1、考研英语-试卷 256 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Most people would be (1)_ by the high quality of medicine (2)_ to most Americans. The
2、re is a lot of specialization, a great deal of (3)_ to the individual, a (4)_ amount of advanced technical equipment, and (5)_ effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must (6)_ in the courts if they (7)_ things badly. But the Americans are in a mess. The
3、 problem is the way in (8)_ health care is organized and (9)_. (10)_ to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not (11)_ the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part o
4、f the system, (12)_ this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollarsmore than 10 percent of the U.S. Budgetlarge number of Americans are left (13)_. These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits (14)_ income fixed by a government trying to make savings whe
5、re it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control (15)_ the health system. There is no (16)_ to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothac
6、he, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is (17)_ up. Two thirds of the population (18)_ covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want (19)_ that the insurance company will pay the bill. The rising cost of medicine in the U.S. A. is among
7、the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country“s health bill climbed 15.9 percentabout twice as fast as prices (20)_ general.（分数：40.00）A.compressedB.impressedC.obsessedD.repressedA.availableB.attainableC.achievableD.amenableA.extensionB.retentionC.attentionD.exertionA.countlessB.
8、titanicC.broadD.vastA.intensiveB.absorbedC.intenseD.concentratedA.run intoB.encounterC.faceD.defyA.treatB.dealC.maneuverD.handleA.whichB.thatC.whatD.whenA.to financeB.financedC.the financeD.to be financedA.ContraryB.Opposed toC.AverseD.ObjectedA.looking forB.looking intoC.looking afterD.looking over
9、A.whichB.whatC.thatD.itA.overB.outC.offD.awayA.forB.inC.withD.onA.overB.onC.underD.behindA.boundaryB.restrictionC.confinementD.limitA.to payB.payingC.payD.to have paidA.is beingB.areC.have beenD.isA.knowingB.to knowC.they knowD.knownA.inB.withC.onD.for二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section
10、 II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your body“s ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pr
11、essure, stroke, and weak bones. With remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foodsfruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoesis the body“s best weapon in thwarting many health-related problems. These foods work agai
12、nst so many diseases that the same healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones. Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetable
13、s, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent“ of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the dev
14、elopment of cancers, but they currently believe that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence about a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now“, says Melanie Polk, a registered di
15、etitian and director of nutrition education at the American Institute for Cancer Research. The road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skeletal system and keeps
16、 your bones from turning rubbery and fragile. Your body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cells, to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If you don“t absorb enough f
17、rom what you eat to satisfy these requirements, your body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesn“t produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200mg, most adults don“t eat more than 500mg. One reason may have
18、 been the perception that calcium-rich dairy products were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women, in particular, worried that dairy products were high in calories“, says Letha Y. Griffin, M. D., of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat
19、 or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt“. Also, low-fat dairy products contain phosphorous and magnesium and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium. If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, ask your do
20、ctor about supplements. They“re a potent way to get calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But if you rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet, you won“t benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your body makes the vitami
21、n when your skin is exposed to the sun“s rays.（分数：10.00）(1).Which kind of food is recommended to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones?（分数：2.00）A.Calcium-rich food.B.Plant-based and starchy staples food.C.High-fat, high-calorie food.D.Vitamin D-rich foo
22、d.(2).The word “thwart“ (Para. 1) most probably means“_“（分数：2.00）A.destroyB.forbidC.cureD.prevent(3)._percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles.（分数：2.00）A.30-40B.40-50C.50-60D.60-70(4).According t
23、o the passage, cancers may take some healthy steps other than_.（分数：2.00）A.stop smokingB.exercise regularlyC.take non-fat dietD.control their weight(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim
24、 milk or low-fat yogurt.B.Calcium plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells.C.You can rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet to take enough calcium.D.If you want to absorb calcium, you should expose yourself to the sun“s rays.A multinational corporation is a
25、 corporate enterprise, which though headquartered in one country, conducts its operations through branches that it owns or controls around the world. The organizations, mostly based in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, have become major actors on the international stage, for some of them
