1、考研英语-试卷 261及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major m
2、eans of productioncapital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring (1)_ profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, (2)_, have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of (3)_ that they call “postindustrial“ society. One important change in such a soc
3、iety is that the ownership of (4)_ amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important (5)_ of profits and influence; knowledge as well as (6)_ capital brings profits and influence. There are many (7)_ with the thesis above, not the least of (8)_ is that wealthy capitalists can buy t
4、he experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not (9)_ the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the (10)_ of some new industries indicates. (11)_, genetic engineering and the new computer technology have (12)_ many new firms and made s
5、ome scientists quite rich. In (13)_ with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be (14)_ that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i.e., major corporations) soon (15)_ to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge. Moving down from the
6、 level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly (16)_. Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-middle-class level, but even more new jobs are being created in the low-skill, low-paying service (17)_. Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. I
7、ndividuals who fall too far behind in the (18)_ of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in the English language has been a severe (19)_ for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer
8、 illiteracy will hinder many more people and (20)_ them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.（分数：40.00）A.quantitativeB.extensiveC.comprehensiveD.sophisticatedA.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.neverthelessA.aggressionB.proficiencyC.productivityD.evolutionA.dominantB.impressiveC.magnificentD.signif
9、icantA.sourceB.factorC.componentD.elementA.adequateB.profitableC.materialD.spiritualA.advantagesB.consequencesC.problemsD.potentialsA.themB.thoseC.whichD.thatA.denyB.refuseC.admitD.acknowledgeA.emergenceB.innovationC.extinctionD.discoveryA.In additionB.For exampleC.Above allD.In shortA.producedB.cre
10、atedC.improvedD.facilitatedA.lineB.needC.doubtD.matchA.idealizedB.recognizedC.supervisedD.summarizedA.stepped inB.settled downC.leaned overD.turned outA.accessibleB.importantC.popularD.abundantA.enterprisesB.employmentC.professionsD.industriesA.controlB.masteryC.searchD.pursuitA.handicapB.penaltyC.i
11、nconvenienceD.shortcomingA.enforceB.punishC.confineD.condemn二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The Federal Communications Commission is not alone i
12、n worrying about television stations that air corporate advertisements masquerading as news stories. In fact, the FCC requires that broadcast stations disclose the corporate backers of “video news releases“ or face a maximum fine of $32,500 for each violation. Enough violations and a station could l
13、ose its license. The FCC sets out a clear policy: All outside news reporting must be identified, disclosing the source of any video news release aired on a news program. There are occasional declines. A nonprofit consumer watchdog group reported to the FCC that 77 stations broadcast video features a
14、bout products from 49 companies without pointing out that they were produced by public relations firms representing these corporations. Public relations firms have one goal: to make their video news releases look as if they are legitimate news reports, not propaganda. However, PR-produced video news
15、 releases merely are the tip of the iceberg. Ever since newspapers began, special-interest groups have tried to influence the quality and quantity of the news printed. Often, in exchange for advertising revenue, newspapers would print glowing stories of their sponsors and suppress any news that migh
16、t hurt their heavy advertisers. Those without the ability to inform the press, either through news releases or contacts usually are ignored unless they commit a crime or act in attention-getting ways. For most of the 20th century, women and people of color found it almost impossible to break the spe
17、cial-interest news barriers. Their stories were ignored unless there was a sensational or unique element. Usually, though, items concerning these minorities required an enormous wrongdoing, such as the murder of someone in the white community or some attack on the status quo that threatened the peac
18、e and quiet, as well as the productivity, of a neighborhood. There have been splendid exceptions, but not many. One reason the Hispanic news media has been so successful is that it caters to its audience in the same manner all media does. While its bias may seem different, it actually is the same bi
19、as all media has: an overwhelming concern to keep its supporters happy. So, while the hue and cry over PR-created video news releases are well and good, they really do not attack the problem of biased news, and appeals to a specific group that shares the same prejudices and concerns about the presen
20、t and future. All of this is one key reason Americans so often are surprised when the news outlets are forced to report stories that do not please advertisers or consumers. Better to continue, when possible, a steady supply of news about the latest celebrity baby or yet another piece about sex offen
21、ders or restaurant health violations.（分数：10.00）(1).Television stations in the U.S. are NOT allowed to broadcast programs of _（分数：2.00）A.advertisement videos that can be easily recognized by audience as promotions.B.reports on crimes committed by colored people.C.news releases to help with the produc
22、t distribution of its sponsor.D.stories on successes of minorities.(2).By describing the public relations companies that produce news videos, the author intends to _（分数：2.00）A.make them seem like stories that are reliable and convincible.B.disguise their propaganda in the appearance of news report.C
23、.reflect the phenomena of news for special interest groups.D.introduce a new policy of the Federal Communications Commission.(3).It is most possible for a supporter of a newspaper to be reported for _（分数：2.00）A.his offending of unimportant rules and regulations.B.the health violation of a restaurant
24、 held by his group.C.a sexual scandal which he involves in.D.the launch of a new invention in his company.(4).According to the text, the Hispanic news media are successful because _（分数：2.00）A.they meet the interests of Spanish America.B.they report the current wrongdoings of minorities.C.they help k
25、eep the productivity of the society of white people.D.they focus on the same news as other news media do.(5).From the text we can conclude that news media that release biased news reports would probably _（分数：2.00）A.be punished by a large sum of fine.B.lose the right to operate for a period.C.be forc
26、ed to report news that do not please advertisers and consumers.D.have no punishment at all.President Bush has once again started speaking out for comprehensive immigration reform, and a draft plan to rally Republican senators on the issue is circulating just as Congressional hearings on the issue ap
27、proach. Members of Congress recognize that voters are looking for real reform that rests on resolute, effective enforcement of our immigration laws. The only serious legislative proposal on the table offers such enforcement, because it focuses on making employers accountable for their hiring practic
28、es. To that end, the bill incorporates lessons learned from the largest immigration enforcement operation ever undertaken. Last December, Department of Homeland Security agents descended on meat processing plants run by Swirl on the Raven“s, one third did. Healthy children showed no such disparity.
