1、考研英语-试卷 283 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to l
2、eave more jobs for men, the idea has been (1)_ by both women and men in public (2)_ polls. Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are (3)_ in types of work which were (4)_ for men and that women should step aside to make (5)_ for unemployed young men. They argue that women, e
3、specially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result (6)_ lower (7)_, poor quality and inefficiency. To solve the problem, they suggested that working women stay at home (8)_ their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these (9)_, f
4、amilies would remain their same level of income, and women could run the house and (10)_ children much better. The suggestion, (11)_,has been flatly rejected by 9 out of 10 people (12)_. Some other people have suggested another way (13)_ “phased employment“ theory. The theory suggests that a woman w
5、orker take (14)_ from her job when she is seven months (15)_ and stay off the job (16)_ her baby reaches the age of 3. It suggests that women on leave receive 75 percent of their (17)_ salary and be allowed to return to work after the threeyear period. This will (18)_ children, women, their families
6、 and the society and it (19)_ seems to be more (20)_ than the suggestion that women return to their homes forever.（分数：40.00）A.refusedB.declinedC.rejectedD.inclinedA.attitudeB.reactionC.ideaD.opinionA.usedB.exploitedC.disusedD.employedA.availableB.suitableC.reliableD.practicalA.courseB.routeC.wayD.pa
7、thA.withB.inC.fromD.onA.productB.productivityC.productionD.produceA.in thatB.whereasC.sinceD.unlessA.environmentB.circumstancesC.conditionD.stateA.cultivateB.bringC.raiseD.feedA.in addition toB.moreoverC.neverthelessD.in additionA.pollingB.to pollC.to be polledD.polledA.calledB.callingC.to callD.to
8、be calledA.holidayB.vocationC.leaveD.vacationA.fertileB.productiveC.fruitfulD.pregnantA.whenB.untilC.unlessD.asA.typicalB.usualC.normalD.regularA.profitB.interestC.benefit fromD.benefitA.eventuallyB.definitelyC.doubtfullyD.indefinitelyA.believableB.acceptableC.approvableD.thinkable二、Reading Comprehe
9、nsio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._In the end, a degree of sanity prevailed. The militant Hindus who had vowed to breach a police cordon and start the work of buildi
10、ng a temple to the god Ram at the disputed site of Ayodhya decided to respect a Supreme Court decision barring them from the are a. So charged have Hindu-Muslim relations in India become in recent weeks, as the declared deadline of March 15th neared, that a clash at Ram“s supposed birthplace might w
11、ell have provoked bloodshed on an appalling scale across the nation. It has, unfortunately, happened often enough before. But the threat has not vanished. The court“s decision is only an interim one, and the main Hindu groups have not given up on their quest to build their temple. Extreme religious
12、violence, which seemed in recent years to have faded after the Ayodhya-related explosion of 1992-93, is again a feature of the political landscape. Though faults lie on both sides (it was a Muslim attack on Hindus in a train in Gujarat that started the recent slaughter), the great bulk of victims we
13、re, as always, Muslims. Once again, educated Hindus are to be heard inveighing against the “appeasing“ of Muslims through such concessions as separate constitutional status for Kashmir or the right to practice Islamic civil law. Once again, the police are being accused of doing little or nothing to
14、help Muslim victims of rampaging Hindu mobs. Once again, India“s 130m Muslims feel unequal and unsafe in their own country. Far too many Hindus would refuse to accept that it is “their own country“ at all. The wonder of it, perhaps, is that things are not worse. While the world applauds Pakistan for
15、 at last locking up the leaders of its extreme religious groups, in India the zealots still support, sustain and to a degree constitute the government. The BJP, which leads the ruling coalition, was founded as a political front for the Hindu movement. It is simply one, and by no means the dominant,
16、member of what is called the Sangh Pariwar, the “family of organizations“. Other members of the family are much less savoury. There is the VHP, the World Hindu Organization, which led the movement to build the Ram temple. There is the Bajrang Dal, the brutalist “youth wing“ of the VHP. There is subs
17、tantial evidence that members of the VHP and the Bajrang Dal helped to organize the slaughter of hundreds of Muslims in Gujarat after 58 Hindus were killed on a train as they returned from Ayodhya.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learnt from the text that the ruling party in India（分数：2.00）A.offered little as
18、sistance in the massacre of Muslisms.B.was unanimous with respect to the issue of religion.C.might have brought religious conflict into politics.D.was striving to gather evidence against militant Hindus(2).What does the writer wants to illustrate with “a Muslim attack on Hindus on a train in Gujarat
19、“?（分数：2.00）A.The violation of a Supreme Court decision.B.Frequent clashes between Hindus and Muslims.C.The brutality of extreme Indian policemen.D.Social privileges entitled to Hindus mobs.(3).Towards the issue of Hindu-Muslim relations, the writer“s attitude can be said to be（分数：2.00）A.pessimistic.
