1、考研英语-试卷 2 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy (1)_ it to their pets. Market studies
2、 show that two thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to the dogs. (2)_, says William Tyznik, an expert in animal nutrition at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. “It has milk sugar in it,“ he says, “which dogs cannot (3)_ very well.“ (4)_ by that knowledge but aware of the desir
3、e of dog owners to (5)_ their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice creamand as much (6)_ to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid byproduct of cheese and milk with the sugar (7)_. Frosty Paws also contains refined soy
4、flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It (8)_ Tyznik, who has also invented a horse food (called Tizwhiz) and (9)_ dog food (named Tizbits), three years to (10)_ the Frosty Paws formulas, and two (11)_ to commercialize it. After losing $25,000 trying to market the invention himself, Ty
5、znik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westerville, Ohio, which makes the product and (12)_ it in cups. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested (13)_ and that “dogs love it“. Of 1,400 dogs that have been (14)_ the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first (15)_. Three out of
6、four (16)_ it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be (17)_ in the ice cream section of supermarkets, comes in (18)_ of three or four cups, costing about $1.79. What would happen (19)_ a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream? Nothing, says Tyznik. It“s (20)_, but frankly,
7、he says, it won“t taste very good.（分数：40.00）A.givingB.feedingC.sharingD.buyingA.SurprisinglyB.UnfortunatelyC.ThereforeD.InitiallyA.swallowB.consumeC.digestD.exudeA.BotheredB.ImpelledC.AnnoyedD.StimulatedA.pleaseB.raiseC.trainD.comfortA.contentmentB.satisfactionC.funD.luxuryA.includedB.includingC.rem
8、ovedD.removingA.costB.spentC.neededD.tookA.oneB.otherC.aD.anotherA.perfectB.superbC.excellentD.topA.temptationsB.attemptsC.temperanceD.tempsA.assemblesB.attachesC.packagesD.labelsA.extensivelyB.faithfullyC.delicatelyD.intensivelyA.receivedB.acceptedC.treatedD.offeredA.trialB.tryC.testD.practiceA.pre
9、ferredB.comparedC.attributedD.relatedA.bargainedB.negotiableC.availableD.displayedA.bundlesB.parcelsC.packetsD.packsA.providedB.whenC.thoughD.ifA.harmfulB.harmlessC.effectiveD.ineffective二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following
10、four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Eight months after Sep. 11, it is becoming increasingly apparent that various arms of the US government had pieces of information that, if put together, might have provided sketchy advance warning of the terrorist strikes to
11、come. The White House now acknowledges, that the CIA told President Bush in August that suspected members of A1 Qaeda had discussed the hijacking of airplanes. At the same time, FBI agents were increasingly suspicious of some Middle Eastern men training at US flight schools. Yet the US government di
12、dn“t pay attention to this information. “There are always these little indicators that come inof one sort or anotherthat don“t get enough decibels to receive attention,“ say former CIA Director Stansfield Turner. “The possibility of a traditional hijackingin the pre-9.11 sensehas long been a concern
13、 of the government,“ White House spokesman Ari Fleischer said. But “this was a new type of attack that was not foreseen.“ In deed, he said the warnings did not suggest commercial airliners would be used as missiles and that the general assumption was that any attack would occur abroad, not in the US
14、. Still, the White House says it did quietly alert several government agencies to the threat. Meanwhile, FBI agents were getting hints of the terrible plot. A classified memo drafted by the bureau reportedly warned in blunt language that Osama bin Laden might be linked to Middle Eastern men taking l
15、essons at US flight schools. Mr. Turner sees this as a painful and avoidable mistake. The basic reason for the lack of coordination and communication is “a very large intelligence bureaucracy that is very compartmentalized,“ says Charles Penia, a senior defense analyst at the Cato Institute. Today,
16、the disclosures raise a crucial question: Have recent reforms boosted Washington“s ability to pull together information from its many agenciesand thus disrupt future attacks? Indeed, since Sep. 11, the government has struggled to improve coordination. One change: FBI data is now merged with CIA inte
17、lligence in the president“s daily briefing. Another: A new command center near Washington was set up by White House Homeland Security. It“s one place the CIA, the FBI, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and others are able to coordinate and share information. It“s not clear yet whether they actually w
