1、考研英语-试卷 27及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an infor
2、mal and a formal situation: lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively. He gave them an example and asked them how they would (1)_ if they had a lunch appointment with a friend, the average American student (2)_ lateness as 19 minutes after the (3)_ time. On the other hand, the aver
3、age Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes. In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed (4)_ Classes not only begin, but also end at the (5)_ time in the United States. In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at noon; many (6)_
4、past 12:30 to discuss questions. (7)_ arriving late may not be very important in Brazil, (8)_ is staying late. The (9)_ for these differences is complicated. People from Brazilian and North American (10)_ have different feeling about lateness. In Brazil, the students believe that a person who usuall
5、y (11)_ than a person who is always (12)_. In fact, Brazilians expect a person with (13)_ or prestige to arrive late, while in the United States lateness is usually (14)_ disrespectful and unacceptable. (15)_, if a Brazilian is late for an appointment with a North American, the American may misinter
6、pret the (16)_ and become angry. As a result of his study, the professor learned that the Brazilian students were not being (17)_ to him. Instead, they were simply be having in the (18)_ way for a Brazilian student in Brazil. Eventually, the professor was able to (19)_ his own behavior so that he co
7、uld feel (20)_ in the new culture.（分数：40.00）A.reflectB.reactC.recallD.replyA.definedB.regardedC.describedD.expectedA.discussedB.agreedC.decidedD.settledA.instantB.minuteC.momentD.hourA.scheduledB.assignedC.arrangedD.appointedA.appearedB.reportedC.remainedD.returnedA.WhenB.AlthoughC.WhileD.DespiteA.e
8、itherB.neitherC.butD.alsoA.statementB.situationC.environmentD.explanationA.countriesB.customsC.culturesD.continentA.arrivesB.attendsC.remainsD.staysA.at the timeB.in no timeC.ahead of timeD.on timeA.positionB.careerC.statusD.titleA.understoodB.consideredC.grantedD.recognizedA.NeverthelessB.HoweverC.
9、OccasionallyD.ConsequentlyA.factorB.causeC.reasonD.excuseA.disrespectfulB.unacceptableC.informalD.mistakenA.probableB.specialC.appropriateD.particularA.attemptB.adaptC.acceptD.adoptA.gratefulB.preciousC.welcomeD.comfortable二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.P
10、art ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. P
11、ersonal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male e
12、xecutives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All u
13、nattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnig
14、ht successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman masculine position appears to lack the “masculine“ qualities required. This is tree even i
15、n politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,“ says Anne Bow man, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of w
16、omen, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked
17、most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “liability“(Para. 1) most probably means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.misfortuneB.instabilityC.disadvantageD.burden(2).In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness _.（分数：2.00）A.reinforces the feminine qualities requiredB.makes women look
18、more honest and capableC.is of primary importance to womenD.often enables women to succeed quickly(3).Bowman“s experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness _.（分数：2.00）A.turns out to be an obstacle to menB.affects men and women alikeC.has as little effect on men as on womenD.is m
19、ore of an obstacle than a benefit to women(4).It can be inferred from the passage that people“s views on beauty are often _.（分数：2.00）A.practicalB.prejudicedC.old-fashionedD.radical(5).The author writes this passage to _.（分数：2.00）A.discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveB.give advice to job-
20、seekers who are attractiveC.demand equal rights for womenD.emphasize the importance of appearanceThe U.S. government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the m
21、ap where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earth quake “belts“ where government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help discover the answer to these two questions; 1. Can we predict earthquakes? 2. Can we control earthquakes? To answer the first question, scientis
22、ts are looking very closely at the most active fault(断层) systems in the country, such as the San Andreas fault in California. A fault is a. break between two sections of the earth“s surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for chang
23、es, which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes accurately. And the control“ of earthquakes is even farther away. Nevertheless, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The
24、most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4,000 meters below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection of water, there were a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injec
25、ted into the rocks worked like oil on each other. When the water “oiled“ the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was released. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the
26、water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, destructive earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid-like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.（
27、分数：10.00）(1).Earthquake belts are _.（分数：2.00）A.maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occurB.zones with a high probability of earthquakesC.breaks between two sections of the earth“s surfaceD.the two layers of earth along a fault(2).The San Andreas fault is _.（分数：2.00）A.an active fault system