20、B.objective.C.scared.D.biased.(4).We can learn from the text that both Hindus and Muslims are（分数：2.00）A.revengeful to each other.B.obedient by nature.C.respectful to the god Ram.D.politically sensitive.(5).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Hindus seemed to be
21、 more sensible of their actions than previously.B.Dismal consequences will be in store for extreme religious groups.C.The safety of India“s Muslims depended on the good will of Hindus.D.The illegal government is responsible for the present situation in India.If the opinion polls are to be believed,
22、most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspect an organization which has so often patronized them, lied to them and defrauded them. But the Indians may soon win a victory in a legal battle that epito
23、mizes those abuses. Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, is the leading plaintiff in a massive class-action suit against the government. At issue is up to $10 billion in trust payments owed to some 500,000 Indians. The suit revolves around Indiv
24、idual Indian Money (11M) accounts that are administered by the Interior Department“s Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the government divided more than 11m acres of tribal land into parcels of 80 to 160 acres that were assigned to individual Indians. Because these parcels were rarel
25、y occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them. As the Indians“ trustee, it leased the land out for grazing, logging, mining and oil drillingbut it was supposed to distribute the royalties to the Indian owners. In fact, officials admit that royalties have bee
26、n lost or stolen. Records were destroyed and the government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 500,000 Indians, but even the government accepts a figure of about 300,000. For years, Cobell heard Indians complain of not getting payment from the gove
27、rnment for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from government lawyers, filed the suit. Gale Norton, George Bushes interior secretary was charged with contempt in November because her department had failed t
28、o fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trustfund records were vulnerable to hackers. The system was partly restored last month and payments to some Indians, which had been interrupted, resumed. And that is
29、not the end of it. Ms. Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of Indian Trust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she suggested this without consulting them. Some want the trust funds to be placed in receivership, under a neutral supervisor. Others have called for Con
30、gress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be getting sorted out.（分数：10.00）(1).Elouise Cobell criticized the Interior Department“s BIA for（分数：2.00）A.its leasing land out for exploitation.B.its distr
31、ibution of money collected.C.its supposed misconduct of abuses.D.its reaction to a massive action.(2).When mentioning “the government accepts a figure of about 300,000“, the writer is trying to illustrate（分数：2.00）A.lies and defraud to which American Indians are exposed.B.the strong confidence Americ
32、an Indians have in their government.C.doubts about government as shown in the opinion polls.D.the arrogance as displayed by government officials as a whole.(3).Which of the following is TRUE according the text?（分数：2.00）A.Trust funds have been placed in the hands of American Indians.B.American Indian
33、s should become increasingly vocal for justice.C.Payments owed to American Indian have been indefinitely delayed.D.BIA reaped great rewards by deliberately destroying trust-fund records.(4).It seems that the write is very critical of（分数：2.00）A.American Indians in a class-action.B.officials who are i
34、n charge of the suit.C.government agencies at all levels.D.those who have the land over-developed.(5).From the text, we can see that the writer“s overall attitude towards the issue seems to be（分数：2.00）A.sensitive.B.gloomy.C.optimistic.D.scared.The Tuscan town of Vinci, birthplace of Leonardo and hom
35、e to a museum of his machines, should fittingly put on a show of the television-robot sculptures of Nam Jun Paik. This Koreanborn American artist and the Renaissance master are kindred spirits: Leonardo saw humanistic potential in his scientific experiments, Mr. Paik endeavors to harness media techn
