1、考研英语-试卷 267 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The Californian coastline north and south of Silicon Valley is a trend-setting sort o
2、f place. Increasingly, the home interiors of the well-heeled there tend toward one of two (1)_. Houses are (2)_ light-flooded, sparse and vaguely Asian in (3)_, with perhaps a Zen fountain in one corner, a Yoga area in another. Or they resemble electronic control rooms with all sorts of (4)_, comput
3、ers, routers, antennae, screens and remote controls. Occasionally, both elements are (5)_. “She“ may have the living room and public areas, (6)_ “he“ is banished with his toys up or down the stairs. Currently, the gadget lovers have powerful allies. Many of the largest companies in the consumer-elec
4、tronics, computer, telecoms and internet industries have made a strategic decision to (7)_ visions of a “digital home“, “eHome“, or “connected home“. Doubting that (8)_ from corporate customers will ever (9)_ to the boom levels of the late 1990s, Microsoft, Intel, Sony, Verizon, Comcast, Hewlett-Pac
5、kard, Apple and others see the consumer (10)_ their best chance for growth and will be throwing a bewildering (11)_ of home “solutions“ at (12)_ in the coming months and years. To understand what the (13)_ ultimately have in (14)_ it is best to visit the (15)_ homes that most have built on their cam
6、puses or at trade shows. (16)_ cosy and often intimidating, these feature flat screens almost everywhere, (17)_ electronic picture frames in the bedroom from the large TV-substitute in the living room. Every (18)_ has a microchip and can be (19)_ to, typed into or clicked onto. Everything is (20)_ t
7、o a central computer through wireless links.（分数：40.00）A.extremesB.spheresC.hazardsD.loopholesA.norB.eitherC.alsoD.neitherA.questB.exhaustivenessC.characterD.chaosA.equipmentB.devicesC.facilitiesD.gadgetsA.detrimentalB.imaginativeC.presentD.illusiveA.thoughB.whileC.becauseD.as ifA.landB.quenchC.dampe
8、nD.hawkA.complaintB.feedbackC.demandD.censorshipA.recoverB.fosterC.cementD.formulateA.beneathB.againstC.throughoutD.asA.arrayB.lookoutC.ideologyD.conversionA.theirsB.themC.hisD.himA.retailersB.vendorsC.conspiratorD.designersA.notionB.conceptC.illusionD.mindA.farraginousB.invitingC.mockD.notoriousA.U
9、ltimatelyB.TypicallyC.FortunatelyD.RarelyA.byB.toC.withinD.such asA.objectB.obligationC.objectionD.obstructionA.toldB.saidC.talkedD.claimedA.connectedB.designatedC.derivedD.input二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four text
10、s. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Nothing approaching last week“s toll of death and destruction has visited European or U.S. shores, but that doesn“t mean they are invulnerable. Large tsunamis are not that rare and, every now and again, they crash into familiar ports
11、of call, sweeping away people and property. In 1960, for example, a tremendous earthquake in Chile unleashed an armada of giant waves that killed 61 on the island of Hawaii before moving on to kill at least 100 on the Japanese island of Honshu. Four years later, a tsunami triggered by an earthquake
12、off the coast of Alaska resulted in more than 100 deaths there. The worst European tsunami in recorded history occurred in 1755, when an earth quake off Portugal“s Atlantic coast sent gigantic waves crashing into Lisbon. Together, the quake, the waves and fire took 60,000 lives in the city at a time
13、 when it was the cap ital of an empire. Similar death tolls were recorded in towns along Italy“s Strait of Messina in the wake of the tsunami of 1908. The more scientists look into the tsunami threat beyond Asia, the larger it seems to loom. Tsunamis can be triggered by massive landslides as well as
14、 earthquakes, and University of Hawaii oceanographer Gary McMurtry has evidence to suggest that around 120,000 years ago, a landslide unleashed by Mauna Loa created a megatsunami that heaved sand and sea fossils 500 m up the slopes of nearby Kohala. Sand layers along the coasts of the North and Norw
15、egian seas and the northeastern Atlantic Ocean have been attributed to a huge tsunami created by an underwater landslide off Norway some 7,100 years ago. In the Canary Islands today, the unstable western slope of the Cumbre Vieja volcano poses a threat to Atlantic coastlines. Should it collapse and
16、slide into the sea, a scientist from University College London warns, it would send tsunamis coursing through the Atlantic basin at hundreds of miles per hour. According to one nightmare scenario, the island chain would be wiped out, and massive waves would strike the west African coast, European co
17、untries lying along the Atlantic, northern South America, Caribbean islands, southeastern Canada and the U.S. East Coast. Some waves could be as tall as five-story buildings. Tsunamis take time to travel, which can give populations in harm“s way anywhere from a few minutes to many hours to flee. For
