1、考研英语-试卷 286 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to l
2、eave (1)_ jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public (2)_ polls. Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in types of work were (3)_ for men and that women should step aside to make (4)_ for unemployed young men. They argue that women,
3、 especially women in their child-bearing years. (5)_ delay economic development and result (6)_ lower productivity, poor quality and inefficiency. To solve the problem, they suggested that working women stay at home (7)_ their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that (8)_ these
4、circumstances, families would (9)_ their same level of income, and women could run the house and (10)_ children much better. The suggestion, (11)_, has been flatly rejected by 9 out of 10 people (12)_. Some other people have suggested another way (13)_ “phased employment “theory. The theory suggests
5、 that a woman worker take (14)_ from her job when she is seven months pregnant and stay off the job (15)_ her baby reaches the age of 3.It suggests that women (16)_ leave receive 75 percent of their (17)_ salary and be allowed to return to work after the three-year period. This will (18)_ children,
6、women, their families and the society and it (19)_ seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion (20)_ women return to their homes forever.（分数：40.00）A.moreB.fewerC.muchD.lessA.attitudeB.reactionC.ideaD.opinionA.availableB.suitableC.reliableD.practicalA.courseB.routeC.wayD.roadA.strangelyB.unusuall
7、yC.approximatelyD.actuallyA.withB.inC.fromD.onA.thoughB.whileC.sinceD.untilA.underB.forC.withD.onA.remainB.supplyC.supportD.retainA.growB.bringC.raiseD.feedA.thereforeB.moreoverC.howeverD.thusA.pollingB.to pollC.to be polledD.polledA.calledB.callingC.to callD.to be calledA.holidayB.restC.leaveD.vaca
8、tionA.whenB.untilC.afterD.whileA.inB.forC.onD.withA.commonB.ordinaryC.normalD.realA.profitB.interestC.serveD.benefitA.finallyB.definitelyC.doubtfullyD.fashionablyA.thatB.whichC.theseD.those二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the followin
9、g four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._AMERICA“S central bank sent a clear message this week. For the second consecutive meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee, the central bank“s policy-making commit tee, left short-term interest rates unchanged at 1.75%. B
10、ut it said that the risks facing the economy had shifted from economic weakness to a balance between weakness and excessive growth. This shift surprised no one. But it has convinced many people that interest rates are set to rise againand soon. Judging by prices in futures markets, investors are bet
11、ting that short-term interest rates could start rising as early as May, and will be 1.25 percentage points higher by the end of the year. That may be excessive. Economists at Goldman Sachs, who long argued that the central bank would do nothing this year, now expect short-term rates to go up only 0.
12、75% this year, starting in June. But virtually everyone reckons some Fed tightening is in the future. The reason? After an unprecedented 11 rate-cuts in 2001, short-term interest rates are abnormally low. As the signs of robust recovery multiply, analysts expect the Fed to take back some of the rate
13、-cuts it used as an “insurance policy“ after the September 11th terrorist attack. But higher rates could still be further off, particularly if the recovery proves less robust than many hope. The manufacturing sector is growing after 18 months of decline. The most optimistic Wall Streeters now expect
14、 GDP to have expanded by between 5% and 60% on an annual basis in the first quarter. But one strong quarter does not imply a sustainable recovery. In the short term, the bounce-back is being driven by a dramatic restocking of inventories. But it can be sustained only if corporate investment recovers
15、 and consumer spending stays buoyant. And since consumer spending held up so well during the “recession“ it is unlikely to jump now. These uncertainties alone suggest the central bank will be cautious about raising interest rates. That caution is all the more necessary given the lack of inflationary
16、 pressure. Although America“s consumer prices have stopped falling on a monthly basis, the latest figures show few signs of nascent price pressure. Indeed, given the huge pressure on corporate profits, the Federal Reserve might be happy to see consumer prices rise slightly. In short, while Wall Stre
