1、考研英语-试卷 29 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_For those who regard the al-Jazeera TV channel as a biased, anti-western mouthpiece fo
2、r Osama bin Laden, the announcement that it will start broadcasting 24 hours a day in English next year will be unwelcome. Its likeliest audience is Muslims (1)_ the Middle East who do not speak Arabic. Will al-Jazeera“s reports of suffering and rage in Iraq and beyond inspire anger (2)_ America and
3、 its (3)_ at home, too? The new service may prove a bit less (4)_ than its Arabic sibling. Nigel Parsons, its managing editor, says that al-Jazeera has been too strident on (5)_ in the past, and that the English channel will (6)_ to redress that. It will strive (7)_ balance, credibility and authorit
4、y, he says, and it will signal a new maturity for al-Jazeera, which was started by the emir of Qatar in 1996. It will broadcast its own original contentnews, documentaries and talk shows(8)_ studios in Doha, London and Washington, (9)_ international news beyond the Middle East. especially the develo
5、ping countries often (10)_ by existing English-language channels. A1-Jazeera is already enjoying a fresh burst of (11)_ outside the Middle East. Around the same time that the interim government in Iraq ordered it to shut its bureau in Baghdad, westerners started watching “Control Room“, a film sympa
6、thetic (12)_ the station directed by Jehane Noujaim. At a screening in London last week an audience of local journalists laughed along (13)_ al-Jazeera“s reporters and editors (14)_ the (15)_ of the American military. The biggest mystery about al-Jazeera surround its funding, which “Control Room“ sa
7、dly did not (16)_. Qatar has a new (17)_ in the world (18)_ to the station. That may be why the emir is willing to spend (19)_ an English-language channel even (20)_ the original Arabic one is probably losing money.（分数：40.00）A.outsideB.insideC.inD.outA.onB.atC.withD.againstA.enemiesB.partnersC.allie
8、sD.supportersA.contentiousB.controversialC.competitiveD.competentA.circumstanceB.occasionC.timeD.eventsA.seekB.lookC.aimD.searchA.toB.onC.atD.forA.inB.atC.onD.fromA.dealingB.containingC.coveringD.involvingA.forgottenB.neglectedC.desertedD.disregardedA.interestB.noticeC.appealD.attentionA.toB.withC.a
9、boutD.onA.withB.atC.aboutD.toA.onB.aboutC.atD.inA.sacrificeB.expenseC.costD.priceA.searchB.researchC.probeD.examineA.prominenceB.fameC.statusD.importanceA.due toB.because ofC.thanks toD.owing toA.inB.onC.atD.withA.thatB.sinceC.althoughD.though二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Readi
10、ng Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._William Shakespeare described old age as “second childishness“sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste. In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, have been even more per
11、ceptive than he realized. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimer“s Disease in Brescia, Italy, shows that one form of senile dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression, if not to infancy, then at
12、 least to a patient“s teens. Frontotemporal dementia is caused, as its name suggests, by damage to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech, and with such “higher“ functions as abstract thinking and judgment. Frontotemporal damage therefore produces different symptom
13、s from the loss of memory associated with Alzheimer“s disease, a more familiar dementia that affects the hippocampus and amygdala in the middle of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia is also rarer than Alzheimer“s. In the past five years the centre in Brescia has treated some 1,500 Alzheimer“s patien
14、ts; it has seen only 46 with frontotemporal dementia. Two of those patients interested Dr. Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-year-old housewife. Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementiaa diagnosis that was confirmed by
15、 brain scanning. About two years after he was first diagnosed, the lawyer, once a classical music lover who referred to pop music as “mere noise“, started listening to the Italian pop band “883“. As his command of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, he continue
16、d to listen to the band at full volume for many hours a day. The housewife had not even had the lawyer“s love of classical music, having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past. But about a year after her diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her 11-year-old granddaughter was li
17、stening to. This kind of change in musical taste was not seen in any of the Alzheimer“s patients, and thus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia. And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal dememia patients sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed art
18、istic abilities are known. And in another lapse of musical taste, one woman with the disease suddenly started composing and singing country and western songs. Dr. Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novel experiences. Previous studies of novelty-se
19、eking behavior suggest that it is managed by the brain“s right frontal lobe. A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the latter, might thus lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively, the damage may have affected some specific neural circuit that is needed
