1、考研英语-试卷 225及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_It has been justly said that while “we speak with our vocal organs we (1)_ with our wh
2、ole bodies,“ All of us communicate with one another (2)_, as well as with words. Sometimes we know what we“re doing, as with the use of gestures such as the thumbs-up sign to indicate that we (3)_ But most of the time we“re not aware that we“re doing it. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet some
3、one else“s eyes and (4)_. These actions we (5)_ are random and incidental. But researchers (6)_ that there is a system of them almost as consistent and comprehensible as language, and they conclude that there is a whole (7)_ of body language, (8)_ the way we move, the gestures we employ, the posture
4、 we adopt, the facial expression we (9)_, the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand (10)_ each other. The body language serves a variety of purposes. Firstly it can replace verbal communication, (11)_ with the use of gesture. Secondly it can modify verbal communication. Loudness and (12
5、)_ of voice is an example here. Thirdly “it regulates social interaction: turn taking is largely governed by non-verbal (13)_. Finally it conveys our emotions and attitudes. This is (14)_ important for successful cross-culture communication. Every culture has its own body language, and children abso
6、rb its nuances (15)_ with spoken language. The way an Englishman crosses his legs is (16)_ like the way a male American does it. When we communicate with people from other cultures, the body language sometimes help make the communication easy and (17)_, such as shaking hand is such a (18)_ gesture t
7、hat people all over the world know that it is a signal for greeting. But sometimes the body language can cause certain misunderstanding (19)_ people of different cultures often have different forms behavior for sending the same message or have different (20)_ towards the same body signals.（分数：40.00）
8、A.addressB.reverseC.converseD.conferA.verballyB.nonverballyC.vocallyD.unvocallyA.refuseB.approveC.suspectD.alertA.look upB.look downC.look awayD.lo0k backA.resumeB.assumeC.presumeD.consumeA.have discoveredB.have inventedC.pointed outD.have revealedA.levelB.extentC.groupD.rangeA.includedB.includingC.
9、includeD.inclusiveA.wearB.put onC.bringD.holdA.toB.betweenC.withinD.fromA.as ifB.asC.whenD.likeA.pitchB.toneC.frequencyD.volumeA.signsB.gesturesC.movementsD.signalsA.specificallyB.speciallyC.particularlyD.equallyA.alsoB.alongC.besidesD.aloneA.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.noneA.efficientB.affectiveC
10、.effectiveD.effectualA.unusualB.uniqueC.ordinaryD.universalA.henceB.sinceC.thusD.andA.interpretationsB.implicativeC.understandingD.implications二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each
11、text by choosing A, B, C or D._Ruth Lawrence, aged ten, made history yesterday when she came a clear first out of the 530 candidates who took the entrance exam for St. Hugh“s College, Oxford. The all woman“s college is likely to offer her a scholarship. Ruth sat three in three-hour papersAlgebra and
12、 Geometry; Calculus, Probability and Statistics; and Maths, Pure and Applied. “I was happy with the first two,“ she said yesterday, “but I wasn“t sure about the third.“ Ruth who lives in Huddersfield, has never been to school. Her father, Harry Lawrence, a computer consultant, gave up his job when R
13、uth was five to educate her at home. Her mother, Sylvia, who also works in computers, is the family breadwinner. Harry Lawrence explained that, besides mathematics, Ruth also enjoyed English, History, Geography, and other subjects. She began to read four and started academic subjects at five. “We di
14、d not start off with the thought that she would not go to school,“ he said, “but we enjoyed at teaching her so much and we seemed to be making quite a good job of it, so we just carried on.“ Because she does not go to school, Ruth has not mixed much with other children. “She enjoys serious conversat
15、ion with adults,“ her father said, “and I don“t think she will feel out of place at Oxford.“ He does not think she works harder than other children of her age, but he concentrates on what she enjoys, principally mathematics. “She watches television a little but not as a habit,“ he explained, “but sh
16、e plays the piano and has quite a wide range of interests.“ If she does well at St. Hugh“s, Ruth expects to take a further degree and eventually hopes to become a research professor in mathematics-an ambition she may achieve while still in her teens. The Lawrence family plans to move to Oxford when
17、Ruth enters the college in October 1991.Before then, she plans to take four A levels to satisfy the college matriculation requirements. Miss Rachel Trickett, the principal of St. Hugh“s, said last night. “We are all very excited about Ruth. She is obviously quite brilliant and has shown genuine orig
