1、考研英语-试卷 25及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Is the United States a melting pot? In other words, have immigrants to the USA merged w
2、ith the native Americans and (1)_ to be Germans, Japanese, Poles, Irish, etc? It has been (2)_ a “pot of stew“ might be a more suitable word than “melting pot“, (3)_ in a stew the meat and vegetables keep their own characteristics, but (4)_ to the spices and the (5)_ it is cooked, the stew has a dis
3、tinctive flavor of its own. The implications of “melting pot“ (6)_ American social workers and language teachers, many of (7)_ feel that racial and national groups should be encouraged to (8)_ their customs, traditions and languages. At the same time it is agreed that all Americans, (9)_ their origi
4、ns, must learn to speak English clearly and fluently, and they must learn to (10)_ themselves to the American way of life. However, there are ethnic groups who still (11)_ together, who speak their own languages and have preserved many of their old customs. There are Hispanic (12)_, e.g. Mexicans, C
5、ubans, Puerto Ricans, most of whom still speak Spanish as their (13)_ language. There are the American Indians and (14)_ Asian groups, all of whom speak their own languages. Then there are the 20 million blacks, who, (15)_ they speak English, for the most part live separately. Many blacks are beginn
6、ing to (16)_ their roots right back to the African tribes (17)_ which their ancestors were torn in the days of slavery and some of them are (18)_ themselves more and more with Africa. Some black leaders (19)_, reminding them that their culture and their language are not African. They are American. B
7、ut many blacks are (20)_ bitter against white culture to feel American.（分数：40.00）A.ceasedB.stoppedC.pausedD.haltedA.impliedB.indicatedC.suggestedD.deducedA.soB.forC.thoughD.unlessA.dueB.oweC.thanksD.nextA.wayB.methodC.mannerD.styleA.disturbB.puzzleC.thrillD.terrifyA.themB.thoseC.whoD.whomA.abandonB.
8、submitC.preserveD.withholdA.whateverB.howeverC.whereverD.wheneverA.reformB.adaptC.modifyD.convertA.stickB.glueC.gatherD.assembleA.societiesB.communitiesC.tribesD.establishmentA.firstB.bestC.fittestD.superiorA.differentialB.variableC.variousD.alternateA.thoughB.ifC.evenD.sinceA.pursueB.trailC.traceD.
9、upholdA.aboutB.forC.fromD.againstA.identifyingB.recognizingC.verifyingD.realizingA.disapproveB.suspectC.discontentD.rejectA.soB.tooC.quiteD.very二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each
10、 text by choosing A, B, C or D._Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and respectable occupations. Personal consultants give better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attrac
11、tive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were th
12、ought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than t
13、he attractive female executives. Increasingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived
14、 to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine“ qualities required. This is true even in poli
15、tics. “When the one clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,“ says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order o
16、f attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive
17、invariably received the fewest votes.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “liability“ (Para. 1) most probably means_（分数：2.00）A.misfortuneB.instabilityC.disadvantageD.burden(2).In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness_（分数：2.00）A.reinforces the female qualities requiredB.makes women look more honest and capable
18、C.is of primary importance to womenD.often enables women to succeed quickly(3).Bowman“s experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness_（分数：2.00）A.turns out to be an obstacleB.affects men and women alikeC.has as little effect on men as on womenD.is more of an obstacle than a benefi
19、t to women(4).It can be inferred from the passage that people“s views on beauty are often_（分数：2.00）A.practicalB.prejudicedC.old-fashionedD.radical(5).The author writes this passage to_（分数：2.00）A.discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveB.give advice to job-seekers who are attractiveC.demand e
20、qual rights for womenD.emphasize the importance of appearanceThe idea of public works projects as a device to prevent or control depression was designed as a means of creating job opportunities for unemployed workers and as a “pump priming“ device to aid business to revive. It was conceived during t
21、he early years of the New Deal Era (19331937). By 1933, the number of unemployed workers had reached about 13 million. This meant that about 50 million peopleabout one-third of the nationwere without means of support. At first, direct relief in the form of cash or food was provided these people. Thi
22、s made them recipients of government charity. In order to remove this stigma and restore to the unemployed some measure of respectability and human dignity, a plan was devised to create governmentally sponsored work projects that private industry would not or could not provide. This would also stimu
23、late production and revive business activity. The best way to explain how this procedure is expected to work is to explain how it actually worked when it was first tried. The first experiment with it was the creation of the Works Project Administration (WPA). This agency set up work projects in vari
24、ous fields in which there were many unemployed. For example, unemployed actors were organized into theater projects, orchestras were organized for unemployed musicians, teaching projects for unemployed teachers, and even writers“ projects for unemployed writers. Unemployed laborers were put to work