20、to appreciate certain kinds of music. Whether that is a gain or a loss is a different matter. As Dr. Frisoni puts it in his article, De Gustibus Non Disputandum Est. Or, in plainer words, there is no accounting for taste.（分数：10.00）(1).For Shakespeare, old age as “second childishness“ for they have t
21、he same_.（分数：2.00）A.favoriteB.memoryC.experienceD.sense(2).Which one is NOT a symptom of Frototemporal dementia?（分数：2.00）A.The loss of memory.B.The loss of judgment.C.The loss of abstract thinking.D.The loss of speech.(3).From the two patients mentioned in the passage, it can be concluded that_.（分数：
22、2.00）A.their command of language has deterioratedB.their emotional attachments to friends and family are being lostC.the Frontotemporal dementia can bring new gillsD.Frontotemporal dementia can cause patients to change their musical tastes(4).The “novel“ in the last paragraph means_.（分数：2.00）A.histo
23、rical.B.specialC.story-likeD.strange(5).From the passage, it can be inferred that_.（分数：2.00）A.the damage of the left frontal lobe may affect some specific neural circuitB.the lawyer patient has the left frontal lobe damagedC.the damage of the left frontal lobe decreased the appreciation of certain k
24、inds of musicD.every patient has the same tasteIn Don Juan Lord Byron wrote, “Sweet is revengeespecially to women“. But a study released on Wednesday, supported by magnetic resonance imaging, suggests that men may be the more natural avengers. In the study, when male subjects witnessed people they p
25、erceived as had guys being stroke by a mild electrical shock, their M.R.I. scans lit up in primitive brain areas associated with reward. Their brains“ empathy centers remained dull. Women watching the punishment, in contrast, showed no response in centers associated with pleasure. Even though they a
26、lso said they did not like the bad guys, their empathy centers still quietly glowed. The study seems to show for the first time in physical terms what many people probably assume they already know: that women are generally more empathetic than men, and that men take great pleasure in seeing revenge
27、exacted. Men “expressed more desire for revenge and seemed to feel satisfaction when unfair people were given what they perceived as deserved physical punishment“, said Dr Tania Singer, the lead researcher, of the Welcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at University College London. But far from
28、condemning the male impulse for retribution, Dr. Singer said it had an important social function: “This type of behavior has probably been crucial in the evolution of society as the majority of people in a group are motivated to punish those who cheat on the rest“. The study is part of a growing bod
29、y of research that is attempting to better understand behavior and emotions by observing simultaneous physiological changes in the brain, a technique now attainable through imaging. “Imaging is still in its early days but we are transitioning from a descriptive to a more mechanistic type of study“,
30、said Dr. Klaas Enno Stephan, a co-author of the paper. Dr. Singer“s team was simply trying to see if the study subjects“ degree of empathy correlated with how much they liked or disliked the person being punished. They had not set out to look into sex differences. To cultivate personal likes and dis
31、likes in their 32 volunteers, they asked them to play a complex money strategy game, where both members of a pair would profit if both behaved cooperatively. The ranks of volunteers were infiltrated by actors told to play selfishly. Volunteers came quickly to “very much like“ the partners who were c
32、ooperative, while disliking those who hided rewards, Dr. Stephan said. Effectively conditioned to like and dislike their game-playing partners, the 32 subjects were placed in scanners and asked to watch the various partners receive electrical shocks. On scans, both men and women seemed to feel the p
33、ain of partners they liked. But the real surprise came during scans when the subjects viewed the partners they disliked being shocked. “When women saw the shock, they still had an empathetic response, even though it was reduced“. Dr. Stephan said. “The men had none at all“. Furthermore, researchers
34、found that the brain“s pleasure centers lit up in males when just punishment was meted out. The researchers cautioned that it was not clear if men and women are born with divergent responses to revenge or if their social experiences generate the responses. Dr. Singer said larger studies were needed
35、to see if differing responses would be seen in cases involving revenge that did not involve pain. Still, she added. “This investigation would seem to indicate there is a predominant role for men in maintaining justice and issuing punishment“.（分数：10.00）(1).Lord Byron“s words mean_.（分数：2.00）A.Women ar
36、e crueler than menB.Revenge on women is sweeterC.Women feel sweeter with revenge than menD.Women love to revenge(2).According to the text, Dr. Singer“s attitude “to male revenge impulse is_.（分数：2.00）A.sympatheticB.detachedC.positiveD.negative(3).According to the text, the study is originally aimed_.
37、（分数：2.00）A.to show sex differences on revengeB.to better understand human“s behavior and emotionsC.to cultivate personal likes and dislikesD.to see if the degree of empathy is connected with personal likes and dislikes“(4).The word “infiltrated“(Para. 5) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.actedB.mixedC.taug
38、htD.filtrated(5).Dr. Singer thinks men are more suitable to maintain justice and issue punishment than women because_.（分数：2.00）A.men“s brain“s empathy centers remained dull when punishment was executedB.women“s pleasure centers were lit up with punishment implementedC.men have no response when seein
39、g punishment executedD.men had different experiences from womenWhen, in 1976, John Midgley was awarded the CBE for telling readers of The Economist about the United States, he took particular delight in the fact that he went by bus from work to accept the decoration from Queen Elizabeth (who was sta
40、ying in Blair House in Washington), and was in and out quick enough, drinking up a gin and tonic without a stop, to use the transfer ticket to go out to dinner. He was a print hack all his life, spending freely on fun and friends, but never bothering to make his name known or his wallet fatter, with
41、 books or broadcasting. The possessor of free intelligence, he was not on a soap-box, or concentrated on influencing the great and good, though he got their attention just the same. His job, he once said, “was to assist the reading public to understand what was going on“. He conveyed his liberal vie
42、w of the world with great clarity but “if you can“t give people useful information, you can shut up“. He finally did shut up, just before Christmas. Midgley, born in the working-class north of England in 1911, was in military intelligence during the Second World War, trying to work out Germany“s int
43、entions. He then turned to journalism, dodging for a time between The Economist, the (then) Manchester Guardian and the Times. as leader writer and foreign correspondent. In 1956 he landed on The Economist and, luckily for us, stayed there, until and beyond his retirement, contributing a book review
44、 days before he died. He was foreign editor for seven years, pulling foreign coverage together in (his own words) “a reasonably satisfactory manner“. He was a brilliant, scary teacher to a classroom of aspiring hacks, not lazily rewriting their pathetic stories but throwing them back to be redone, w
45、ith advice that bums to this day. He also less brilliantly, sent Kim Philby, whom he had known at Cambridge, to string for the paper from Beirut. until the spy“s mask fell off and he fled to the Soviet Union. In 1963, after a bit of an upheaval at The Economist, he went off to be Washington correspo
46、ndent and, from then on, everything fell into place. He excelled at his job, lucidly explaining American affairs even to Americans themselves as well as to the rest of the world. He married Elizabeth. a producer at CBS, and they looked after each other with love and wit. Their house in north-west Wa
47、shington was a warm and lovely meeting-place. His was a good life, the second half especially.（分数：10.00）(1).John Midgley was NOT fond of_.（分数：2.00）A.making funsB.making friendsC.making himself famousD.truth editing(2).He worked in all the following places at one time or another EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.Th
48、e TimesB.Washington and CBSC.The Economist“D.The Manchester Guardian(3).From the second, paragraph, we can conclude John Midgley_.（分数：2.00）A.didn“t get any attention from anyoneB.expressed his personal viewC.was successful in his careerD.gave lot of useless information(4).What does it mean by “he was not on a soap-box“ in the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.He was not showing off.B.He was high enough.C.He didn“t like to stand on a soap-box.D.He needn“t to be on a soap-box.(5).It can be
