD.financial(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.DuringB.InC.AfterD.Before(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.sendB.contributeC.dedicateD.attribute(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.stillB.alsoC.alwaysD.seldom(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.rewardB.paymentC.interestD.income二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：12，分数：68.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part A
10、Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden sho
11、wer. But the desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible. You soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize that you have spent far too much time there. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think,
12、 the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart“s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?
13、“ You needn“t buy anything you don“t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop
14、 looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing, something which had only vaguely interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of th
15、e text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Booksellers must be both long suffering and indulgent. There is a story which well illustrates this. A medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He co
16、uldn“t obtain it from the library and the only copy he could find was in his bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and about to leave when he noticed
17、 the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to be reproached, he went toward him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book, which was tucked away in a corner. “I put it there in case anyone was tempted to buy it“, he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.Notes: to
18、 one“s heart“s content尽情地。beckon v. 打招呼。（分数：10.00）(1).You may spend too much time in a bookshop because _.（分数：2.00）A.the dust-jackets are very attractive.B.you start reading one of the books.C.it is raining outside.D.you have to make sure you don“t buy a dull book as a present.(2).According to the t
19、ext, in a good bookshop _.（分数：2.00）A.nobody takes any notice of you.B.the assistant greets you in a friendly way.C.your heart is contented.D.you feel that you are in a music shop.(3).It can be learned from the text that an assistant should offer you help _.（分数：2.00）A.as soon as you have entered the
20、shop.B.just before you finish browsing.C.only when you have finished reading.D.when he leads you to a particular section.(4).The author implies that it is very easy to enter a bookshop and buy _.（分数：2.00）A.a book on ancient coins.B.a best-selling novel on brass-rubbing.C.a book that only vaguely int
21、erests you.D.a book that unexpectedly fascinates you.(5).The textbook the medical student was interested in was tucked away in a corner _.（分数：2.00）A.to prevent anyone from buying it.B.because the medical student might take it away.C.in case the medical student was tempted to buy it.D.because it was
22、a rare and expensive book.When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But a growing number of studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong. Instead, the research finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data
23、 and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often to its long-term benefit. The studies are analyzed in a new edition of a neurology book, “Progress in Brain Research. “ Some brains do deteriorate with age. Alzheimer“s disease, for example, strikes 13 percent of Americans 65 and older. But
24、 for most aging adults, the authors say, much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact, like a name or a telephone number. Although that can be frustrating, it is often useful. “It may be that distractibility is not, in fact,
25、a bad thing,“ said Shelley H. Carson, a psychology researcher at Harvard whose work was cited in the book. “It may increase the amount of information available to the conscious mind. “ For example, in studies where subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phr
26、ases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down even more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not
27、 just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it. When both groups were later asked questions for which the out-of-place words might be answers, the older adults responded much better than the students. “For the young people, it“s as if the distraction never happene
28、d,“ said an author of the review, Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute. “But for older adults, because they“ve retained all this extra data, they“ re now suddenly the better problem solvers. They can transfer the
29、information they“ve soaked up from one situation to another. “ Such tendencies can yield big advantages in the real world, where it is not always clear what information is important, or will become important. A seemingly irrelevant point or suggestion in a memo can take on new meaning if the origina
30、l plan changes. Or extra details that stole your attention, like others“yawning and fidgeting, may help you assess the speaker“s real impact.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_.（分数：2.00）A.aging brains tend to process more information simultaneouslyB.one becomes forgetful when
31、 he gets oldC.older people don“t think their brainpower is decliningD.the aged always stress long-term benefit(2).Older adults tend to be forgetful because of_.（分数：2.00）A.their broader range of attentionB.the harm of Alzheimer“s diseaseC.their wide informationD.their frustration from limited attenti
32、on(3).The studies mentioned in Paragraph 3 suggest that_.（分数：2.00）A.it is advisable for the old to read slowlyB.out-of-place words are never negligibleC.there is nothing that can distract young peopleD.old people may be more attentive in face of distractions(4).What can we infer form the last paragr
33、aph?（分数：2.00）A.Old people“s forgetfulness turns to be their advantages.B.The meaning of a point in a memo is changing anytime.C.Wide attention is actually valuable in daily life.D.Extra details have impacts on one“s focus of attention(5).The text intends to tell us that_.（分数：2.00）A.a brain with dise
34、ase is a brain with wisdomB.an older brain may be a wiser brainC.brains do deteriorate with ageD.how an older brain processes informationAsia“s real boat-rocker is a growing China, not Japan, a senior American economist observed. There is so much noise surrounding and emanating from the world“s mira
35、cle economy that it is becoming cacophonous. In Washington, D.C., the latest idea is that China is becoming too successful, perhaps even dangerously so: while Capitol Hill resounds with complaints of trade surpluses and currency manipulation, the Pentagon and sundry think-tanks echo to a new drumbea
36、t of analysts worrying about China“s 12.6% annual rise in military spending and about whether it might soon have the ability to take preemptive military action to force Taiwan to rejoin it. So it may be no coincidence that for three consecutive weekends the streets of big Chinese cities have been fi
37、lled with the sounds of demonstrators marching and rocks being thrown, all seeking to send a different message: that Japan is the problem in Asia, not China, because of its wanton failure to face up to its history; and that by cosying up to Japan in security matters, America is allying with Asia“s p
38、ariah. Deafness is not the only risk from all this noise. The pressure towards protectionism in Washington is strong, and could put in further danger not only trade with China but also the wider climate for trade liberalisation in the Doha round of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). So far words ha
39、ve been the main weapons used between China and Japan, but there is a chance that nationalism in either or both countries could lead the governments to strike confrontational poses over their territorial disputes in the seas that divide them, even involving their navies. And the more that nationalis
40、t positions become entrenched in both countries but especially China, the more that street protests could become stirred up, perhaps towards more violence. All these issues are complex ones and, as is often the case in trade and in historical disputes, finding solutions is likely to be far from simp
41、le. A revaluation of the yuan, as demanded in Congress, would not rebalance trade between America and China, though it might help a little, in due course. A “sincere“ apology by Japan for its wartime atrocities might also help a little, but it would not suddenly turn Asia“s natural great-power rival
42、s into bosom buddies. For behind all the noise lies one big fact: that it is the rise of China, not the status or conduct of Japan, that poses Asia“s thorniest questions.（分数：10.00）(1).The “the world“s miracle economy“ in the beginning of the second paragraph refers to（分数：2.00）A.Asia“s real boat-rock
43、er.B.China“s economic success.C.Japan“s economic success.D.both China and Japan“s economic success.(2).What does the word “think-tanks“ (Paragraph 2) mean?（分数：2.00）A.Tanks that can think as human beings.B.An institute or group providing solutions for some problems.C.A group of authoritative people.D
44、.Scholars and professional men.(3).What is the reason for the demonstrations in the streets of big Chinese cities?（分数：2.00）A.China takes military action to force Taiwan to rejoin it.B.Japan is the problem in Asia, not China.C.Japan is unwilling to face up to its history.D.America is allying with Asi
45、a“s pariah.(4).How will the territorial disputes between China and Japan be settled according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.By words and negotiations.B.By their navies.C.By more violence.D.Unclear.(5).What is the main cause of the issues in Asia according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.Trade and historical dis
46、putes.B.The appreciation of the yuan.C.Japan“s refusal of apology for its wartime atrocities.D.The rise of China.Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sud
47、den shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book. You soon become absorbed in
48、 some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize that you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointmentwithout buying a book, of course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart“s content. If it is a good shop, no