17、et frets about when and how much interest rates will go up. The answer may well be not soon and not much.（分数：10.00）(1).Some people expected short-term interest rates to jump soon because they（分数：2.00）A.strongly believed in economic recovery.B.took for granted economic expansion.C.were cautious in th
18、eir excessive investment.D.had doubts about the effects of price pressure.(2).The author“s attitude toward Goldman Sachs“s opinion is one of（分数：2.00）A.reserved consent.B.strong disapproval.C.enthusiastic support.D.slight contempt.(3).The American central bank was reluctant to raise interest rates be
19、cause（分数：2.00）A.everybody saw consumer prices rise again.B.signs of robust economic recovery multiplied.C.investors reaped rewards in futures markets.D.it wanted to stay away from risks involved.(4).We can learn from the text that the America“s central bank（分数：2.00）A.took advantage of rate-cuts poli
20、cy as an insurance policy.B.is fairly conservative in raising short-term interest rates.C.tried to stop consumer prices from free falling but in vain.D.place monetary policy-making in the hands of Walk Streeters.(5).The purpose of the author in writing the text is to（分数：2.00）A.refute the notion that
21、 short-term rates will go up dramatically.B.justify the optimism of Wall Streeters towards economic recoveries.C.elaborate on the uncertainties of Fed“s policy-making strategies.D.illustrate the balance between weakness and excessive growth.“Worse than useless,“ fumed Darrell Issa, a Republican cong
22、ressman from California, on March 19th, when the House Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the Immigration and Naturalization Service. “Terrible, and getting worse,“ added Zoe Lofgren, a Democratic colleague who has kept a watchful eye on the INS for ten years. Committee members lined up to take s
23、wings at James Ziglar, the head of the INS. He explained, somewhat pathetically, that “outdated procedures“ had kept the visa-processing wheels grinding slowly through a backlog of applications. He also had some new rules in mind to tighten up visas. Speeding up the paperworkand getting more of it o
24、n to computersis vital, but the September attacks have exposed the tension between the agency“s two jobs: on the one hand enforcing the security of America“s borders, and on the other granting privileges such as work permits to foreigners. But other people want more radical changes. James Sensenbren
25、ner, a Republican congressman from Wisconsin, wants to split the INS into two separate bodies, one dealing with border security and the other with handling benefits to immigrants. The other approach, favored in the White House, is to treat the two functions as complementary, and to give the INS even
26、 more responsibility for security. Under that plan, the INS would merge with the Customs Service, which monitors the 20m shipments of goods brought into America every year, as well as the bags carried in by some 500m visitors. The two agencies would form one large body within the Department of Justi
27、ce, the current home of the INS. This would cut out some of the duplicated effort at borders, where customs officers and agents from the INS“s Border Patrol often rub shoulders but do not work together. Mr. Bushwho has said that the news of the visa approvals left him “plenty hot“was expected to giv
28、e his approval. The senate, however, may not be quite so keen. The Justice Department could have trouble handling such a merger, let alone taking on the considerable economic responsibilities of the Customs Service, which is currently part of the Treasury. The senate prefers yet another set of secur
29、ity recommendations, including links between the databases of different agencies that hold security and immigration information, and scanners at ports of entry to check biometric data recorded on immigration documents. These ideas are embodied in a bill sponsored by members of both parties, but are
30、currently held up by Robert Byrd, the chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, who worries that there has not been enough debate on the subject. Mr. Ziglar, poor chap, may feel there has been more than enough.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph that INS_.（分数：2.00）A.will be su
31、bjected to strong criticisms.B.has become the public laughing stock.C.will take up economic responsibilities.D.has won the support from Mr Bush.(2).Besides dealing with border security, INS also（分数：2.00）A.keeps a watchful eye on itself.B.grants privileges to immigrants.C.monitors shipments of goods.