18、ill.（分数：10.00）(1).Which conclusion can NOT be drawn from the first three paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.The U.S. government should be partly responsible for 9.11.B.9.11 event could have been avoided.C.The U.S. government should have paid more attention to the warnings.D.The CIA is inevitably responsible for
19、its incorrect information.(2).According to the text, the White House（分数：2.00）A.has acknowledged its fault.B.didn“t receive the warning of the hijacking.C.warned its departments of the new attack.D.was unable to assess the situation correctly.(3).The basic reason for the mistake Washington has commit
20、ted is that（分数：2.00）A.it ignored the information from FBI.B.it did not pull together information.C.it did not communicate with other countries.D.it made slow responses to 9.11.(4).The government has made great effort to（分数：2.00）A.combine FBI and CIA.B.set up new information agencies.C.coordinate inf
21、ormation.D.reform its political system.(5).The text is most probably selected from（分数：2.00）A.a magazine.B.a book review.C.a fiction.D.a textbook.Dietary studies have suggested that people who consume large amounts of vitamin A in foods, multi vitamins, or both are more likely to suffer hip fractures
22、 than are people who ingest modest amounts. New evidence bolsters these findings. Researchers have now correlated men“s blood concentrations of vitamin A with a later incidence of broken bones: a comparison that avoids the vagaries that plague diet-recall studies. Taken together, the new work and th
23、e diet studies raise knotty questions about the maximum amount of vitamin A that a person can safely ingest each day, says study coauthor Karl Michasson, an orthopedic surgeon at University Hospital in Uppsala, Sweden. He and his colleagues report the new findings in Jan. 23 New England Journal of M
24、edicine. In the United States, the average daily intake of vitamin A through food, specially fish, eggs, and meat, is roughly 2,600 IU (international units) for men, and many multi-vitamins contain 5,000 IU. The US Institute of Medicine recommends that people get 2,300 to 3,000 IU of vitamin A each
25、day and sets the safe upper limit around 10,000 IU. “I believe tiffs upper level should be lowered,“ Michasson says. When he and his colleagues gave the men dietary questionnaires, they learned that men ingesting as little as 5,000 IU of vitamin A per day were more prone to fractures than were men g
26、etting less. Manufacturers should lower the amount of vitamin A in multi-vitamin tablets and fortified foods, such as cereals, says Michasson. The new study began in the early 1970s when researchers stored blood samples from 2,047 men about 50 years old. Since then, 266 of the men have had at least
27、one bone fracture. After dividing the men into five equal groups according to their blood vitamin A concentrations, the researchers found that men in the top group were nearly twice as likely as those in the middle group to have broken a bone. The correlation was particularly strong with fractures o
28、f the hip. “I think it“s pretty conclusive now that there“s a bad effect of vitamin A supplementation,“ says Margo A. Denke, an endocrinologist at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. Elderly people may be at special risk because they“re slow to clear the vitamin from their
29、 bodies. Studies of animals have established that excess vitamin A stimulates the formation of cells that dissolve bone. However, since some vitamin A is necessary to maintain good eyesight and general health, Denke and Michasson agree that fully fortified foods and supplements should remain availab
30、le in countries where poor nutrition puts people at risk of a vitamin A deficiency.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the text that（分数：2.00）A.a man taking large amounts of vitamin A will suffer hip fractures.B.the maximum of vitamin A a man takes every day should be within 3,000 IU.C.the more a man con
31、sumes vitamin A every day, the higher chance he suffers hip fracture.D.the less a man consumes vitamin A every day, the higher chance he stands of good health.(2).The word “bolsters“(Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.hinders.B.negates.C.supports.D.switches.(3).Michasson may NOT supp
32、ort the idea to（分数：2.00）A.lower the recommended safe upper limit of vitamin A amount.B.produce vitamin A supplement pills with less vitamin A in them.C.prevent people from eating cereals in their everyday meals.D.lower the amount of vitamin A in fortified food and supplements.(4).High concentration
33、of vitamin A may lead to fracture because（分数：2.00）A.elderly people are slow in digesting vitamin A.B.the absorption of excessive vitamin A makes people near-sighted.C.it helps produce cells that weaken the bones of human beings,D.vitamin A stays in human body for a long timid.(5).The passage is main