18、inality.“ Ruth“s future tutor, Dr. Glenys Luke, admits that taking so young a student is challenging but says it is one she expects to enjoy. “I shall tailor the teaching to her requirements“ she said. Ruth shouldn“t have to suffer the same tensions and disappointments that older students faced. I h
19、ope I shall make it fun for her.“ Last night the Lawrence family were pleased at Ruth“s achievement. “We all jumped up and down a bit when we heard the good hens“, said Harry Lawrence. When Ruth becomes a student, Harry Lawrence looks forward to concentrating his efforts on Ruth“s younger sister Reb
20、ecca, who is now seven. “She is doing very well,“ he said, “but it“s too early to tell whether she is a mathematician.“（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.St. Hugh“s College accepts only girl students.B.Ruth didn“t do well in the third exam.C.From the beginning, Ruth“s
21、 parents decided to educate her at home instead of sending her to school.D.Ruth works harder than other students.(2).How many members are there in Ruth“s family?（分数：2.00）A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.(3).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “feel out of place“?（分数：2.00）A.Feel far
22、 behind others.B.Feel uneasy.C.Feel lovely.D.Feel not accustomed to the place.(4).From what Dr. Gleys Luke says, we may guess _.（分数：2.00）A.that some older students have had some problems in their studiesB.that she will tailor the teaching to her requirementsC.that she doesn“t want to teach such a st
23、udent as RuthD.that she will treat Ruth exactly the same as others(5).The best title for this passage would be _.（分数：2.00）A.How Ruth Made History at OxfordB.One Can Do Well in Study without Going to SchoolC.How Ruth Became a MathematicianD.Study Is FunIsaac Newton was not a pleasant man. His relatio
24、ns with other academics were notorious, with most of his later life spent embroiled in heated disputes. Following publication of Principia Mathematicasurely the most influential book ever written in physicsNewton had risen rapidly into public prominence. He was appointed president of the Royal Socie
25、ty and became the first scientist ever to be knighted. Newton soon clashed with the Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed, who had earlier provided Newton with much needed data for Principia, but was now withholding information that Newton wanted. Newton would not take no for an answer; he had himself ap
26、pointed to the governing body of the Royal Observatory and then tried to force immediate publication of the data. Eventually he arranged for Flamsteed“s work to he seized and prepared for publication by Flamsteed“s mortal enemy, Edmond Halley. But Flamsteed took the case to court, in the nick of tim
27、e, and won a court order preventing distribution to the stolen work. Newton was incensed and sought his revenge by systematically deleting all reference to Flamsteed in later editions 9f Principia. A more serious dispute arose with the German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz. Both Leibniz and Newton ha
28、d independently developed a branch of mathematics called calculus, which underlies most of modern physics. Although we now know that Newton discovered calculus years before Leibniz, he published his work much later. A major row ensued over who had been first, with scientist vigorously defending both
29、 contenders. It is remarkable, however, that most of the articles appearing in defense of Newton were originally written by his own handand only published in the name of friends! As the row grew, Leibniz made the mistake of appealing to the Royal Society to resolve the dispute. Newton, as president,
30、 appointed an “impartial“ committee to investigate, coincidentally consisting entirely of Newton“s friends! But that was not all: Newton then wrote the committee“s report himself and had the Royal Society publish it, officially accusing Leibniz of plagiarism. Still unsatisfied, he then wrote an anon
31、ymous review of the report in the Royal Society“s own periodical. Following the death of Leibniz, Newton is reported to have declared that he had taken great satisfaction in “breaking Leibniz“s heart. During the period of these two disputes, Newton had already left Cambridge and academe. He had been
32、 active in anti-Catholic politics at Cambridge, and later in Parliament, and was rewarded eventually with the lucrative pest of Warden of the Royal Mint. Here he used his talents for deviousness and vitriol in a more socially acceptable way, successfully conducting a major campaign against counterfe
