1、考研英语-试卷 262及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (1)_ the turn of
2、the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (2)_ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (3)_,or by whom. But it began to be (4)_ in the early 1900s. Jazz is America“s contribution to (5)_ music. In contrast to classical music, which (6)_ formal European traditions, jazz is spont
3、aneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, (7)_ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920, jazz (8)_ like America. And (9)_ it does today. The (10)_ of this music are as interesting as the music (11)_. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (12)_.
4、 They were brought to the Southern states (13)_ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (14)_. When a Negro died his friends and relatives (15)_ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanies the (16)_. On the way to the cemetery
5、the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (17)_ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (18)_, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played (19)_ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (20)_ at the funeral
6、. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.（分数：40.00）A.AtB.InC.ByD.OnA.musicB.songC.melodyD.styleA.discoveredB.actedC.designedD.inventedA.noticedB.foundC.listenedD.heardA.classicalB.sacredC.lightD.popularA.formsB.followsC.approachedD.introducesA.expressingB.explainingC.ex
7、posingD.illustratingA.appearedB.feltC.soundedD.seemedA.soB.asC.eitherD.neitherA.originalsB.originsC.discoveriesD.resourcesA.concernedB.itselfC.availableD.oneselfA.playersB.followersC.pioneersD.fansA.forB.byC.withD.asA.monthsB.weeksC.hoursD.timesA.demonstratedB.composedC.formedD.hostedA.demonstration
8、B.processionC.bodyD.marchA.EvenB.ThereforeC.ButD.FurthermoreA.numberB.membersC.bodyD.relationsA.sadB.solemnC.funeralD.happyA.whistledB.sungC.showedD.presented二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questi
9、ons below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Advertising sells its products by offering seductive promises of youth, beauty, health, money, ease, romance, better lifestyle, even time. There“s no logical connection between a car and a cougar, but the image is powerful and presented with sophisticati
10、on. We buy it and we may well buy the product. When it comes to advertising, let the buyer beware. There are several less-than-candid techniques which advertisers use to get our attention. A product may be filmed or photographed in such a way to make it appear bigger, better, or more luscious. A pro
11、duct may be presented as being “unique“, “one-of-a-kind“, or “supreme“, when in fact it“s identical to other products on the market. A product may claim to be “new“ or “improved“ when only an insignificant change has been made. Finally, an advertiser may offer distorted truths or even tell outright
12、lies. It takes a while for the government or the competition to catch up with false claims in advertising. Meanwhile, the public has been led to believe that a mouth wash can cure the common cold, or that bee pollen retards aging in human skin. The consumer“s best defense is awareness. He can listen
13、 to, but not learn, the emotional message broadcast by the ad. He can distinguish between what the ad pretends to offer and what it is really selling. A face cream, for example, can only do so much. It can reduce dryness and provide temporary smoothness and moisture to the skin. But it is made in a
14、factory, not in a magician“s study. It cannot turn back the clock.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, many of the promises made by the advertiser are _.（分数：2.00）A.trueB.reliableC.not trueD.emotive(2).The author“s attitude towards advertising is _.（分数：2.00）A.overstatedB.favourableC.unfavourableD.e
15、motional(3).According to the author, consumers“ best policy towards advertising is _.（分数：2.00）A.to doubt its truthB.to disbelieve itC.to distinguish between what is true and what is not trueD.to know what products the advertiser is going to sell(4).According to the passage, many of the “new“, “impro
16、ved“ products are _.（分数：2.00）A.quite different from the old productsB.almost the same with the former productsC.insignificant productsD.not important goods(5).According to the passage, which technique is NOT used by advertisers to get our attention?（分数：2.00）A.A product may be filmed or photographed
17、to make it appear better.B.A product may be presented as “unique“, “supreme“.C.A product may claim to he “new“ or “improved“.D.A product may be sold at a discount.Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years.