34、ly about（分数：2.00）A.the harmful effect of vitamin A.B.vitamin A and fractures.C.vitamin A and human health.D.vitamin A deficiency.Over the last twenty years, scholarly and popular writers have analyzed and celebrated the worlds of leisure and entertainment in the burgeoning cities of mid-nineteenth-c
35、entury America, greatly expanding the literature on these subjects. They have found an enthusiastic readership by offering glimpses of modes of leisure, performance, and charlatanism that passed from the scene in the early 20th century, indicating how lively they were and how comparatively impoveris
36、hed our own entertainment choices have become in an era dominated by corporate electronic media. Many scholars have been lured into a fascination with the extinct demimonde of dime museums, exhibition hails, saloons, and industrial exhibitions. During this period entertainment relied upon artful dec
37、eption, comparable in importance to such contemporary forms of amusement as minstrelsy and melodrama. The cultural activities were forms of representational play in which spectators are caused to doubt their perceptions and judgment. Entertainments that tricked, or duped the paying public flourished
38、 in America“s cities in the 19th century. What distinguished these cohorts of entertainers, was not their ability to perpetrate fraud but that they understood the dynamics of a new urban audience that enjoyed distinguishing the genuine from the fake and the authentic from the concocted. The willing
39、audience for artful deceptions maintained a double consciousness in which it simultaneously marveled at the qualities of the object or action displayed while enjoying the act of appraising the quality, audacity, and performance of the deception. By offering semiotic analyses of a range of Victorian
40、performances, we learn there was more to these exhibitions than appeared at first viewing. The tricks and lures of these entertainers deserve a more than marginal position in American cultural history.（分数：10.00）(1).The author thinks current entertainment is relatively poor because（分数：2.00）A.it doesn
41、“t have enough charlatanism.B.it is controlled by corporate electronic media.C.there is a lack of vigor in current entertainment.D.people“s tastes have changed for the worse.(2).It can be learned that the types of entertainment of mid-nineteenth century（分数：2.00）A.have become increasingly popular amo
42、ng scholars since the 80“s.B.were so sophisticated that audiences couldn“t understand.C.actually involved very little actual fraud and double consciousness.D.discouraged people from suspecting their perceptions.(3).We can infer that entertainment in 1845 was based on（分数：2.00）A.melodrama.B.double con
43、sciousness.C.electronic media,D.artful deception.(4).The text suggests that（分数：2.00）A.the entertainment changed as society became more skeptical.B.the skills the entertainment employed were part of its ultimate demise.C.the entertainment made use of its understanding of human nature.D.the entertainm
44、ent served a minor role in the lives of people.(5).The purpose of the author in writing the text is that（分数：2.00）A.we should regard such entertainment as an important part of our cultural heritage.B.we should improve the entertainment in form and quality today.C.we should never underestimate the ski
45、lls used by people in the 19th century.D.we need to make more people aware of this unique form of entertainment.The growth of cell phone users in the U.S. has tapered off from the breakneck pace of 50% annually in the late 1990s to what analysts project will be a 15% to 20% rise in 2002, and no more
46、 than that in 2003. To some extent, numerous surveys have found, slower growth in demand reflects consumer disillusionment with just about every aspect of cell-phone serviceits reliability, quality, and notorious customer service. The cooling off in demand threatens to cascade through the industry:
47、The big six U.S. cell-phone carriersVerizon Wireless, Cingular Wireless, ATT Wireless, Sprint PCS, Voice Stream, and Nextel Communicationsare engaged in a fierce price war that imperils their timetables for becoming profitable, not to mention their efforts to whittle down their mountains of debt. As
48、 the carriers have begun to cut costs wireless equipment makerscompanies such as Lucent, Nokia, and Ericsson have been left with a market that“s bound to be smaller than they had anticipated. Handset makers have been insulated so far, but they, too face a nagging uncertainty. They“ll soon introduce advanced phones to the U.S. market that will run on the new networks the carriers are starting up over the next year or two. But the question then will be: Will Americans embrace these snazzy data features and their higher costswith the wild