29、That presents a puzzle. If many autistics are more intelligent than an IQ test shows, why haven“t their parents noticed? Partly because many parents welcome a low score, which brings their child more special services from schools and public agencies. But another force is at work. “We often think of
30、intelligence as what you can show, such as by speaking fluently“, says a psychologist. “Parents as well as professionals might be biased to look at that“ rather than dig for the hidden intellectual spark. The challenge is to coax that spark into the kind of intelligence that manifests itself in prac
31、tice. That is something autism researchers are far from doing. Many experts dismiss autistics“ exceptional reading, artistic or other abilities as side effects of abnormal brain function. They advise parents to steer their child away from what he excels at and obsesses over, and toward what he strug
32、gles with. It makes you wonder how many other children, whose intellectual potential we“re too blind to see, we“ve also given up on.（分数：10.00）(1).Autistic children always get lower scores in IQ tests than other children because _（分数：2.00）A.they are retarded due to lack of communication.B.the test me
33、thods require too may interactions.C.their intelligence level is lower than other children.D.they cannot understand the instructions of strangers.(2).The new type of IQ test taken by researchers is one that _（分数：2.00）A.is designed solely for autistic children.B.requires the children to respond to qu
34、estions.C.is more widely used in today“s society.D.asks the children to find logical relationships among patterns.(3).Which of the following is not the reason why parents are unable to find the hidden intelligence in their autistic children?（分数：2.00）A.They want their children to have a low intellige
35、nce level to get some benefits.B.The lower IQ test scores can bring to their children more special services.C.The social recognition of intelligence mainly relies on the ability of expression.D.Some experts always consider the hidden intelligence as abnormal functions.(4).The author indicates that a
36、utism researchers should not focus on _（分数：2.00）A.trying to use IQ test methods which are suitable for autistic children to get reasonable scores.B.asking the parents of autistic children to find abilities such as reading in their children.C.finding ways to teach autistic to communicate and engage w
37、ith strangers.D.encouraging autistic children to make use of their own intelligence in practice.(5).Which of the following conflicts with what the text conveys?（分数：2.00）A.Children with hidden intelligence are easily considered as low IQ by adults.B.The current prevailing IQ test methods pay much att
38、ention to verbal intelligence.C.Autistic children are in fact more intelligent than normal children.D.Parents should try to find the potential of their children and make it into practice.An analysis of workplace trends shows that employee perks, a reliable indicator of job market strength, are begin
39、ning to make a comeback. While not as Extravagant as those offered in the late 1990s, companies clearly are shifting their focus from workforce reduction to workforce retention. Firms realize that they require a foundation of experienced, trained, and motivated workers. These employers are improving
40、 and/ or adding perks to prevent an exodus of workers that could occur as the economy continues improving. They also may be looking further down the road when severe labor shortages are expected to return. An analysis of perks offered in today“s workplace shows that many of the 1990s-style benefits,
41、 such as game rooms and luxury car leases, have been abandoned. The perks that remain popular with employers and employees are those that help workers stay healthy, career focused, and financially stable. Perhaps the most appreciated are those that help individuals maintain work-life balance. Work-l
42、ife balance is just one part of the growing concern companies have about the overall emotional and physical health of their workers. Employees who are stressed out or depressed because they do not feel as if they are giving enough attention to the nonwork aspects of their lives ultimately are unprod
43、uctive. More and more companies also are learning that workers desire the opportunity to grow professionally in the workplace. HewlettPackard, for instance, has boosted its employee education and development budget by 20%. Nationwide Insurance, based in Columbus, Ohio, established a career-planning
44、website in 2003. The site provides information on company job opportunities, career development, and an in-house mentoring program. Nationwide also is helping to educate its employees in financial matters, acknowledging that workers distracted by such issues on the job are not giving their full atte
45、ntion to the company“s priorities. It is adding classes and seminars on personal finance issues and 401(k) investments. Sometimes perks simply are about keeping employee morale elevated. Knowing that an improving economy might prompt valued employees to seek new opportunities, the owner of Ticketcit
46、y. com has lavished his best performers with tickets to the Masters golf tournament(锦标赛), access to country clubs, and invitations to a management retreat in Sedona, Ariz. Moreover, even companies that cannot afford to institute costly perks can find ways to make sure current employees are happy. Do
47、ug Dorman, vice president of human resources for the Greenville (S.C.) Hospital System explains that there is a definite sense of urgency when it comes to employee retention, knowing that labor shortages are returning. Dorman notes, however, that they have not focused on perks, “but rather on creati
48、ng a culture of recognition and appreciation. Employees stay when they have good two-way communication with management and are truly appreciated and recognized for their contributions“.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “perks“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.a payment or profit received in addition to a regular wage or salary.B.release of entertainment facilities such as game rooms or luxury cars.C.the balance between the work and balance of employees.D.the opportunities to improve one“s exp
