1、考研英语-试卷 285 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_A garage these days is a highly prized asset, likely to add as much as 10%15% to the
2、value of a house, especially if it“s in a crowded suburb where street parking is difficult. It is (1)_ one of the most expensive additions you can make. A brick double (2)_ with an internal floor (3)_ of 350 square feet might cost 8-9,000, though you could (4)_ that by between a quarter and a half (
3、5)_ you used direct labour or built it yourself. For the same (6)_ you (7)_ have 2 extra bedrooms and. a bathroom. (8)_ the prewar days when suburban gardens were (9)_ than a handkerchief, the garage was (10)_ as the “motor house“. It usually stood at the (11)_ of the garden as far away from the (12
4、)_ as possible. Nowadays, and not just for (13)_ of space, we (14)_ the garage to be (15)_ to the house or sometimes even inside (16)_ Normally, it (17)_ to be big (18)_ for two cars parked side by (19)_ though some builders still cheat and provide a nose-to-tail unit which saves on space but is a n
5、uisance to (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.as wellB.alsoC.becauseD.forA.flatB.houseC.garageD.gardenA.carpetB.areaC.roadD.groundA.buyB.increaseC.reduceD.lessA.thoughB.asC.soD.ifA.priceB.loanC.spaceD.carA.mayB.willC.shouldD.couldA.InB.WhileC.WhenD.ForA.smallestB.smallC.largerD.largestA.calledB.knownC.knowD.callA.mi
6、ddleB.outsideC.frontD.bottomA.houseB.homeC.roadD.carA.reasonB.causeC.becauseD.causedA.favourB.preferC.hateD.inclineA.along sideB.besideC.nextD.byA.themB.himC.herD.itA.oughtB.mustC.hasD.shouldA.roomB.enoughC.sizeD.amountA.sideB.besideC.halfD.wallA.useB.buildC.parkD.know二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分
7、数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Based on Hindu scriptures the system of arranged marriage in India was well established during the FDIC period (4000-1000 B.C.) and has been cl
8、osely adhered to by the vast majority of the population since that period. Marriage is seen as an indispensable event in the life of a Hindu and the unmarried person is viewed as incomplete and ineligible for participation in certain social and religious activities. The practice of arranged marriage
9、 cuts across all caste lines, regional boundaries and language barriers in India. Marriage is treated as an alliance between two families rather than two individuals. In the common joint family arrangement where several generations are living together, the prospective bride is evaluated on her suita
10、bility as part of the entire family environment rather than only as a wife to her husband. Love is not viewed as an important element in mate selection nor is courtship thought to be necessary for testing the relationship. In fact, romantic love is regarded as an uncontrollable and explosive emotion
11、 which interferes with the use of reason and logic in decision-making. Love is thought to be a disruptive element since it implies a transference of loyalty from the family of orientation to another individual. Thus, mate selection by self-choice is seen as endangering the stability of the entire jo
12、int family since it could lead to the selection of a mate of unsuitable temperament or background. Gupta has estimated that Indian marriages based on love occur among less than one percent of the population. Critical life decisions, such as choosing a mate, are generally determined by responsible me
13、mbers of the family or kin group, thus reflecting the cultural emphasis on feminism as opposed to freedom of the individual and pursuance of personal goals. However, it is anticipated that close ties and feelings of affection will develop between the couple following marriage. Most research on moder
14、n family life in India suggests that there has been little change in the views of Indians toward marriage. However, in their 1976 study of college students, Rae found that an increasing number of young adults in India wish to have more choice in the selection of their future mate, although they stil
15、l prefer their parents to arrange their marriages. Cormack (1961) also states that the custom of prohibiting a prospective couple from seeing each other until their wedding day is becoming obsolete in most urban areas and among college-educated youth.（分数：10.00）(1).Approximately what percentage of th
16、e population in India most probably observes the custom of arranged marriage?_（分数：2.00）A.under 30 percentB.50 percentC.55 percentD.over 70 percent(2).According to the passage, which of the foilowing best describes normal Indian families? _（分数：2.00）A.Grandparents, parents, and children live togetherB
17、.A young couple must have enough money to be able to afford their own house when they get marriageC.Every member of a family has an equal voice in making decisionsD.Relatives do not interfere in each other“s affairs(3).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?_（分数：2.00）A.To Hindus, ma
18、rriage is important but not necessaryB.Although family is important, no one expects young Indians to give up their own happiness for the benefit of the familyC.Young Indians do not traditionally go on dates with their future spousesD.Although many marriages are still arranged, most young people nowa
19、days choose their marriage partner on the basis of love(4).Cupta has estimated that Indian marriages based on love occur among less than one percent of the population because_（分数：2.00）A.marriage is treated as an alliance between two families rather than two individuals.B.in a family, there are sever
20、al generations living togetherC.love implies a transference of loyalty from one individual to anotherD.young couples without love will develop feelings of affection after marriage(5).What does the word “ineligible“ in para. 1 mean?_（分数：2.00）A.improperB.unqualifiedC.indecentD.dangerousPeople in the U
21、nited States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation“s economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continue
22、d to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation“s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits. Although the birth rate continued to, decli
23、ne from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and
24、 social mobilitydownward as well as upwardtouched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three-quarters of the population in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West changed their residence each decade. As a consequence
25、, historian David Donald has written, “Social atomization affected every segment of society“, and it seemed to many people that “all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded.“ Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had spe
26、cial implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many o
27、f its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled t
28、he home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?_（分数：2.00）A.The economic developm
29、ent of the United States in the eighteenth centuryB.Ways in which economic development led to social changes in the United StatesC.Population growth in the western United StatesD.The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the Unites States(2).According to the passage, as the ninetee
30、nth century progressed, the people of the United States_（分数：2.00）A.emigrated to other countriesB.often settled in the WestC.tended to change the place in which they livedD.had a higher rate of birth than ever before(3).Which of the following best describes the society about which David Donald wrote?
31、_（分数：2.00）A.A highly conservative society that was resistant to new ideasB.A society that was undergoing fundamental changeC.A society that had been gradually changing since the early 1700sD.A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements(4).Which of the following is not mentioned as an ex
32、ample of the social changes occurring in the United States after 1821)?_（分数：2.00）A.Increased social mobilityB.Increased immigrationC.Significant movement of populationD.Strong emphasis on traditional social values(5).With which of the following opinions would the author be likely to agree?_（分数：2.00）
33、A.Women“s lives significantly improved as the United States economy expandedB.Women had more opportunities for employment in the western United States than in other regionsC.The home after 1820 was a superior social entity to that of the eighteenth centuryD.Increased social fragmentation negatively
34、affected middle class family lifeA wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has g
35、one terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn“t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for th
36、eir consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization togetherhonesty, kindness, and so on-accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no lawand ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refu
37、se, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people“s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately, there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain dis
38、cipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim, In this family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are not done!“ Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none, he considers your property his prop
39、erty; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage hint. The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it“s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his
40、underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn“t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn“t provide a stable home. I don“t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If
41、 we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.（分数：10.00）(1).The wise man“s rema
42、rks suggest that_（分数：2.00）A.it“s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB.it“s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC.it“s only natural for virtue to defeat evilD.it“s desirable for good men to keep away from evil(2).According to the author, if a person is
43、 found guilty of a crime_（分数：2.00）A.society is to be held responsibleB.modem civilization is responsible for itC.the criminal himself should bear the blameD.the standards of living should be improved(3).Compared with those in small.towns, people in large cities have_（分数：2.00）A.less self-disciplineB.
44、better sense of disciplineC.more mutual respectD.less effective government(4).The writer is sorry to have noticed that_（分数：2.00）A.people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB.people “in small towns“ still stick to old discipline and standardsC.today“s society lacks sympathy for people in difficu
45、ltyD.people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities(5).The main idea of the passage is that_（分数：2.00）A.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB.more good examples should be set for people to followC.more restrictions should be imposed on people“s be
46、haviorD.more people should accept the value of accountabilityIt is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modem life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, agai
47、n, to have a tiger in the trunk, but to have one in the driver“s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rode and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the role. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Driver
48、s“ campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand. Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptations to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly and or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create as atmosphere of g