25、building or maintaining roads, parks, playgrounds, or public buildings. These were all temporary work relief projectsrather than permanent work opportunities. More substantial work projects of a permanent nature were organized by another agency, the Public Works Administration (PWA). This agency und
26、ertook the planning of construction of schools, houses, post offices, dams, and other public structures. It entered into contracts with private construction firms to erect them, or it loaned money to local or state governments which undertook their constructions. This created many jobs in the factor
27、ies producing the material as well as in the projects themselves, and greatly reduced the number of unemployed. Still another agency which provided work projects for the unemployed was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). This agency provided job opportunities for youths aged 16 to 20 to work in n
28、ational parks or forests clearing land, guarding against fires, building roads, or doing other conservation work. In the event of a future depression, the federate government might revive any or all of the above methods to relieve unemployment and stimulate business.（分数：10.00）(1).The PWA differed fr
29、om the WPA in that（分数：2.00）A.the work projects of the former were carded out by the Federal Government_B.the government subsidized private industryC.the number of unemployed was reducedD.the former was government“s first attempt to end hardship due to unemployment(2).One method of preventing or alle
30、viating depression Not mentioned by the author is the use of _（分数：2.00）A.the doleB.the WPAC.the CCCD.job sharing(3).The author implies that_（分数：2.00）A.individuals on relief do not receive enough money to meet basic needsB.those who get direct financial aid from the government suffer a loss of human
31、dignityC.aid should be given in the form of food subsidiesD.a program of “pump priming“ is vital at all times(4).By using the expression “pump priming“ as a description of public works projects, the author implies that it_（分数：2.00）A.was pouring money down the drainB.lowered human dignityC.avoided di
32、rect charityD.provided business with initial impetus which would make it self sufficient(5).The passage mainly talks about_（分数：2.00）A.the New Deal Era (19931937)B.the WPA and the PWAC.a pattern for the futureD.one-third of a nationOnce it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the di
33、vision of labour. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for men or women to exchange their roles. But by t
34、he middle of this century, men“s and women“s roles were becoming less firmly fixed. In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class Am
35、erican goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in child care, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and child care responsibilities were shar
36、ed equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam. In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many pa
37、rts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “over-time“ work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from h
38、igh paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighbourhoods. In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women“s liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them stil
39、l took traditional women“s jobs such as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally, male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.（分数：10.00）(1).
40、Which of the following best expresses the main point of Paragraph 1?_（分数：2.00）A.Women usually worked outside the home for wagesB.Men“s and women“s roles were easily exchanged in the pastC.Men“s roles at home were more firmly fixed than women“sD.Men“s and women“s roles were usually quite separated in
41、 the past(2).Which sentence is the main idea of Paragraph 2?_（分数：2.00）A.The first sentenceB.The second and the third sentencesC.The fourth sentenceD.The last sentence(3).In the passage the author suggests that the counterculture_（分数：2.00）A.destroyed the United StatesB.changed some American valuesC.w
42、as not important in the United StatesD.brought people more leisure time with their families(4).It could be inferred from the passage that_（分数：2.00）A.men and women will never share the same goalsB.some men will be willing to change their traditional male rolesC.most men will be happy to share some of
43、 the household responsibilities with their wivesD.more American households are headed by women than ever before(5).The best title for the article is_（分数：2.00）A.Results of Feminist MovementB.New Influences in American LifeC.Counterculture and Its ConsequenceD.Traditional Division of Male and Female R
44、olesOur culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one“s side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American count
45、ries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift“ means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves a
46、s friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm“s length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures,
47、customs and languages of other countries, are losing our friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multili
48、ngual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up ate conditioned by those nativesusually the richerwho speak English. Our business dealings, as well as