26、 are wealthier than many of the countries they operate in. The less developed countries often welcome the multinationals because they are a source of investment and jobs. Yet their presence has its drawbacks, for these organizations soon develop immense political and economic influence in the host c
27、ountries. Development becomes concentrated in a few industries that are oriented to the needs of the outsiders; profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested; and local benefits go mainly to a small ruling group whose interests are tied to those of the foreigners rather than to those of the
28、ir own people. The effect is to further increase export dependency and to limit the less developed countries“ control of their own economies. It seems that both the modernization and world-system approaches may be valid in certain respects. The modernization model does help us make sense of the hist
29、orical fact of industrialization and of the various internal adjustments that societies undergo during this process. The world-system model reminds us that countries do not develop in isolation. They do so in a context of fierce international political and economic competition, a competition whose o
30、utcome favors the stronger parties. Today, the less developed countries are struggling to achieve in the course of a few years the material advantages that the older industrialized nations have taken generations to gain. The result is often a tug-of-war between the forces of modernization and the se
31、ntiments of tradition, with serious social disturbance as the result. The responses have taken many different forms: military overthrow by army officers determined to impose social order; fundamentalist religious movements urging a return to absolute moralities and certainties of the past; nationali
32、sm as a new ideology to unite the people for the challenge of modernization. And sometimes social change takes place in a way that is not evolutionary, but revolutionary.（分数：10.00）(1).Why do the less developed countries welcome the multinationals?（分数：2.00）A.Because multinationals are more developed.
33、B.Because multinationals bring investment and jobs.C.Because multinationals conduct their operations through branches.D.Because multinationals are wealthier.(2).Which of the following is NOT the problems brought by multinationals?（分数：2.00）A.They limit the host country“s control of their own economie
34、s.B.Profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested.C.Various industries develop in the host country.D.They increase the host country“s export dependency(3).Which of the following is most likely to benefit from the fierce international political and economic competition?（分数：2.00）A.The host in
35、dustries.B.The local people.C.Those stronger and richer countries.D.The local ruling group.(4).What does the word “tug-of-war“ probably refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Serious social disorder.B.Military overthrow by army officers.C.Fierce international political and economic competition.D.Struggle between moder
36、nization and the sentiments of tradition.(5).What is the root cause of serious social disturbance in less developed countries?（分数：2.00）A.Violent social change.B.Military overthrow.C.Nationalism.D.Fundamentalist religious movements.Hawaii“s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty
37、 over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago“s political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea. The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii“s na
38、tive peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state“s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy. Bu
39、t a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii“s first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives“ cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in the
40、ir demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the stateas enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives“ interests and which has now become the mod
41、erate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state au
42、thorities only count those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood as native. Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposi
43、tion from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.（分数：10.00）(1).Hawaii“s nat
44、ive minority refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.people of Filipino originB.the Ka Lahui groupC.people with 50% Hawaiian bloodD.Hawaii“s ethnic groups(2).Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives?（分数：2.00）A.They are the only native group without sovereignty.B.Their life span is 5 years shor
45、ter than average Americans.C.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.D.Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.(3).Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?（分数：2.00）A.He suggested that the native people decide for themselves.B.He is leading the local independ
46、ence movement.C.He is Hawaii“s first native governor.D.He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.(4).Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?（分数：2.00）A.The Hawaiian natives.B.American Indian natives.C.Office of Hawaiian Affairs.D.The Ka Lahui gro
47、up.(5).Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.more back rent on the crown landB.full independence from the USC.a greater autonomy within the stateD.a claim on the Hawaiian crown landThe Pakistani president, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, announced here today that a delegation o
48、f Pakistani officials would fly to the Taliban“s headquarters in the southern Afghan city of Kandahar Monday to renew demands that the militia surrender Saudi fugitive Osama Bin Laden. U.S. officials have named Bin Laden, who has been given shelter by the Taliban rulers in Afghanistan, as the prime suspect in Tuesday“s terrorist attacks in Washington and New York. “We are aware of the gravity of the situation and know that in the lives of nations, such situations do arise that require making important decisions“, Mus