28、B.a place where earthquakes have been predicted accuratelyC.a place where earthquakes have been controlled“D.the location of the Rocky Mountain(3).What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?（分数：2.00）A.They occur at about 4,000 meters below ground level.B.The injection
29、of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.C.They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.D.Harmful earthquakes can be possibly prevented by causing small, harmless earthquakes.(4).What can be said about the experiments at Rocky Mountain Arsenal?（分数：2.00）A.They have no p
30、ractical value in earthquake prevention.B.They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.C.They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.D.The article does not say anything about their practical value in earthquake prevention.(5).What is the most appropriate title for the
31、 passage?（分数：2.00）A.Dangers of Earthquakes.B.Earthquake Belts and Prediction.C.Earthquake Prediction and Control.D.Earthquake Engineering in California.Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp. Hemp has
32、been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fiber, which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansio
33、n and the establishment of a world wide trading network would not have been feasible without hemp. Nowadays, ships“ cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibers, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp. According
34、to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on world“s forests. However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. T
35、his plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis(大麻), related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather froce, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant
36、 used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial producingproducing hemp plant. Although both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew hemp in large quantities on their own land, any American growing the plant today would soon find himself in prisondespite the fact that marijuana cannot be p
37、roduced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug). In recent years, two major movements for legalization have been gathering strength. One group of activists believes that ALL cannabis should be legalboth the hemp plant and the marijuana plantand that t
38、he use of the drug marijuana should not be an offense. They argue that marijuana is not dangerous or addictive, and that it is used by large numbers of people who are not criminals but productive members of society. They also point out that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. The other
39、legalization movement is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce producing; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fiber for paper and pulp production. This second group has had a major triumph recently: in 1997, Canada legalized the farming of hemp for fibe
40、r. For the first time since 1938, hundreds of farmers are planting this crop, and soon we can expect to see pulp and paper produced from this new source.（分数：10.00）(1).What equipment on a ship was made from hemp?（分数：2.00）A.Ropes.B.Waterproof cloth.C.Engine fuel.D.Life rafts.(2).What drug can be obtai
41、ned from a relative of hemp?（分数：2.00）A.Cocaine.B.Heroin.C.Amphetamine.D.Marijuana.(3).Why was the plant hemp essential to worldwide trade in the past?（分数：2.00）A.Ships“ ropes were made from it.B.Hemp was a very profitable export.C.Hemp was used as fuel for ships.D.Hemp was used as food for sailors.(4
42、).Way do agriculturalists think that hemp would be better for paper production than trees?（分数：2.00）A.It is cheaper to grow hemp than to cut down trees.B.More paper can be produced from the same area of land.C.Hemp produces higher quality paper.D.It is easier to find hemp than to find trees.(5).Why w
43、as hemp banned?（分数：2.00）A.It is related to the marijuana plant.B.It can be used to produce marijuana.C.It was not longer a useful crop.D.It was destructive to the land.Changes in the economy, Europe“s reunification and technological evolution challenge our educational system. Vocational education wi
44、ll be particularly touched. It will be then necessary to intervene in the field of higher vocational education. Their level of education has to be qualitatively redefined and adapted to current demands. Professionals will have new chances of promotion through these reforms. At this point, vocational
45、 education has to define itself as being equal to high school-university courses, while keeping its particularities. As far as employment opportunities are concerned, it is assumed that graduates from colleges of higher education have more or less the same chances to find a job as university graduat
46、es. In some areas, the former will probably even find employment easier, as their practical work experience is by far larger than university students. These may possess a much larger theoretical background as they start working but would in most cases need more time to get familiar with the practica
47、l side of their job. Those among higher vocational schools that satisfy the prerequisite for courses and research-development studies will be upgraded to colleges of higher education. We are happy to see that our higher vocational colleges (engineering school for example) have already good contacts
48、with economical circles. By putting together different subjects and research-development facilities into a dozen of colleges of higher education, we will be able to guarantee quality education and a better use of already existing technical and financial means. We thus have to group schools together, most of which are being at present geographically separated. Vocational education, also giving the possibility to deepen professional knowledge through attractive courses, must offer a real alternative to general
