1、考研英语-试卷 214 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_A controversial decision on whether choice cuts of steak and cartons of milk produced
2、 from cloned animals are suitable for the dinner table is now long overdue. Hundreds of pigs, cows and other animals created with the help of cloning are living (1)_ farms across the United States and (2)_ the forthcoming ruling will directly (3)_ American consumers, British holidaymakers may also (
3、4)_ themselves at the forefront of a food revolution that many commentators expect will (5)_ arrive here. (6)_ the birth of Dolly the sheepthe first mammal cloned from an adult cellthere were extreme predictions of herds of genetically (7)_ bulls and pastures (8)_ with cloned dairy cows. That double
4、 (9)_ of the past decade has not yet been realized (10)_ clones have become a familiar sight at agricultural fairs in America, where producers of (11)_ pigs and cattle have been among the first to (12)_ cloning, which offers a way to keep (13)_ traits without inbreeding problems caused by traditiona
5、l methods. Clones of rare and elite animals, including sheep, goats, and rabbits, (14)_ a way to improve animal healthy, (15)_ the nutritional value of meat and milk, and breed animals immune (16)_ diseases or better suited for developing countries. The safety of cloned (17)_ has been under examinat
6、ion by various bodies. Three years ago the US National Academy of Science concluded that (18)_ available data indicated that cloning met animal welfare and food safety considerations, more information was needed. (19)_ scientific evidence suggests that there is little (20)_ for alarm, at least on fo
7、od-safety grounds.（分数：40.00）A.atB.withinC.onD.inA.sinceB.althoughC.asD.thereforeA.touchB.moveC.impressD.affectA.findB.thinkC.takeD.patA.eventuallyB.accidentallyC.occasionallyD.promptlyA.In advance ofB.At a timeC.In the wake ofD.For reasons ofA.identicalB.alikeC.duplicateD.similarA.coveredB.markedC.d
8、ottedD.scatteredA.wisdomB.foresightC.illusionD.visionA.untilB.unlessC.thenD.butA.originalB.primitiveC.primeD.primaryA.embraceB.surroundC.encloseD.adoptA.numerousB.extremeC.desirableD.reconstructiveA.proposeB.offerC.exhibitD.presentA.as toB.instead ofC.except forD.along withA.toB.forC.atD.towardsA.pr
9、oductB.productionC.produceD.productivityA.asB.whenC.whileD.ifA.GainingB.MountingC.AscendingD.succeedingA.reasonB.occasionC.accountD.cause二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b
10、y choosing A, B, C or D._Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people
11、who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many peop
12、le used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches. Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came i
13、nto the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it. At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like
14、 when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk, because she was such a great lady, her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only ve
15、ry few Britons drink tea without milk. At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o“ clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling“ as she called it. She
16、 invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?（分数：2.00）A.The Britons got expensive tea from India.B.Tea reached Britain from Holland.C.The Britons were the first people in Europe who
17、drank tea.D.It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.(2).This passage mainly discusses _.（分数：2.00）A.the history of tea drinking in BritainB.how tea became a popular drink in BritainC.how the Britons got the habit of drinking teaD.how tea-time was born(3).Tea became a popular drink
18、in Britain _.（分数：2.00）A.in eighteenth centuryB.in sixteenth centuryC.in seventeenth centuryD.in the late seventeenth century(4).People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because _.（分数：2.00）A.it tasted like milkB.it tasted more pleasantC.it became a popular drinkD.Madame de Sevigne was such a lad
19、y with great social influence that people tried to copy the way she drank tea(5).We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of _.（分数：2.00）A.a famous French ladyB.the ancient ChineseC.the upper social classD.people in HollandA mysterious “b
20、lack cloud“ approaches the earthour planet“s weather is severely affected. Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British Isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred marks. People complained,
21、 but there was no serious disaster. The death number in the U.S. remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain
22、indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred. Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropics as may be judged from the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of man himself was only
23、possible because of the caves and cellars he was able to dig. Nothing could be done to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives. Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air temperature, it
24、is true, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity. It was indeed this increase that produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotter from
25、 day to day. All human movements ceased. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperat
26、ure declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the sun“s radiation back into space, but conditions could not be said to have improved. Warm rain fell everywhere, even as favorable as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as fa
27、vorable to them as it was unfavorable to man and many other animals.（分数：10.00）(1).In the British Isles the temperature _.（分数：2.00）A.stayed at eightyB.ranged from eighty to ninetyC.approached one hundredD.exceeded the hundred mark(2).Few people in the United States lost their lives because _.（分数：2.00
28、）A.the temperature was tolerableB.people remained indoors for weeksC.the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperatureD.people were provided with the most comfortable air-conditioners(3).Millions of people in Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosph
29、ere because _.（分数：2.00）A.the temperature grew extremely hotB.the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea increasedC.their conditions were too dangerousD.nothing could be done with the hot temperature(4).By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropic
30、s were such that _.（分数：2.00）A.human survival would be impossibleB.more and more people would lose their livesC.fewer people could be savedD.survival or death was still undecided(5).The insect population increased due to _.（分数：2.00）A.the hot airB.the tropical climateC.the rain cloudsD.the damp atmosp
31、hereIn a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further
32、 sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes“. If the process goes too far and man“s role is regarded as
33、less importantand that has happened in some caseswe are as badly of as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “momism“(母系崇拜), but we don“t want to exchange it for a “neo-popism(新父系崇拜)。“ What we need, rather, is the
34、 recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, mad specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit or all the bl
35、ame. We have almost given up saying that a woman“s place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze men“s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy, development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which i
36、t is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy d
37、emocracy, but also with a healthy family.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage we know that the author is very concerned with the role that _.（分数：2.00）A.parents play in bringing up their childrenB.men play in a familyC.women play in a familyD.equality plays in a family(2).The author means to tell us that _
38、.（分数：2.00）A.a man“s place is in the homeB.a woman“s place is in the homeC.a woman should be equal to a manD.a man should have an equal share in family matters(3).According to the author, a healthy family should be based on _.（分数：2.00）A.cooperationB.momismC.authoritarianismD.neo-popism(4).Who will be
39、nefit most from a family pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions?（分数：2.00）A.The children.B.The man.C.The woman.D.The psychnlogist.(5).We may safely conclude from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.male superiority maintains a healthy familyB.authority and democracy are very essential to a healthy famil
40、yC.authoritarianism does no good to a healthy familyD.women should be equal to menI don“t think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your problem is that long nap after dinner. If you didn“t sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready to sleep at bedt
41、ime. If you didn“t nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning. This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day. You should get out of the habit o
42、f sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activitya sport such as bowling, perhaps. Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation. Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good n
43、ight“s rest without taking a pill. If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so, get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you
44、 feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do net take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a few hours“ sleep that night, you will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. The next night you will be
45、 ready to sleep at an earlier hour. The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the writer, it is difficult for you to go to sleep if _.（分数：2.00）A.you get the habit of staying up lateB.you haven“t taken sleeping pillsC.you
46、 sleep for hours after dinnerD.you fail to do some exercises(2).Which of the following is NOT true if you want to get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening?（分数：2.00）A.Go to bed earlier than usual.B.Talk with friends after dinner.C.Stay with friends after dinner.D.Do some mental work.(3).Yo
47、u feel tired all day probably because _.（分数：2.00）A.you stay up too lateB.you get up too early in the morningC.you take sleeping pillsD.you wake up too frequently at night(4).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.You mustn“t take sleeping pills in order to get a good nigh
48、t“s sleep.B.You should stay up if you want to sleep effectively.C.Food is necessary at night if you fail to go to sleep.D.It is very important to get out of the habit of taking a nap after dinner.(5).We may infer that the author is most probably a _.（分数：2.00）A.doctorB.scientistC.reporterD.professor4.Part B_In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions
