1、考研英语-试卷 288及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_High oil prices have not yet produced an economic shock among consuming countries, but
2、 further rises, especially sharp (1)_, would undoubtedly hurt the world economy, and (2)_ would inevitably harm producers, too. Beyond this obvious point, (3)_, higher prices could even do harm to both oil firms and producers.Big oil firms (4)_ rolling in money today, but that disguises the fact tha
3、t their longer-term prospects are (5)_. Behind the reserves-accounting scandal at Royal Dutch/ Shell (6)_ a problem bedeviling all of the majors: replacing their dwindling reserves. (7)_ existing fields in Alaska and the North Sea are rapidly declining, OPEC countries and Russia are (8)_ them out. (
4、9)_ they are to survive in the long term, the big oil firms must embrace other sources of energy (10)_ oil. (11)_ it is to believe, higher oil prices could be bad news for producing countries (12)_. Political leaders in Russia, Venezuela and other oil-rich countries are bending laws to crack (13)_ o
5、n foreign firms and to strengthen their grip on oil (14)_ through state-run firms. This may be convenient for the political leaders themselves. Alas, it is (15)_ to do much for their countrymen. For years corruption and inefficiency (16)_ the typical results of government control of oil resources. P
6、roducing countries should (17)_ embrace open markets. (18)_ one thing, shutting out foreign investment will only hurt their own oil output by (19)_ the sharpest managers and latest technologies. For another, economic liberalisation (including reform of bloated welfare states) would help OPEC countri
7、es (20)_ their economiesas the NAFTA trade deal has done for oil-rich Mexicoand so prepare them for the day when the black gold starts running out.（分数：40.00）A.onesB.shockC.pricesD.countriesA.thisB.thatC.whichD.whatA.butB.soC.howeverD.neverthelessA.mayB.perhapsC.maybeD.may beA.bleakB.leakC.weakD.frea
8、kA.isB.hasC.liesD.doesA.AsB.Just asC.So asD.Even asA.preventingB.shuttingC.closingD.keepingA.IfB.Even ifC.WhetherD.HowA.asideB.fromC.besideD.aside fromA.For hardB.As hardC.Very hardD.As hard asA.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.as wellA.downB.upC.outD.fromA.incomesB.revenuesC.paymentD.contributionsA.likelyB.unlik
9、eC.unlikelyD.alikeA.isB.areC.has beenD.have beenA.in place ofB.insteadC.ratherD.rather thanA.ForB.ToC.OfD.InA.concludingB.includingC.excludingD.exploringA.verifyB.purifyC.diversifyD.multiply二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the followi
10、ng four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Rarely has a national security issue of major importance become a subject of distortion and spin like the debate over the intelligence reform bill on Capitol Hillthe outcome of which will determine how US intelligence agen
11、cies and their military function for a generation to come. This is particularly true of the heated debate now taking place over how much power should be given to a new director of national intelligence. Along with House Armed Services Committee Chairman Duncan Hunter, one of the most respected defen
12、se experts on Capitol Hill, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and other elements within the Defense Department have raised serious questions about the far-reaching authority granted to the intelligence director under the Senate version of the bill. Specifically, Mr. Hunter believes that the Senate bill woul
13、d interfere with the military“s access to intelligence on the battlefield. Right now, Mr. Hunter points out, Army units, Marines and US special forces use intelligence gleaned from overhead satellites to target enemy troops. In order to do this, they need to work closely with combat support agencies
14、 like the National Security Agency and National Reconnaissance Office. It is essential that there be a well-functioning chain of command between the American troops on the ground, the Defense Department and the people who operate the satellites. This was particularly critical during the recent fight
15、ing in Fallujah, where American troops relied on satellite photos to watch the terrorists they were seeking to kill. Although President Bush has agreed to the Senate proposal, administration officials acknowledge there is real concern that its version of the bill could undercut a system that is work
16、ing well. As one official told this newspaper on Monday, the Senate measure could produce the following scenario: Every time the generals want to move a satellite to help a commander quickly obtain overhead images of the enemy or intercepted communications, they would have to get the approval of the
17、 new director of national intelligence. Noting the Fallujah experience, Mr. Hunter adds that the Senate bill “translates into ineffectiveness on the battlefield and, at worse, combat casualties“. When asked to give his opinion on the Senate bill and an alternative measure proposed by Mr. Hunter that
18、 would preserve the current chain of command, Gen. Richard Myers, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, endorsed the California Republican lawmaker“s version. So, too, have the heads of the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps and Navy. The truth is that the very idea of shifting control of defense in
19、telligence agencies away from the Pentagon (as embodied in the Senate bill) is a proposal to “fix“ a non-existent problem, When Thomas Kean and Lee Hamilton, chairman and vice chairman of the September 11 commission, testified on Capitol Hill, both acknowledged in response to a question from Mr. Hun
20、ter their panel had come across no specific instance of a failure or negligence on the part of a Department of Defense agency. Unfortunately, the response from some senators and some sectors of the press to Mr. Hunter“s substantive concerns has been to portray him as undermining national security in
21、 order to preserve his bureaucratic turf. At one level, these charges are slanderous, given that Mr. Hunter“s son, a Marine, just completed a tour of duty in Iraq. Chairman Hunter is trying to protect his son, and all other young heroesnot his turf. If supporters of the Senate bill have substantive
22、arguments to make that would explain why they are right and the Joint Chiefs and Mr. Hunter are wrong, they should make them. If not, they should accede to the House position. If the Senate refuses to budge, then the best course of action would be to re-visit the issue next year.（分数：10.00）(1).The be
23、st title for this passage might be（分数：2.00）A.The Effects Fallujah Fight Brings.B.A Debate Between Duncan Hunter and Some Senators.C.A Debate on the Intelligence Reform Bill.D.Duncan Hunter, A Respected Defense Expert.(2).The word “gleaned“ (Line 2, Paragraph 3) could be probably replaced by（分数：2.00）
24、A.gathered.B.come.C.piled.D.originated.(3).Mr. Hunter disagrees to the intelligence reform bill for the following reasons EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.he believes that the bill might interfere with the military“s access to intelligence on battlefield.B.he thinks that the bill might translate into ineffectivenes
25、s on the battlefield.C.he believes that the idea of shifting control of defense intelligence agencies away from the Pentagon is a proposal to fix a non-existent problem.D.he thinks that the bill might at last cause combat casualties.(4).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：2.0
26、0）A.The chain of command between the American troops on the ground, the Defense Department and the satellites operator is effective during the Fallujah fight.B.The result of the debate will decide how much power should be given to the director of national intelligence.C.Administration officials are
27、greatly appreciated for Mr. Bush“s agreement of the Senate proposal.D.Mr. Hunter is undermining national security in order to preserve his bureaucratic turf.(5).The author“s attitude toward the intelligence reform bill is（分数：2.00）A.positive.B.biased.C.negative.D.objective.Ever since John Burrows and
28、 his wife Carol opened their first hair salon in 1983, they have been taking on apprentices. “In my generation, an apprenticeship was the way to learn a trade so it was the obvious way for us to get the skilled staff we needed,“ Mr. Burrows says. Today, the Burrows“ salon, Upper Cut in Weston-super-
29、Mare, employs 35 people. Of the 16 stylists, 13 progressed through apprenticeships and Mr. Burrows believes a strong culture of training is integral to the company“s success. “Without the apprenticeships scheme our business wouldn“t be anything like the size it is today,“ Mr. Burrows says. The high-
30、quality training the apprenticeships provide guarantees growth. The more skills staff have, the more effective a business will become. Although Mr. Burrows is an advocate of the scheme, he concedes that occasionally he has suffered problems. They have experienced episodes of theft, poor time keeping
31、 and bad discipline, but these are the sort of thing you get when you employ any number of staff. “Sometimes we have to ask apprentices to leave but often they sort themselves out. One year we had 100 percent completion rate, but our average is around 80 percent, which is double the national rate.“
32、“There is a risk for small businesses but you can help minimize the potential for problems by looking at the person“s history and background.“ If Mr. Burrows had one criticism of the scheme, it is that the National Vocational Qualification certificates are very difficult for many of the apprentices
33、to pass. “The qualifications are not easymany of the youngsters on the scheme are not academically great and they find it difficult. They need a lot of one-to-one coaching and a lot of help to be able to pass. But when they do it can be extremely gratifying.“ One of our apprentices was a girl who wa
34、s dyslexic and had been expelled from a couple of schools. She was difficult at first but the other girls in the salon helped her develop and she went on to achieve NVQ level four. Now she is working full-time and helping other girls through the scheme. Another small company making use of the appren
35、ticeship scheme is the Topiary Tree, a floristry business with two shops in Malton and Helmsley, North Yorkshire. With only three full-time employees it is one of the smallest businesses in the country to have taken on an apprentice. Gemma Magson, the manager of the business, wanted an apprentice be
36、cause she was once one herself and wanted to offer someone else the opportunity she had. Her apprentice, also called Gemma, spends four days a week at the shop in Malton and one day a week at the Askham Bryan Training College in York. “The business has really benefited from having Gemma around,“ Ms.
37、 Magson says.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Mr. Burrows, the apprenticeship scheme（分数：2.00）A.is the only way to begin a career in his generation.B.can help him find the qualified staff he wanted.C.is the most important factor to the company“s success.D.secures his business to confront no problems all al
38、ong.(2).The criticism of Mr. Burrows toward the scheme implies that（分数：2.00）A.he is very angry for many of his apprentices“ failing in acquiring the NVQ certificates.B.those who have physical defects can impossibly pass the exams for NVQ.C.the apprentices who have got NVQ certificates always choose
39、to leave for an other place.D.NVQ is so difficult that he has to spend more time in teaching the youngsters.(3).From the text, we can infer that（分数：2.00）A.most of the apprentices in Mr. Burrows“ shops can complete the scheme.B.there is no appropriate way to avoid the apprentices“ theft or lateness i
40、n the shop.C.whether they pass the NVQ or not, the apprentices always feel cheerful.D.during the course of obtaining the NVQ, the apprentices are just rivals, not friends.(4).The apprenticeship can bring Gemma Magson many benefits NOT because it（分数：2.00）A.makes her free up some time to get on with o
41、ther things.B.brings many creative ideas to her for innovating her shops.C.helps her to offer someone else the opportunity to learn a trade.D.saves her a lot of energies to expand the business.(5).The chief viewpoint of the text is to（分数：2.00）A.introduce the present situation of apprentices.B.demons
42、trate the importance of apprenticeship.C.show how to choose an excellent apprentice.D.compare the differences between two companies in using the apprenticeship.President Bush“s re-election already has resulted in more funds for one of the election“s pivotal “moral values“ issuesabstinence education.
43、 Congress last weekend included more than $131 million for abstinence programs in its $388 billion spending bill. This represents an increase of $30 million for programs that teach middle-and high-school youths that sexual abstinence until marriage is the best choice. The new funding is far less tha
44、n the $100 million Mr. Bush requested, but it marks a “record level of funding“, said leaders of the National Abstinence Clearinghouse in Sioux Falls, S. D. Public debates about the merits of teaching abstinence-until-marriage versus abstinence-plus-contraception are likely to continue: A national e
45、valuation of abstinence-until-marriage programs has been delayed, with a final report not expected until 2006, said a spokesman for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The Bush administration has fueled this debate by steadily increasing federal funds for abstinence education, which h
46、as been outmatched for decades by funding for family planning, HIV/AIDS and other sex education that primarily teaches about birth control, condoms and disease prevention. “We have said that funding for abstinence education.ought to be on at least equal footing with other sex education programs,“ Wh
47、ite House spokesman Scott McClellan said Nov. 17 at the nomination of White House domestic policy adviser Margaret Spellings as Department of Education secretary. “The president is an advocate of abstinence-education programs because he wants to focus on what works,“ Mr. McClellan said, noting that
48、Mrs. Spellings supports abstinence-based education in schools. William Smith of the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States challenged the idea that abstinence education has been “proven effective“. “No sound study exists that shows that these programs have any long-term beneficial impact on young people“s sexual behavior,“ Mr. Smith said. “The fact the president“s nominee for the nation“s top teacher supports these programs is particularly disturbing.“ When it comes to children“s sexual behavior, the primary message
