1、考研英语-试卷 253 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Can earthquake be predicted? Scientists are (1)_ programs to predict where and when a
2、n earthquake will occur. They hope to (2)_ an early warning system that can be used to (3)_ earth-quakes so that lives can be saved. The scientists who are (4)_ this work is called seismologists. The word seismologist is (5)_ from the Greek word seismos, meaning earthquake. Earthquakes are the most
3、dangerous and (6)_ of all natural events. They occur in many parts of the world. Giant earthquakes have been (7)_ in Iran, China, India, Alaska, and so on. Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever recorded (8)_ in China and Alaska, which measured about 8.5 on the Richter Scale. The Richter Scal
4、e was (9)_ by Charles Richter in 1935, and compares the energy (10)_ of earthquakes. An earthquake that measures a 2 on the scale can be felt but causes (11)_ damage. One that measures 4.5 on the scale can cause slight damage, and an earth-quake that has a reading of over 7 can cause (12)_ damage. I
5、t is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates a quake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3. How do earthquakes occur? Earthquakes are caused by the shifting of rocks along cracks, or faults, in the earth“s crust. The (13)_ is produced when rocks near each other are pulled (14)_ diff
6、erent directions. Earthquake (15)_ is in its infancy. Scientists have only a (16)_ understanding of the physical (17)_ that cause earthquakes. Much more research has to be done. New and more up-to-date (18)_ have to be found for collecting earthquake data and analyzing it. (19)_, seismologists have
7、had some success in predicting earthquakes. Several small earthquakes were predicted. While this is a small start, it is (20)_ a beginning.（分数：40.00）A.working forB.working onC.taking onD.taking forA.developB.produceC.learnD.discoverA.preventB.protectC.forecastD.influenceA.indulged inB.taken inC.inte
8、rested inD.involved inA.gotB.passedC.obtainedD.derivedA.deadB.deadlyC.fatalD.mortalA.recordedB.occurredC.predictedD.measuredA.took upB.took onC.took offD.took placeA.devisedB.revisedC.advisedD.advertisedA.levelB.gradeC.strengthD.standardA.fewB.littleC.muchD.noA.majorB.minorC.extremeD.unknownA.rockB.
9、earthquakeC.faultD.crustA.inB.onC.byD.withA.reportingB.measuringC.recordingD.predictionA.completeB.partialC.deepD.profoundA.processesB.proceduresC.proceedingsD.processionsA.modesB.mannersC.methodsD.routinesA.FurthermoreB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.HoweverA.stillB.justC.alsoD.instead二、Reading Comprehensio(
10、总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._I am not an accomplished lawyer. I find quite as much material for a lecture in those points wherein I have failed, as in those where I
11、 have been moderately successful. The leading rule for the lawyer, as for the man, of every other calling, is diligence. Leave nothing for tomorrow which can be done today. Never let your correspondences fall behind. Whatever piece of business you have in hand, before stopping, do all the labor rela
12、ted to it which can then be done. When you bring a common law suit, if you have the facts for doing so, write the declaration at once. If a law point be involved, examine the books and note the authority you rely on the declaration itself, where you are sure to find it when wanted. In business not l
13、ikely to be litigated,ordinary collection cases, partitions, and the likemake all examinations of titles, note them and even draft orders and official orders in advance. This course has a triple advantage: it avoids omissions and neglect, saves your labor, when once done, performs the labor out of c
14、ourt when you have leisure, rather than in court when you have not. Spontaneous speaking should be practiced and cultivated. It is the lawyer“s avenue to the public. However able and faithful he may be in other respects, people are slow bringing him business, if he cannot make a speech. And yet here
15、 is not a more fatal error to young lawyers, than relying too much on speechmaking. If any one, upon his rare powers of speaking, shall claim exemption from the exhausting work of the law, his case is a failure in advance. Discourage litigation. Persuade your neighbors to compromise whenever you can
16、. Point out to them how the nominal winner is often a real loserin fees, and expenses, and waste of time. As a peacemaker the lawyer has a superior opportunity of being a good man. There will still be business enough. Never stir up litigation. A worse man can scarcely be found than one who does this
17、. Who can be more nearly a friend than he who habitually overhauls the Register of deeds in search of defects in titles, whereon to stir up strife, and put money in his pocket? A moral tone ought to be introduced into the profession, which should drive such men out of it.（分数：10.00）(1).How does the a
18、uthor think of himself?（分数：2.00）A.He is good at spontaneous speaking.B.He is an excellent and moral lawyer.C.He works very hard to win the suit.D.He has not only experienced success but also failure.(2).According to the passage, the lawyer should（分数：2.00）A.make thorough preparations in order to get
19、more business.B.practice and depend on speechmaking to become an excellent lawyer.C.write the declaration at once when he has enough facts, dealing with ordinary cases.D.examine the law book and document the resource of authority when concerning a law point.(3).By saying “the nominal winner is often
20、 a real loser“(Paragraph 2), the author means（分数：2.00）A.man loses some practical things despite the wining of a suit.B.man needs to care more about the expense of a suit.C.the fame is not important for a person.D.it does not matter to lose a suit.(4).The most vicious lawyers are those who（分数：2.00）A.