32、D.takes advantage of computers.(3).The chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee will leave the issue of INS unsettled because（分数：2.00）A.the exclusive responsibility of INS is for border security.B.he figured out some new rules in mind to tight up visas.C.sufficient debate is anxiously require
33、d for a final solution.D.most congressmen hold unfavorable opinions on INS.(4).Suggestions have been raised on the issue of INS except（分数：2.00）A.charges launched against its head.B.its merging with the Customs Service.C.other security recommendations.D.its separation into two bodies.(5).Which of the
34、 following would be the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.A Redundant Agency to be Split.B.Upset with the INS?No.C.Merging INS with Customs?D.Inept INSunder Fire.In a science-fiction movie called “Species“, a mysterious signal from outer space turns out to describe the genome of an unknown orga
35、nism. When the inevitable mad scientist synthesizes the DNA described by the instructions, the creature he breeds from it turns out to resemble Natasha Henstridge, an athletic actress. Unfortunately, the alien harbors within her delicate form the destructive powers of a Panzer division, and it all e
36、nds badly for the rash geneticist and his laboratory. Glen Evans, chief executive of Egea Biosciences in San Diego, California, acknowledges regretfully that despite seeking his expert opinionin return for which he was presented with the poster of the striking Mr. Henstridge that hangs on his office
37、 wallthe producers of “Species“ did not hew very closely to his suggestions about the feasibility of their script ideas. Still, they had come to the right man. Dr Evans believes that his firm will soon be able to create, if not an alien succubus, at least a tiny biological machine made of artificial
38、 proteins that could mimic the behavior of a living cell. Making such proteins will require the ability to synthesize long stretches of DNA. Existing technology for synthesizing DNA can manage to make genes that encode a few dozen amino acids, but this is too short to produce any interesting protein
39、s. Egea“s technology, by contrast, would allow biologists to manufacture genes wholesale. The firm“s scientists can make genes long enough to encode 6,000 amino acids. They aim to synthesize a gene for 30,000 amino acids within two years. Using a library of the roughly 1,500 possible “motifs“ or fol
40、ds that a protein can adopt, Egea“s scientists employ computers to design new proteins that are likely to have desirable shapes and properties. To synthesize the DNA that encodes these proteins, Egea uses a machine it has dubbed the“ As Egea extends the length of DNA it can synthesize, Dr. Evans lik
41、ens this device to a word processor for DNA, on which you can type in the sequence of letters defining a piece of DNA and get that molecule out. As Egea extends the length of DNA it can synthesize, Dr. Evans envisages encoding not just proteins, but entire biochemical pathways, which are teams of pr
42、oteins that conduct metabolic processes. A collection of such molecules could conceivably function as a miniature machine that would operate in the body and attack disease, just as the body“s own defensive cells do. Perhaps Dr. Evans and his colleagues ought to get in touch with their friends in Hol
43、lywood.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage is mainly（分数：2.00）A.about a new application of computers.B.a review of a science-fiction movie.C.about the synthesizing interesting DNA.D.a survey of scientific breakthroughs.(2).The expression “hew very closely to“ can be best replaced by（分数：2.00）A.shed light on.B.
44、adhere strictly to.C.stay away from.D.give play to.(3).The DNA designed by Evan“s technology differs strikingly from that synthesized by existing technology in that the former is characterized by its（分数：2.00）A.desirable shape and length.B.imitation of a living cell.C.delicate but destructive power.D
45、.resistance to epidemics.(4).It can be inferred from the text that the synthesizing DNA technology should be used（分数：2.00）A.extravagantly and freely.B.flexibly and excessively.C.reasonably and cautiously.D.openly and vigorously.(5).Elen Evans“ technology of new protein design may prove useful（分数：2.0
46、0）A.in athletic training programs.B.in film making spectacles.C.in software programming.D.in medical treatments.President Bush takes to the bully pulpit to deliver a stern lecture to America“s business elite. The Justice Dept. stuns the accounting profession by filing a criminal indictment of Arthur
47、 Andersen LLP for destroying documents related to its audits of Enron Corp. On Capitol Hill, some congressional panels push on with biased hearings on Enron“s collapse and, now, another busted New Economy star, telecom“s Global Crossing. Lawmakers sign on to new bills aimed at tightening oversight o
48、f everything from pensions and accounting to executive pay. To any spectators, it would be easy to conclude that the winds of change are sweeping Corporate America, led by George W. Bush, who ran as “a reformer with result.“ But far from deconstructing the corporate world brick by brick into something cleaner, sparer, and stronger, Bush aides and many legislators are preparing modest legislative and administrative reforms. Instead of an overhaul, Bush“s team is counting on its enforcers, Justice and a newly empowered Securities Ex
