1、考研英语-试卷 275 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Most of us think we know the kind of kid who becomes a killer, and most of the time w
2、e“re right. Boys (1)_ about 85% of all youth homicides, and in those cases about 90% (2)_ a pattern in which the line from bad parenting and bad (3)_ to murder is usually clear. Their lives start with abuse, neglect and (4)_ deprivation at home. Add the effects of racism, poverty, the drug and gang
3、cultures, and it is not (5)_ that in a violent society like ours, (6)_ children become deadly teens. (7)_ what about the other 10% of kids who kill: the boys who have (8)_ parents and are not poor? Are their parents to blame when these kids become (9)_? Most children do fine while young enough to be
4、 (10)_ by loving parents, but change as adolescents subjected to peer competition, bullying and rejection, (11)_ in big high schools. The “normal“ culture of adolescence today contains elements that are so nasty that it becomes hard for parents to (12)_ between what in a teenager“s talk, dress and t
5、aste in music, films and video games indicates (13)_ trouble and what is simply a (14)_ of the times. Most kids who have multiple body piercing, or listen to Marilyn Manson, or play the video games are normal kids caught in a toxic (15)_ Intelligent kids with good social skills can be quite skillful
6、 at hiding who they really are from their parents. They may do this to (16)_ punishment, to escape being identified as “crazy“, or to protect the parents they love from being (17)_ or worried. Anyway, how many parents are (18)_ of thinking the worst of their son(19)_, that he harbors murders fantasi
7、es, or that he could (20)_ so far as acting them out.（分数：40.00）A.completeB.commitC.submitD.performA.conform toB.comply withC.agree withD.apply toA.situationB.environmentC.conditionD.stateA.logicalB.sensationalC.emotionalD.rationalA.confusingB.astonishingC.bewilderingD.surprisingA.restrictedB.damaged
8、C.belovedD.spoiledA.HoweverB.ButC.AlthoughD.OtherwiseA.lovingB.strictC.irresponsibleD.carelessA.offendersB.defendersC.killersD.criminalsA.arousedB.nurturedC.flourishedD.whippedA.particularlyB.uniquelyC.subsequentlyD.naturallyA.recognizeB.detectC.discoverD.distinguishA.psychologicalB.physicalC.spirit
9、ualD.bodilyA.symptomB.signC.markD.tokenA.countryB.familyC.cultureD.schoolA.avoidB.acceptC.eliminateD.createA.depressedB.encouragedC.disappointedD.amazedA.capableB.competentC.ableD.efficientA.that isB.such asC.for exampleD.at lastA.runB.goC.comeD.arrive二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section
10、 II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargement and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. Acc
11、ording to Dr. Dui Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal. “What we all long for is to look normal, an
12、d being normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that.“ In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centers on what age people should
13、be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imberre commends “maintenance“ work for people in their thirties. “The idea that waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly,“ he says. “By then, you“ve wasted 20 great years of your life and al-lowed things to get out of hand
14、.“ Dr. Imberre draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however, “It seems that someone we don“t consider old enough to order a drink shouldn“t be considering plastic surgery“. In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous. But the p
15、roportional cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people. Dr. Davie, who claims to “eater for the average person“, agrees. He says: “I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3,0
16、00 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday.“ Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anesthetic in an
17、afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently paid 2,500 for an operation to remove cellulite from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery veteran is a deceptively gentle one. “I had my legs done because they“d been bugging
18、 me for years. But going into the clinic stimulated my appetite. Now I don“t think there“s any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is（分数：2.00）A.being physically healthy.B.looking usual.C.investing for life.
19、D.improving appearance.(2).In the US, people argue about（分数：2.00）A.whether people under 18 need cosmetic surgery.B.under what circumstance people should have cosmetic surgery.C.at what age people should have cosmetic surgery.D.whether cosmetic surgery should cater for average people.(3).According to
20、 Dr. Gerard Imberre, people should have cosmetic surgery（分数：2.00）A.as early as possible.B.in their thirties.C.in their teens.D.when they need.(4).According to paragraph 3, what Dr. Davie said implies that（分数：2.00）A.cosmetic surgery is worth having though it is costly.B.cosmetic surgery is necessary
21、even for the average person.C.cosmetic surgery is beyond the reach of most people.D.cosmetic surgery is extremely expensive.(5).It seems that the woman mentioned in the last paragraph（分数：2.00）A.regrets having the operation.B.hopes to have more operations.C.hesitates in choosing an operation.D.loves
22、her new image.The World Wide Web has been steadily creating a widespread surge in social capital through E-mail conversations, chat rooms, newsgroups, and e-zones. These ongoing connections are not an underground phenomenon, but a mainstream movement that is rapidly overwhelming traditional business
23、 models, according to the authors of another recent book, The Cluetrain Manifesto. “Our longing for the Web is rooted in the deep resentment we feel towards being managed,“ writes co-author David Weinberger, a columnist and commentator on the Web“s effect on business. The Cluetrain Manifesto argues
24、that knowledge workers are finding it intolerable that their employers require them to speak in artificial “business voices“. The Web has become the ideal alternative: a public place where people can converse in their “authentic voices“, outside of an organization“s official communications channel.