18、 this reason, 26 countries have banded together to establish a tsunami-warning system for the Pacific (though not yet for the Atlantic or Indian oceans, or the Mediterranean Sea). “Tsunamis are low-probability, high consequence events,“ says Viacheslav K. Gusiakov, head of the Russian Academy of Sci
19、ences“ Tsunami Laboratory in Novosibirsk, Siberia. “But even we specialists on hazards could not quite believe that today a tsunami could kill so many. We used to think of vulnerability in terms of material damage, rather than loss of human life. This great tragedy showed we were wrong.“ As presentl
20、y configured, the warning system is far from perfect, generating a 75% rate of false alarms. But that should change with the deployment of a new generation of buoy-anchored detectors that can be positioned deep underwater. In November 2003, a trial run of the system showed that a tsunami unleashed b
21、y an Alaskan earthquake would be too small to do any damage when it reached Hawaiithere by avoiding an unnecessary and costly coastal evacuation like one caused by a false alarm eight years earlier. After last week“s disaster, however, few are likely to ignore the tsunami sirens the next time they s
22、ound.（分数：10.00）(1).The fact that tsunamis appear more worrisome results from（分数：2.00）A.the gigantic waves crashing into U.S. shores.B.an earthquake off Portugal Atlantic coast.C.the increasing scientific research.D.a massive landslide unleashed by Mauna Loa.(2).At present, the U.S. East Coast is at
23、potential hazard to be triggered by（分数：2.00）A.a tremendous earthquake in Chile.B.the Cumbre Vieja volcano.C.an underwater landside off Norway.D.an Alaskan earthquake.(3).It is implied in the text that（分数：2.00）A.the toll of death and destruction is an astronomical figure.B.the present system generate
24、s numerous false alarms.C.material damage has been taken into account.D.tsunamis leave people a chance of narrow escape.(4).The professionals, according to the text, have made a mistake in（分数：2.00）A.leaving the warning system imperfect for years.B.delaying the deployment of a new generation of detec
25、tors.C.insisting Tsunamis“ potential damage to the public infrastructure.D.ignoring of Tsunamis“ destructive force to human life.(5).A detector is to the warning system what（分数：2.00）A.an engine to the locomotive.B.an air-conditioner to the limousine.C.a dust jacket to the book.D.a remote control to
26、the TV set.Across the developed world, health-care spending is rising and will continue to in crease as populations age. As each country feels the financial strain, it is tempting to imagine that there must be a better way of funding medical care elsewhere. In Britain, for example, Bernard Ribeiro,
27、the new president of the Royal College of Surgeons, has called for the National Health Service (NHS) to be financed from social-insurance contributions, as in Germany and France, rather than from general taxation. He worries that a tax-financed system will not deliver enough resources to meet the de
28、mand for health-care spending in the longer run. There are indeed good reasons for concern about the way the NHS is financed, for it has allowed the government to pump in too much money too fast. But there is no ideal sys tem for paying for health care. The European social-insurance model is in even
29、 more trouble than Britain“s tax-based model. By loading the burden on to employers and workers and thus raising labour costs, it has contributed to the inflexibility of labour markets and thus to the Euro-sclerosis that continental governments are struggling to recover from. In France, the governme
30、nt has resorted to general taxation to spread the burden. In Germany and elsewhere the model looks increasingly unsustainable, not least because its narrow fiscal base will be exposed to unfavourable demographics when the post-war baby-boomers start leaving the labour force in droves. Nor does Ameri
31、ca offer an ideal solution. It has a mixed financing system, in which the government stumps up for the elderly and the poor, and employers pay for private coverage of their workers. Health-care spending has reached a record 15% of GDP, dwarfing Britain“s 8%, yet 45m Americans lack insurance cover. T
32、he rising cost of publicly-financed medical care threatens America“s fiscal health. Rather than focusing on how the money is raised, reformers should worry about how it is spent. Health-care expenditure is rocketing not just because demand is rising but also because health-care markets work badly. T
33、hey are dominated by powerful providerscompanies, hospitals and influential doctorswhich find it fairly easy to pass on ever-rising costs from new medical technologies to the state or the insurers who pick up most of the tab. Private individuals“ payments generally account for a smallish share of he