36、ology for artistic purposes. A pioneer of video art in the late 1960s, he treats television as a space for art images and as material for robots and interactive sculptures. Mr. Paik was not alone. He and fellow artists picked on the video cameras because they offered an easy way to record their perf
37、ormance art. Now, to mark video art“s coming of age, New York“s Museum of Modern Art is looking back at their efforts in a film series called “The First Decade“. It celebrates the early days of video by screening the archives of Electronic Arts Intermix (EAI), one of the world“s leading distributors
38、 of video and new media art, founded 30 years ago. One of EAI“s most famous alumni is Bill Viola. Part of the second generation of video artists, who emerged in the 1970s, Mr. Viola experimented with video“s expressive potential. His camera explores religious ritual and universal ideas. The Viola sh
39、ow at the Deutsche Guggenheim in Berlin shows us moving-image frescoes that cover the gallery walls and envelop the viewer in all-embracing cycles of life and death. One new star is a Californian, Doug Aitken, who took over London“s Serpentine Gallery last October with an installation called “New Oc
40、ean“. Some say Mr. Aitken is to video what Jackson Pollock was to painting. He drips his images from floor to ceiling, creating sequences of rooms in which the space surrounds the viewer in hallucinatory images, of sound and light. At the Serpentine, Mr. Aitken created a collage of moving images, on
41、 the theme of water“s flow around the planet as a force of life. “I wanted to create a new topography in this work, a liquid image, to show a world that never stands still,“ he says. The boundary between the physical world and the world of images and information, he thinks, is blurring. The interpla
42、y of illusion and reality, sound and image, references to art history, politics, film and television in this art form that is barely 30 years old can make video art difficult to define. Many call it film-based or moving-image art to include artists who work with other cinematic media. At its best, t
43、he appeal of video art lies in its versatility, its power to capture the passing of time and on its ability to communicate both inside and outside gallery walls.（分数：10.00）(1).The birthplace of Leonardo is mentioned in the text（分数：2.00）A.to introduce the topic of video art technology.B.to pay tribute
44、 to this Renaissance master.C.to honor his contribution to scientific discoveries.D.to outline the development of art television.(2).Toward the novel literary idea, the author“s attitude seems to be that of（分数：2.00）A.Disapproval.B.Neutrality.C.Appreciation.D.Suspicion.(3).As pointed out in the text,
45、 the video art technology is characterized by its（分数：2.00）A.human ingenuityB.complex definition.C.strong appeal.D.extreme interactivity.(4).The videos created by Dough Aitken is used to show a combination of（分数：2.00）A.television and robotics.B.illusion and reality.C.sculptures and paintings.D.space
46、and planets.(5).Which of the following would the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.A New Generation of Artists.B.Video Art is Going Nowhere.C.A Cradle of Famous Artists.D.New Art for the MTV Generation.Imagine the U.S. economic gains of the 1990s, and what comes to mind? Perhaps it was how the stoc
47、k market ruled: All those initial public offerings that raked in unprecedented billions for venture capitalists. And wasn“t it a great time to be a top manager, with productivity gains boosting the bottom line and igniting executive pay? While it was going on, venture capitalist L. John Doerr called
48、 the boom the “largest single legal creation of wealth in history.“ Well, yes and no. With the recession apparently over, it“s now possible to make a more realistic assessment of the entire business cycle of the 1990s: The sluggish recovery that started in March, 1991, the extraordinary boom, the tech bust, and the downturn of 2001. And guess what? A lot of things happened that defy the conventional beliefs about the decade. Over this 10-year period, productivity rose at a 2.2% annual rate, roughly half a percentage point faster than in the 198
