1、考研英语-试卷 264及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Greg Focker, played by Ben Stiller, represents a generation of American kids (1)_ in t
2、he 1980s on the philosophy that any achievement, however slight, (2)_ a ribbon. (3)_ replaced punishment; criticism became a dirty word. In Texas, teachers were advised to (4)_ using red ink, the colour of (5)_. In California, a task force was set up to (6)_ the concept of self worth into the educat
3、ion system. Swathing youngsters in a (7)_ shield of self-esteem, went the philosophy, would protect them from the nasty things in life, such as bad school grades, underage sex, drug abuse, dead-end jobs and criminality. (8)_ that the ninth-place ribbons are in danger of strangling the (9)_ children
4、they were supposed to help. America“s (10)_ with self-esteemlike all developments in psychology, it gradually (11)_ its way to Britainhas turned children who were (12)_ with (13)_ into adults who (14)_ at even the mildest brickbats. Many believe that the feel-good culture has risen at the (15)_ of t
5、raditional education, an opinion espoused in a new book, Dumbing Down Our Kids: Why American Children Feel Good About Themselves But Can“t Read, Write, or Add, by the conservative commentator Charles Sykes. Not only that, but the foundations (16)_ which the self-esteem industry is built are being (1
6、7)_ as decidedly shaky. Roy Baumeister, professor of psychology at Florida State University and once a self-esteem enthusiast, is now (18)_ a revision of the populist orthodoxy. “After all these years, I“m sorry to say, my recommendation is this: forget, about self-esteem and (19)_ more on self-cont
7、rol and self-discipline“, he wrote recently. “Recent work suggests this would be good for the individual and good for societyand might even be able to (20)_ some of those promises that self-esteem once made but could not keep“.（分数：40.00）A.bornB.caredC.yieldedD.rearedA.preservedB.deservedC.reservedD.
8、conservedA.ApprehensionB.PlausibilityC.ApprovalD.ResentmentA.forbidB.banC.avoidD.evadeA.reproachB.apprehensionC.errorD.mistakeA.rejectB.injectC.projectD.dejectA.sturdyB.elasticC.flexibleD.smoothA.NowB.DespiteC.ForD.ExceptA.exactlyB.veryC.specificD.specialA.possessionB.repulsionC.obsessionD.compulsio
9、nA.wanderedB.cameC.filteredD.wentA.packedB.scrambledC.filledD.showeredA.complimentsB.complacencyC.flatteringD.boastA.fumbleB.crumpleC.stumbleD.staggerA.fareB.expenditureC.expenseD.riskA.forB.onC.toD.inA.supposedB.composedC.disposedD.exposedA.decidingB.forcingC.pioneeringD.imposingA.putB.cutC.condens
10、eD.concentrateA.fillB.takeC.commitD.bring二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression -related thoughts and emoti
11、ons and could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, a study released on Sunday by a U.S. psychology association found. The Washington D.C.-based American Psychological Association (APA) released the study, resulting from five experiments involving over 500 college students, in the May
12、 issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. The violent songs increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat, according to the study. It said the effect was not the result of differences in musical style, specific performing artist or arousal properties of the songs. E
13、ven the humorous violent songs increased aggressive thoughts, the study said. The group said the study contradicts a popular notion that listening to angry, violent music actually serves as a positive catharsis for people. The music industry came under criticism from lawmakers in October for failing
14、 to use more descriptive parental advisory labels that specify whether the music contains sex, violence or strong language. But the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has said that current CD labels give parents enough information without violating the right to free expression. The RIA
15、A is the trade group for the world“s five big labels, including AOL Time Warner Inc., EMI Group Plc., Bertelsmann AG, Vivendi Universal“s Universal Music and Sony Corp. Results of the APA“s experiments showed that violent songs led to more aggressive interpretations of ambiguously aggressive words a
16、nd increased the relative speed with which people read aggressive versus non-aggressive words. “Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response, verbal or physical, than would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory sp
17、iral of antisocial exchanges“, said researcher Craig Anderson, in a statement. While researchers said repeated exposure to violent lyrics could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, they said it was possible the effects of violent songs may last only a fairly short time.（分数：10.00）(1).