34、alth care spending precisely because medical bills tend to be so high that everybody needs insurance cover of one sort or another. Taxes, social-insurance contributions and payments by employers all boil down to forms of health insurance. The cure is not to try to raise yet more money in a different
35、 way. Instead, the overriding goal must be to spend the money pouring into health care more effectively by getting wasteful medical systems to work better. Two sets of reform are vital and both, as it hap pens, are being undertaken in Britain“s tax-financed NHS.（分数：10.00）(1).The author“s attitude to
36、ward Mr. Ribeiro“s view seems to be（分数：2.00）A.supportive.B.indicative.C.negative.D.comprehensive.(2).The narration of the European model in the second Paragraph implies that（分数：2.00）A.Mr. Ribeiro“s concern should be stressed.B.there are good reasons for worry about NHS“s fiscal health.C.Mr. Ribeiro“
37、s proposal won“t work well.D.too much fund is being paid for health care.(3).The phrase “stump up“(Line 2, Paragraph 3) probably means（分数：2.00）A.raise.B.dominate.C.call.D.pay.(4).The writer seems to recommend that the concentration of concern should be placed on（分数：2.00）A.a better method of funding
38、medical care.B.the way of employing medical fund.C.the threat to America“s fiscal budget.D.how the fund is raised effectively.(5).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by（分数：2.00）A.explaining a phenomenon.B.making a contrast.C.introducing an argument.D.justifying an assumption.On
39、 the face of it, anarchists, who believe in no government, have little in common with Jihadists, who believe in imposing a particularly rigid form of government on every one. The theoreticians for both movements have often been bearded and angry, of course, and their followers have readily taken to
40、the bomb. But there the similarities end, don“t they, so what lessons can be drawn from a bunch of zealots who flourished over 100 years ago and whose ideology now counts for practically nothing? At least two, actually. The first is that repression, expulsion and restrictions on free speech do littl
41、e to end terrorism. All were tried, often with great vigour, at the end of the 19th century when the anarchist violence that terrified much of Europe and parts of America was at its zenith. As our report makes clear, governments had good reason to respond. Austria, France, Italy, Spain and the Unite
42、d States all lost an empress, king, president or prime minister to anarchist assassins. Such murders were so common that King Umber to of Italy, throwing himself aside to escape a stabbing, casually remarked, “These are the risks of the job.“ (He was later shot dead.) Anarchists also killed lots of
43、less exalted innocents. Then, as now, governments responded to the clamour for action with measures to criminalise anyone preaching or condoning violence and, if they were foreign, to keep them out of the country. Spain brought in courts-martial for bombers, foreshadowing per haps America“s military
44、 commissions for Guantanamo trials. Britain, with a tradition of tolerating dissent, became home to many continental radicals, such as those driven out of Germany after the two attempts on Kaiser Wilhelm I“s life in 1878. Britain, however, was not afflicted with bombings as other countries were. Spa
45、in, where every kind of retribution including the crudest of tortures was the standard response, suffered many more outrages. Yet few lessons seem to have been learnt. Several of the new measures announced on August 5th by Tony Blair, Britain“s prime minister, echo almost exactly those passed in Fra
46、nce after a bomb had been lobbed into the French parliament in 1893. In both Britain and America, new attacks are said to be inevitable. Yet every new attack is followed by new measures, as though such measures could have averted an inevitability had they been in place before. They could not, both l
47、ogically and because terror ism cannot be defeated, as countries can be. That is the second lesson to be drawn from the anarchists.（分数：10.00）(1).It is implied in the second paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.to end terrorism is to end free speech.B.Licence in speech may breed peaceful environment.C.the base c
48、amp of anarchist violence is located in US.D.people from all walks of life are the targets of anarchists.(2).It can be inferred from the text that（分数：2.00）A.anarchists and Jihadists have a little in common.B.the ideology has been kept up and flourishing.C.strict measures had been carried out by Tony Blair.D.government“s reaction to relevant incidents has changed little over the past century.(3).UK used to be free from bombings due to（分数：2.00）A.its measures to condone criminals.B.its sinful plot of assassins.C.its expulsion of anarchists.D.its w
