1、考研英语-试卷 228及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other in
2、dustrialized countries. The current annual marriage (1)_ in the United States-about 9 new marriages for every 1, 000 people-is (2)_ higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is (3)_ as widespread as it was several decades ago. (4)_ of American adults who are married (5)_
3、 from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried (6)_ their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some (7)_ in their lives. Experts (8)_ that about the same proportion of today“s young adults
4、will eventually marry. The timing of marriage has varied (9)_ over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the (10)_ of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry (11)_ the first time at an average of
5、five years later than people (12)_ in the 1950s. (13)_, young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous (14)_ in U.S. history. Today“s later age of marriage is (15)_ the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. (16)_, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) duri
6、ng the 1950s than at any time before (17)_. Experts do not agree on (18)_ the “marriage rush“ of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a (19)_ to the return of peaceful life and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic (20)_ and war.（分数：40.00）A.rati
7、oB.rateC.percentageD.pollA.potentiallyB.intentionallyC.substantiallyD.randomlyA.not any longerB.no moreC.not any moreD.no longerA.The proportionB.A proportionC.The numberD.A numberA.deterioratedB.declinedC.deducedD.demolishedA.pastB.passingC.throughoutD.throughA.periodB.levelC.pointD.respectA.projec
8、tB.planC.promiseD.proposeA.unexpectedlyB.irregularlyC.flexiblyD.consistentlyA.timeB.yearC.stageD.ageA.atB.inC.ofD.forA.doB.didC.marryD.marriedA.BesidesB.HoweverC.WhereasD.NeverthelessA.descendantsB.ascendantsC.generationD.populationA.in line withB.according toC.based onD.caused byA.MoreoverB.Likewis
9、eC.Similarly.D.ThereforeA.and afterB.or afterC.ever sinceD.or sinceA.whyB.howC.whenD.whatA.refusalB.realizationC.realityD.responseA.repressionB.aggressionC.depressionD.restriction二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four tex
10、ts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more
11、foods linked to ethnic tastes. An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors. Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises. For instance, a corporate manager with
12、 foresight might see an alarming rise in local housing prices that could affect the availability of skilled workers in the region. The public“s changing values and priorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints (or opportunities), and environmental and resourc
13、e concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead. People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly, to plan budgets, and to prevent wars. Government leaders today must deal with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances i
14、n technology. Even at the community level, foresight is critical: School officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students (and their teachers) to develop. Many of the
15、best-known techniques for foresight were developed by government planners, especially in the military, when the post-World War II atomic age made it critical to “think about the unthinkable“ and prepare for it. Pioneering futurists at the RAND Corporation (the first “think tank “) began seriously co
16、nsidering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S. security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future. The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the pre
17、sent world, so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now. The key thing to watch is not events (sudden developments or one-day occurrences) but trends (long-term ongoing shifts in such things as population, land use, technology,
18、and governmental systems). Using these techniques and many others, futurists now can tell us many things that may happen in the future. Some are nearly certain to happen, such as the continuing expansion in the world“s population. Other events are viewed as far less likely, but could be extremely im
19、portant if they do occur, such as an asteroid colliding with the planet.（分数：10.00）(1).Correctly exercising foresight is shown in the case of_.（分数：2.00）A.new products and servicesB.an increase in minority populationsC.stocking more foods with ethnic tastesD.the appealing art museum director(2).Which
20、of the following may be regarded as potential crises?（分数：2.00）A.An alarming rise in local housing prices.B.The availability of skilled workers in the region.C.The lack of skilled workers in the region.D.The public“s changing values and priorities.(3).All the following are cited as examples of the im
21、portance of exercising foresight EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.government administratorsB.school officialsC.school students and teachersD.government planners(4).According to the text, the most important for the futurists to grasp is_.（分数：2.00）A.the future worldB.the present worldC.what is happening nowD.the wo
22、rld trends(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.The Use of ForesightB.How to Exercise ForesightC.Foresight in Business and GovernmentD.The Best-known Techniques for ForesightA variety of significant, attractive short-term benefits will drive the development of modern self-sufficient
23、homes. These include security from severe weather, climate changes, and natural disasters; security from infectious diseases and related health problems; a fresh and nutritious diet; a dependable food supply; and security from global unrest. But the real benefit of Earth Homes will be the long-term
24、sustainability of our planet. It should be no secret that the planet is experiencing unusual weather and climate abnormalities. The 10 hottest years in recorded history have all been in the last 15 years; the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. The Midwestern heat wave of 1995 killed 669 people
25、 in Chicago. In 1996, we had a season of record heat spells, and 1997 was the single wan nest year on recorduntil 1998 shattered global temperature records. Record-high temperatures throughout the southern United States during the summer of 1998 forced the shutdown of Walt Disney World“s water parks
26、 because of the threat of a viral encephalitis outbreak. The United Nations and insurers blame unusual weather for thousands of deaths and billions of dollars in damage. Many scientists agree that the emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentratio
27、n of the greenhouse gases. These increases will enhance the greenhouse effect, resulting in warming of the earth“s surface. In 1990, scientists predicted that, if greenhouse gas emissions are not sharply decreased, we might experience a 1C to 3C rise in global temperatures. They suggested that we wo
28、uld have to cut in half our use of coal, oil, and gas in order to lower our emissions enough to maintain concentrations of greenhouse gases at the current levels. Proof of warning includes a decrease in the amount of snow that covers the Northern Hemisphere, a simultaneous decrease in Arctic sea ice
29、, continued melting of alpine glaciers, and a rise in sea level. Rain has even been reported for the first time in Antarctica, and an ice-free patch of ocean about a mile wide has recently opened near the North Pole. Meanwhile, studies have shown that the carbon dioxide concentration in our atmosphe
30、re has been steadily increasing since 1958. Even though the rate of emissions from fossil fuels has been reduced, concentration has risen consistently. In 1995, the size of the ozone hole over Antarctica doubled to about the size of Europe. For the first time in recorded history, the hole stretched
31、over populated areas, exposing residents in southern Chile and Argentina to very high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Studies have shown that a 1% decrease in ozone in the stratosphere produces a 2% increase in UV radiation reaching the ground, posing more risks to humans.（分数：10.00）(1).In comp
32、arison with traditional homes the advantages of modem self-sufficient homes are_.（分数：2.00）A.based on short-term benefitsB.based on the long-term sustainabilityC.free from severe weather, climate changes, natural disasters, etc.D.fresh and nutritious, free from global unrest(2).Which of the following
33、 suffered the greatest economic loss in the 10 hottest years?（分数：2.00）A.The Midwestern.B.The southern United States.C.Walt Disney World“s water parks.D.Insurance Companies.(3).According to scientists, to keep down concentrations of greenhouse gases, we should_.（分数：2.00）A.stop gas emissionsB.lower th
34、e temperatureC.reduce the use of coal, oil, and gasD.cut off the use of coal, oil, and gas(4).We can infer from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.concentrations of greenhouse will become worseB.Concentrations of greenhouse will become betterC.generally there is no rain in AntarcticaD.the North Pole is no
35、 longer covered with ice(5).It is implied that the ozone hole over Antarctica is_.（分数：2.00）A.a threat to the European peopleB.a risk to human healthC.a hazard to southern Chile and ArgentinaD.the source of UV radiationEating better and more adventurously is becoming an obsession, especially among pe
36、ople with money to spend. Healthier eating-and not-so-healthy eating-as well as the number and variety of food choices and venues continue to increase at an ever quickening pace. Globalization is the master trend that will drive the world of food in the years ahead. Consumers traveling the globe, bo
37、th virtually and in reality, will be able to sweep up ingredients, packaged foods, recipes, and cooking techniques from every comer of the earth at an ever-intensifying and accelerating pace. Formerly remote ingredients and cooking styles are creating a whole new culinary mosaic as they are transpla
38、nted and reinterpreted all over the world. Many factors are behind this, but none more so than the influence of the great international hotel chains. Virtually every chef who has worked for Hilton, Westin, Peninsula, or any other major chain gathers global experience in locales as diverse as Singapo
39、re, New Orleans, Toronto, and Dubai. At each stop, they carry away cooking ideas and techniques they can and do use elsewhere. This trend will gain even greater momentum as ambitious young adults stake their own futures on internationalization, treating broader food away as an important aspect of th
40、eir own advancement. Young people will need knowledge of food and ingredients from different continents and cultures as one aspect of socialization, enculturation, cultural exchange, and success. In country after country, there seems little doubt that global cuisine will make its biggest inroads amo
41、ng the younger set. Many in the generations now coming of age will treat world-ranging food knowledge and experience as key elements in furthering their personal plans, business acumen, and individual growth. The Internet has made global contacts a matter of routine. Computer networking will permit
42、chefs and others in the food industry, including consumers, to link directly with the best available authorities in faraway nations, supplementing or bypassing secondhand sources of information altogether. Time, with all its implications, will also be a factor in emerging world food trends. More and
43、 more of us are destined to operate on global time-that is, at full tilt 24 hours a day. This will become the norm for companies with resources scattered all over the planet. Beyond the 24-hour supermarkets many of us already take for granted, there will also be three-shift shopping centers open at
44、any hour. Restaurants in the great business capitals intent on cultivating an international clientele will serve midnight breakfasts or break-of-dawn dinners (with the appropriate wines) without raising a single eyebrow.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs we can learn that the trend of food
45、obsession is_.（分数：2.00）A.adventurousB.more and more popular in the worldC.a global phenomenonD.sweeping up every corner of the earth(2).According to the text the trend of new culinary mosaic is most accelerated by_.（分数：2.00）A.globalizationB.remote ingredients and cooking stylesC.great international
46、hotel chainsD.chefs of various nationalities(3).Judging from context, the phrase “global cuisine“( Para. 4) probably mean_.（分数：2.00）A.a world of young peopleB.a world style of cookingC.a specific food popular in the worldD.world foods in general(4).We can infer from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.comp
47、uter networking will be helpful in the food industryB.24-hour supermarkets are not very commonC.few shopping centers are three-shift open at any hourD.24-hour restaurants are not in practice in the great business capitals(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Eating Better and More Ad
48、venturouslyB.A Food GlobalizationC.The Trend of DiningD.The Trend of a Kitchen RevolutionThe telecity is a city whose life, direction, and functioning are largely shaped by telecommunications. In the twenty-first century; cities will be based more and more on an economy that is dependent on services and intellectual property. Telecommunications and information networks will define a city“s architecture, shape, and character. Proximity in the telecity will be defined by the speed and