18、It was always wicked and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the gravest danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may
19、, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, i
20、n which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in massacre, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change age-old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent
21、 war. I believe this to be a profound error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic assertions(主张)which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. The movement of world opinion during the
22、past two years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the international sphere, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun
23、to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West, but between
24、 Man and the H-bomb.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage implies that war is now _.（分数：2.00）A.more wicked than in the pastB.as wicked as in the pastC.less wicked than in the pastD.what people try to live with(2).According to the author _.（分数：2.00）A.it is impossible to live without warB.war is the only way to
25、settle international disagreementsC.war must be abolished if man wants to surviveD.war will be abolished by modern ingenuity(3).The author says that modern weapons _.（分数：2.00）A.will help abolish warB.put mankind in grave dangerC.wii1 gradually become part of man“s lifeD.need further improving(4).The
26、 author believes that the only way to abolish war is to _.（分数：2.00）A.abolish nuclear weaponsB.let the stronger side take over the worldC.improve bacteriological and chemical weaponsD.settle international issues through negotiation(5).The last paragraph suggests that _.（分数：2.00）A.nuclear war will def
27、initely not take placeB.international agreements are now reached more and more easilyC.man is beginning to realize that nuclear war is his greatest enemyD.world opinion is in favour of nuclear warA wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing
28、. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Days after days my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, a
29、nd I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn“t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization togetherhonesty, kindness, and so onaccountability may be the most importan
30、t of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no lawand, ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability to people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people“s behavior are far les
31、s effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are not done!“ Ye
32、t more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes.
33、 Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it“s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn“t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by
34、the parents who didn“t provide a stable home. I don“t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for
35、anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.（分数：10.00）(1).What the wise man said suggests that _.（分数：2.00）A.it“s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB.it“s certain that evil will prevail if g
36、ood men do nothing about itC.it“s only natural for virtue to defest evilD.it“s desirable for good men to keep away from evil(2).According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, _.（分数：2.00）A.society is to be held responsibleB.modern civilization is responsible for itC.the criminal him
37、self should bear the blameD.the standards of living should be improved(3).Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have _.（分数：2.00）A.less self-disciplineB.better sense of disciplineC.more mutual respetD.Less effective government(4).The writer is sorry to have noticed that _.（分数：2.0
38、0）A.people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB.people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC.today“s society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD.people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities(5).The key point of the passage is that _.（分数：2.00
39、）A.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB.more good examples should be set for people to followC.more restrictions should be imposed on people“s behaviourD.more people should accept the value of accountabilityStinking buses, their passengers pale and tired, jam the crowded
40、 streets. Drivers shout at one another and honk their horns. Smog smarts the eyes and chokes the senses. The scene is Athens at rush hour. The city of Plato and Pericles is in a sorry state of affairs, built without a plan, lacking even adequate sewerage facilities, hemmed in by mountains and the se
41、a, its 135 square miles crammed with 3.7 million people. Even Athens“ ruins are in ruin: sulfur dioxide eats away at the marble of the Parthenon and other treasures on the Acropolis. As Greek Premier Constantine Karamanlis has said, “The only solution for Athens would be to demolish half of it and s
42、tart all over again“. So great has been the population flow toward the city that entire hinterland villages stand vacant or nearly so. About 120,000 people from outlying provinces move to Athens every year, with the result that 40% of Greece“s citizenry are now packed into the capital. The migrants
43、come for the few available jobs, which are usually no better than the ones they fled. At the current rate of migration, Athens by the year 2000 will have a population of 6.5 million, more than half the nation. Aside from overcrowding and poor public transport, the biggest problems confronting Atheni
44、ans are noise and pollution. A government study concluded that Athens was the noisiest city in the world. Smog is almost at killing levels: 180,300mg of sulfur dioxide per cubic meter of air, or up to four times the level that the World Health Organization considers safe. Nearly half the pollution c
45、omes from cars. Despite high prices for vehicles and fuel ($2.95 per gallon), nearly 100,000 automobiles are sold in Greece each year; 3,000 driver“s licenses are issued in Athens monthly. After decades of neglect, Athens is at last getting some attention. In March a committee of representatives fro
46、m all major public service ministries met to discuss a plan to unclog the city, make it livable and clean up its environment. A save-Athens ministry, which will soon begin functioning, will propose heavy taxes to discourage in-migration, a minimum of $5 billion in public spending for Athens alone, a
47、nd other projects for the countryside to encourage residents to stay out. A master plan that will move many government offices to the city“s fringes is already in the works. Meanwhile, more Greeks keep moving into Athens. With few parks and precious few oxygen-producing plants, the city and its citi
48、zens are literally suffocating.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, one of the biggest problems confronting Athenians is noise, which is mainly caused by _.（分数：2.00）A.buildings being demolishedB.highways being repairedC.music being playedD.car horns being used(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage about the causes of overcrowding in Athens?（分数：2.00）A.Athens“ geographical location.B.The lack of town planning.C.Absence of accommodation.D.Provincia