21、are careless and make mistakes in the court.B.draw people into a lawsuit in order to earn money.C.are not peacemakers when disputes appear among neighbors.D.cannot help winning the case when people pay a lot of money.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the author wants to（分数：2.00）A.criticiz
22、e the vicious lawyers.B.recall his own life as a lawyer.C.give advice to young lawyers.D.inform the readers how-to select a lawyer.SoBig. F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection, because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was
23、so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by anti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing
24、traffic still furthers. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus. SoBig. F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting“ e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected co
25、mputers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected. Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus sof
26、tware, thinks that one reason SoBig. F was so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard-drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-security center at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, note that, unlike its precursors, SoB
27、ig. F was capable of “multi-threading“: it could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes. Blaster worked by creating a “buffer overrun in the remote procedure call“. In other word, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsoft“s Windows opera
28、ting system to allow one computer to control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory. Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humor, since the website under attack was the one from which
29、 users could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting. One way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster someone seems to have tried
30、exactly that with a program called Welchi. However, according to Mr. Haley, Welchi has caused almost as many problems as Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with “pings“signals that checked for the presence of other computers. Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives
31、of their authors, they still caused damage. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York Times newsroom, and the one organizing trains operated by CSX, a freight company on America“s east coast. Computer scientists expect that it is
32、only a matter of time before a truly devastating virus is unleashed.（分数：10.00）(1).SoBig. F damaged computer programs mainly by（分数：2.00）A.sending them an overpowering number of messages.B.harvesting the addresses stored in the computers.C.infecting the computers with an invisible virus.D.destroying t
33、he anti-virus software of the computers.(2).The word “doctored“(Paragraph 1) probably means（分数：2.00）A.cured a disease.B.diagnosed a virus.C.became a doctor.D.changed to deceive.(3).Compared with SoBig. F, Blaster was a virus that was（分数：2.00）A.more destructive.B.more humorous.C.less vulnerable.D.les
34、s noticeable.(4).We learn from the passage that Welchi is（分数：2.00）A.a wicked worm causing as many damages as Blaster did.B.a program designed by Haley to detect worms like Blaster.C.a program intended to fix the infected machines.D.a worm meant to defeat the virus with “pings“.(5).What can we infer
35、from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Computer scientists are quit optimistic about the existing anti-virus programs.B.Computer scientists are looking forward to the coming anti-virus programs.C.Computer scientists consider the existing viruses not the really destructive ones.D.Computer scientists rega
36、rd the coming viruses as the really destructive ones.Of all the truths that this generation of Americans hold self-evident, few are more deeply embedded in the national psyche than the maxim “It pays to go to college.“ Since the GI Bill transformed higher education in the aftermath of WWII, a colleg
37、e diploma, once a birthright of the leisured few, has become an attraction for the upwardly mobile, as integral to the American dream as the pursuit of happiness itself. The numbers tell the story: in 1950s, 43% of high-school graduates went on to pursue some form of higher education; at the same ti
38、me, only 6% of Americans were college graduates. But by 1998, almost 2 to out of 3 secondary-school graduates were opting for higher educationand 21% of a much larger U.S. population had college diplomas. As Prof. Herbert London of New York University told a commencement audience last June: “the col
39、lege experience has gone from a rite passage to a right of passage.“ However, as the class of 2004 is so painfully discovering, while a college diploma remains a requisite credential for ascending the economic ladder, it no longer guarantees the good life. Rarely since the end of the Great Depressio
40、n has the job outlook for college graduates appeared so bleak: of the 1.1 million students who received their bachelor degrees last spring, fewer than 20% had lined up full-time employment by commencement. Indeed, an uncertain job market has precipitated a wave of economic fear and trembling among t
41、he young. “Many of my classmates are absolutely terrified,“ says one of the fortunate few who did manage to land a permanent position. “They wonder if they“ll ever find a job.“ Some of this recession-induced anxiety will disappear if a recovery finally begins to generate jobs at what economists cons
42、ider a normal rate. But the sad fact is that for the foreseeable future, college graduates will in considerable surplus, enabling employers to require a degree even for jobs for which a college education is really unnecessary. According to Kristina Shelley of the Bureau of Labor Statisticswho bases
43、her estimate on a “moderate projection“ of current trends30 per-cent of college graduates entering the labor t0rce between now and the year 2008 will be unemployed or will find employment in jobs for which they will be overqualified, joining what economists call the “educationally underutilized.“ In
44、deed, it may be quite a whileif everbefore those working temporarily as cocktail waitresses or taxi drivers will be able to pursue their primary, career paths. Of course waiting on tables and bustling cab fares are respectable ways to earn a living. But they are not quite what so many young American
45、sand their parentshad in mind as the end product of four expensive years in college.（分数：10.00）(1).To which of the following statements might the author agree?（分数：2.00）A.A college diploma used to be the privilege of the rich.B.A college diploma helps one lo realize his American dream.C.College gradua
46、tes can easily get permanent positions.D.College graduates are optimistic about their career in the future.(2).The figures in the first paragraph are cited to show that now（分数：2.00）A.college graduates are surplus.B.college diplomas are necessary to go upward in the society.C.college diplomas are req
47、uisite credentials for getting good jobs.D.more and more young people in the U.S. go to college.(3).What does the sentence “the college experience has gone from a rite passage to a right of pas-sage“ (Last line, Paragraph 1) mean?（分数：2.00）A.Going to college is necessary.B.Going to college has become
48、 ordinary.C.Going to college is a civil right.D.Going to college is expensive.(4).According to the passage, what causes educationally underutilizing?（分数：2.00）A.College graduates are more than the society needs.B.It“s fashionable to be waitresses or taxi drivers.C.People respect those who once did physical work.D.The payment to blue-collar workers is much higher than that to white-collar employees.(5).The author tries to convince us that（分数：2.00）A.college education paves the way for future success.B.higher education faces an unforeseeabl