25、Some of the social capital generated by these independent Web conversations is being used by its creators to circumvent the authority of corporations. For example, a car owner who thinks he was overcharged for service to his vehicle posts an inquiry to a newsgroup for people who own the same model o
26、f ear. Group members respond with their advice and personal experiences of getting their own cars serviced. The newsgroup is not owned or controlled by the car company. In fact, a mechanic employed by the car company participates in the conversation, offering his knowledge of what charges are reason
27、able and how company policies vary from dealer to dealer, and even suggesting which dealerships offer the best service. According to co-author Rick Levine, the mechanic “was speaking for his company in a new way: honestly, openly, probably without his boss“s explicit sanction.“ In effect, an employe
28、e of the company independently joined a network of consumers to directly help satisfy a customer. “Companies need to harness this sort of caring and let its viral enthusiasm be communicated in employees“ own voices,“ writes Levine, former Web Architect for Sun Microsystem“s Java Software group. As m
29、ore and more people work online and form Web relationships, shared knowledge could become increasingly personal in cyberspace. Whether business joins in the conversations or not, it seems likely that this fast-growing strain of social capital will remain valuable for those who help to create it.（分数：
30、10.00）(1).The word “overwhelming“(Paragraph 1) probably means（分数：2.00）A.helping with.B.creating by.C.substituting for.D.arising from.(2).Employees like on-line conversation during the business because（分数：2.00）A.they will not be managed and directed by others.B.they call speak whatever they want.C.th
31、ey are free to choose their own business partner.D.they can have a person-to-person communication.(3).Employees with on-line relationships can benefit the company because（分数：2.00）A.they can offer help to customers as friends.B.they ale good at disguising their real purpose.C.they know how to deceive
32、 their on-line friends.D.they can make more selling through their on-line relations.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the company（分数：2.00）A.actually can make use of the personal on-line relationships.B.breaks the morals ill using personal on-line relationships.C.is forced to use the on-li
33、ne communication.D.requires its employees to build on-line relationships.(5).According to the passage, what does social capital refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Personal relationships.B.Web-relationships.C.Corporate relationships.D.Business relationships.Much of the American anxiety about old age is a flight fro
34、m the reality of death. One of the striking qualities of the American character is the unwillingness to face either the fact or meaning of death. In the more somber tradition of American literaturefrom Hawthorne and Melville and Poe to Faulkner and Hemingwayone finds a tragic depth that disguises th
35、e surface thinness of the ordinary American death attitudes. By an effort of the imagination, the great writers faced problems that the culture in action is reluctant to facethe fact of death, its mystery, and its place in the back-and-forth shuttling of the eternal recurrence. The unblinking confro
36、ntation of death in Greek time, the elaborate theological patterns woven around it in the Middle Ages, the ritual celebration of it in the rich, peasant cultures of Latin and Slavic Europe and in primitive cultures; these are difficult to find in American life. Whether through fear of the emotional
37、depths, or because of a drying up of the floodgates of religious intensity, the American avoids dwelling on death or even coming to terms with it; he finds it morbid and moves back from it, surrounding it with word avoidance (Americans never die; they “pass away“) and various taboos of speech and pr
38、actice. A “funeral parlor“ is decorated to look like a bank; everything in a funeral ceremony is done in hushed tones, as if it were something secret, to be concealed from the world; there is so much emphasis on being dignified that the ceremony often loses its quality: of dignity. In some of the pr
39、imitive cultures, there is difficulty in under-standing the causes of death; it seems puzzling and even unintelligible. Living in a scientific culture, Americans have a ready enough explanation of how it comes, yet they show little capacity to come to terms with the fact of death itself and with the
40、 grief that accompanies it. “We jubilate over birth and dance at weddings,“ writes Margaret Mead, “but more and more deal with the death off the scene without ceremony, without an opportunity for young and old to realize that death is as much a fact of life as is birth.“ And one may add, even in its
41、 hurry and brevity, the last stage of an American“s life m the last occasion of this relation to his societyis as standardized as the rest.（分数：10.00）(1).Unwillingness to face death is（分数：2.00）A.a characteristic of American society.B.a quality found in all civilizations.C.a quality inherited from our
42、 Latin ancestors.D.a quality of the American character.(2).In the novels of Hawthorne and Melville, one will find（分数：2.00）A.ordinary American death attitudes.B.a willingness to accept death as a fact of life.C.a superficial attitude toward death.D.the foundation of modern American beliefs about deat
43、h.(3).What is/was people“s attitude towords death?（分数：2.00）A.In American life, people hardly mention the death.B.In the Middle Ages, death was surrounded by respect.C.In primitive cultures, death was faced with awe.D.In Greek times, people.were afraid of facing death.(4).In the author“s opinion, Ame
44、ricans refuse to dwell on the idea of death（分数：2.00）A.out of fear of the emotional depths.B.because they are no longer intensely religious.C.because they are materialists.D.either out of dread or lack of religious beliefs.(5).Margaret Mead suggests that（分数：2.00）A.we should not rejoice at a birth.B.w
45、e should cry at a birth and rejoice at a funeral.C.a wedding should be solemn affair.D.death should be accepted in the same spirit as marriage and birth.In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employergovernment or privateshould have little or no impact on the earnings differentials
46、 between women and men. However if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer.
47、Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on women“s earnings as compared with their e
48、arnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs“ results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would by 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal. In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employ