18、According to the study by APA, intensified aggression had nothing to do with _.（分数：2.00）A.actual performers of musicB.a more hostile environmentC.feelings of hostilityD.violent humors of the songs(2).The word “catharsis“ in Para. 3 most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.an unpopular notionB.the removal of
19、 strong feelingsC.an increase of aggressive emotionsD.the overreaction to violent lyrics(3).Which of the“ following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.The researchers“ work was unpopular because of its biased conclusions.B.The music industry was accused of unclear specification of the nature of the songs
20、.C.The current CD labels failed to specify whether the music is appropriate for youth.D.The music industry would have to yield to the pressure from the politicians.(4).Craig Anderson would probably agree that _.（分数：2.00）A.the relation between violent music and aggressive thoughts was ambiguousB.more
21、 experiments were needed to justify the results achieved so farC.antisocial exchanges could be ultimately attributed to violent songsD.nonbiased interpretations might cause more aggressive social responses(5).It can be concluded from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.some musical styles would lead to a
22、short period of increased social hostilityB.researchers were divided about the fundamental causes of aggressive emotionsC.parents needn“t worry a lot about their kids“ occasional exposure to violent songsD.music industry would have to be more alert to violent words in its musicThe biggest danger fac
23、ing the global airline industry is not the effects of terrorism, war, SARS and economic downturn. It is that these blows, which have helped ground three national flag carriers and force two American airlines into bankruptcy, will divert attention from the inherent weaknesses of aviation, which they
24、have exacerbated. As in the crisis that attended the first Gulf War, many airlines hope that traffic will soon bounce back, and a few catastrophic years will be followed by fuller planes, happier passengers and a return to profitability. Yet the industry“s problems are deeperand olderthan the trauma
25、 of the past two years implies. As the centenary of the first powered flight approaches in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry, created not long after the Wright Brothers made history, is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half o
26、f which make good profits. Yet commercial aviation consists of 267 international carriers and another 500-plus domestic ones. The world“s biggest carrier, American Airlines, has barely 7% of the global market, whereas the world“s biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) abou
27、t a quarter of the world“s automobile market. Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else, governments dictate who flies under what rules. These aim to preserve state-owned national flag-carriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And n
28、umerous restrictions on foreign ownership impede cross-border airline mergers. In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route networks too large. Trade unions resisting job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block chan
29、ge. In Europe, liberalization is limited by bilateral deals that prevent, for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Paris, or Lufthansa offering transatlantic flights from London“s Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is as if only Renaults were allowed to drive
30、 on French motorways. In airlines, the optimists are those who think that things are now so had that the industry has no option but to evolve. Frederick Reid, president of Delta Air Lines, said earlier this year that events since the September 11th attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, chan
31、ging the climate, creating a sort of nuclear winter and leading to a “compressed evolutionary cycle“. So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after five years of accelerated development?（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry _.（分数：2.00）A.a
32、re the effects of various disastersB.are actually not fully recognizedC.are attracting a lot of attentionD.are not the real cause of airlines“ bankruptcy(2).One of the facts that reflect the primitiveness of airline industry is _.（分数：2.00）A.its history is much longer than that of car industryB.it is
33、 composed of international and domestic carriersC.its market is divided by many a relatively small carrierD.it is still an industry of comparatively low profits(3).What does the author mean by “Aviation has been incompletely deregulated.“(Para. 3)?（分数：2.00）A.Governmental restrictions are still impos
34、ed on aviation industry in many areas.B.Governments help establish rules for aviation industry only in America and Europe.C.Some countries hope to help their national carriers keep up their national prestige.D.Many countries discourage merger plans between foreign and domestic carriers.(4).It can be
35、 inferred from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.free competition may help solve the problems confronting aviation industryB.problems in America are more of a political nature than that in EuropeC.car industry should exert a more powerful influence on aviation industryD.there is still a long way to go b
36、efore the problems can be solved(5).According to Fredrick Reid, the aviation industry _.（分数：2.00）A.is facing a very serious situationB.will confront a difficult evolutionC.has no way out of the present difficultyD.will experience a radical reformIn the college-admissions wars, we parents are the tru
37、e fighters. We“re pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. We say our motives are selfless and sensible. A degree from Stanford or Princeton is the ticket for life. If Aaron and Nicole don“t get in, they
38、“re forever doomed. Gosh, we“re delusional. I“ve twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. It“s the one-upmanship among parents. We see our kids“ college rating as medals proving how well or how poorly we“ve raised them. But we can“t acknowledge that
39、our obsession is more about us than them. So we“ve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesn“t matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. Admissions anxiety afflicts only a minority of parents. It“s true that getting into colle
40、ge has generally become tougher because the number of high-school graduates has grown. From 1994 to 2006, the increase is 28 percent. Still, 64 percent of freshmen attend schools where acceptance rates exceed 70 percent, and the application surge at elite schools dwarfs population growth. Take Yale.
41、 In 1994, it accepted 18.9 percent of 12,991 applicants; this year it admitted only 8.6 percent of 21,000. We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there won“t be enough medals to go around. Fearful parents prod their children to apply to more schools than ever. “The epicenters (of parenta
42、l anxiety) used to be on the coasts, Boston, New York, Washington, Los Angeles“, says Tom Parker, Amherst“s admissions dean. “But it“s radiated throughout the country“. Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success be
43、cause they get a better education and develop better contacts. All that“s plausible and mostly wrong. “We haven“t found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters“, says Ernest T. Pascarella of the University of Iowa, co author of “How College Affects Students“, an 827-page evaluat
44、ion of hundreds of studies of the college experience. Selective schools don“t systematically employ better instructional approaches than less-selective schools, according to a study by Pascarella and George Kuh of Indiana University. Some do; some don“t. On two measures professors“ feedback and the
45、number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse.（分数：10.00）(1).In the author“s eyes, parents pushing their kids to an elite degree are _.（分数：2.00）A.aggressiveB.misguidedC.reasonableD.failing(2).We can infer from the second paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the author used to serve in the armyB.ki
46、ds poorly brought up may hope to be acceptedC.there is a severe competition between poorly and well bred kidsD.failure to be admitted by selective schools may reflect badly on parents(3).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Most parents feel certain that their k
47、ids will be accepted by a college.B.High school graduates find it difficult to be admitted into a college.C.Fewer high school graduates apply to elite schools than before.D.Parents on the coasts are more worried about their kids“ admission.(4).According to Ernest T. Pascarella, elite schools _.（分数：2
48、.00）A.do not live up to their prestigeB.are not right to select their applicantsC.do not ensure a student“s successD.are not strictly selective(5).All of the following words are used to describe the author“s views of parents EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.anxietyB.delusionalC.obsessionD.sensibleThe U.S, Supreme Court“s decision Monday to let stand a ruling in an online defamation case will make it more difficult to determine correct legal jurisdictions in other Internet cases, legal experts sai