33、iting, even sending several men to their death on the gallows.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT true about Isaac Newton?（分数：2.00）A.Newton was the first scientist ever to be knighted.B.Newton was ever involved in heated clashes with other academics.C.Edmond Halley stood against N
34、ewton in his clash with Flamsteed.D.Newton had been active in anti-Catholic politics at Cambridge.(2).The sentence “Newton would not take no for an answer“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.Newton didn“t understand why Flamsteed did soB.Newton cared little about what Flamsteed didC.Newton could do nothing
35、 without the informationD.Newton would not accept the refusal of Flamsteed(3).Newton took his revenge on Flamsteed _.（分数：2.00）A.by canceling all reference to him in later edition of PrincipiaB.by taking the case to courtC.by depriving him of his post at the Royal ObservatoryD.by breaking relations w
36、ith him(4).The writer seems to think Leibniz lost largely because _.（分数：2.00）A.Newton discovered calculus years before himB.all the scientists supported Newton instead of himC.Newton was vocally talentedD.he put the dispute to the Royal Society(5).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Isa
37、ac Newton was not a pleasant man.B.Principia Mathematioa is surely the most influential book ever written in physics.C.The Royal Society consisted entirely of Newton“s friends.D.Newton had a deep hatred for Leibniz.When you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category: when I“m grown up. Wh
38、en I“m grown up, you say, I“ll go up in space. I“m going to be an author. I“ll kill them all and then they“ll be sorry. I“ll be married in a cathedral with sixteen bridesmaids in pink lace. I“ll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away. None of it ever happens, of courseor dar
39、n little, but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about gilded adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on, it“s all downhill; I read with horror of an American hip pie wedding where someone said to the groom(aged twenty) “you
40、 seem so kind a grown up somehow“, and the lad had to go round seeking assurance that he wasn“t. No, really he wasn“t. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism. When my children are grown up, I“ll learn to fly an
41、 airplane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do “go pop“, there will be no little ones to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst, I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that look for your glasses in order to see where you“ve left your tee
42、th. When my children are grown up, I“ll have fragile lovely things on low tables; I“ll have a white carpet; I“ll go to the pictures in the afternoons. When the children are grown up, I“ll actually be able to do a day“s work in a flay, instead of spreading over three, and go away for a weekend withou
43、t planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I“m grown upI mean when they“re grown upI“ll be free. Of course, I know it“s got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-old, I“m told, don“t go to bed at seven, so you don“t even get your evening. Once they“re past ten you have to start worrying
44、 about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep, and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of everything you“ve ever thought or done or won. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial than girls, since they can“t get pregnant and they don“t borrow your clothesi
45、f they do borrow your clothes, of course, you“ve got even more to worry about. The young don“t respect their parents any more. Goodness, how sad. Still, like eating snails, it might be all right once you“ve got over the idea; it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time
46、 comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one“s days, toothless by the fire, brooding on the past.（分数：10.00）(1).What interests the writer about young children is that they _.（分数：2.00）A.have so many unselfish ambitionsB.don“t want to be a spacemanC.all long for adult comfortsD.have
47、 such long term ambitions(2).The writer holds the opinion that fantasies _.（分数：2.00）A.satisfy ambitionsB.lessen ambitionsC.stimulate ambitionsD.frustrate ambitions(3).Young people often feels that the age of eighteen is the _.（分数：2.00）A.best time of lifeB.right age to get marriedC.hardest part of li
48、feD.gateway to happiness(4).The writer seems to think that as an adult one must _.（分数：2.00）A.achieve one“s ambitions at all costsB.continue to be ambitiousC.find a compromise between ambition and realityD.give up all one“s earlier ambitions(5).What do the writer think about his or her children?（分数：2.00）A.Their behavior is improving.B.They don“t spend enough time at home.C.They are approaching a difficult age.D.They are choosing strange friends.Do animals have fights? This is how the question is
