1、考研英语-试卷 204 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_At the beginning of the century, medical scientists made a surprising discovery: that
2、 we are (1)_ not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were able to (2)_ that we all have an internal “body clock“ which (3)_ the rise and fall of our body energies, making us different from one day to the (5)_. These forces became known as biorhythms: they create the (5)_ in our everyday l
3、ife. The (6)_ of an internal “body clock“ should not be too surprising, (7)_ the lives of most living things are dominated by the 24-hour night-and-day cycle. The most obvious (8)_ of this cycle is the (9)_ we feel tired and fall asleep at night and become awake and (10)_ during the day. (11)_ the 2
4、4-hour rhythm is interrupted, most people experience unpleasant side effects. (12)_, international aeroplane travelers often experience “jet lag“ when traveling across time (13)_. People who are not used to (14)_ work can find that lack of sleep affects their work performance. (15)_ the daily rhythm
5、 of sleeping and waking, we also have other rhythms which (16)_.longer than one day and which influence wide areas of our lives. Most of us would agree that we feel good on (17)_ days and net so good on others. Sometimes we are (18)_ fingers and thumbs but on other days we have excellent coordinatio
6、n. There are times when we appear to be accident-prone, or when our temper seems to be on a short fuse. Isn“t it also strange (19)_ ideas seem to flow on some days but at other times are (20)_ nonexistent? Musicians, painters and writers often talk about “dry spells“.（分数：40.00）A.builtB.shapedC.molde
7、dD.grownA.demonstrateB.illustrateC.presentD.proposeA.designatesB.fluctuatesC.calculatesD.regulatesA.secondB.latterC.otherD.nextA.ups and “down“B.goods and “bads“C.pros and “cons“D.highs and “lows“A.nameB.ideaC.expressionD.imageA.unlessB.whenC.sinceD.althoughA.natureB.characterC.featureD.factA.modeB.
8、wayC.formD.fashionA.watchfulB.readyC.alertD.attentiveA.AsB.BecauseC.ThoughD.IfA.Of courseB.For exampleC.In consequenceD.In particularA.zonesB.areasC.beltsD.sphereA.changeB.shiftC.transferD.alternativeA.Instead ofB.Rather thanC.As well asD.In comparison withA.lastB.moveC.liveD.surviveA.manyB.severalC
9、.someD.mostA.allB.partlyC.seldomD.oftenA.whenB.howC.thatD.whichA.particularlyB.specificallyC.apparentlyD.virtually二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D
10、._Say the word bacteria, and most folks conjure up images of a nasty germ like staphylococcus or salmonella that can make you really sick. But most bacteria aren“t bad for you. In fact, consuming extra amounts of some bacteria can actually promote good health. These beneficial bacteria are available
11、 without a prescription in drug and health-food stores and in foods like yogurt. So far, the best results have been seen in the treatment of diarrhea, particularly in children. But re searchers are also looking into the possibility that beneficial bacteria may thwart vaginal infections in women, pre
12、vent some food allergies in children and lessen symptoms of Crohn“s disease, a relatively rare but painful gastrointestinal disorder. So where have these good germs been lurking all your life? In your intestines, especially the lower section called the colon, which harbors at least 400 species of ba
13、cteria. Which ones you have depends largely on your environment and diet. An abundance of good bacteria in the colon generally crowds out stray bad bacteria in your food. But if the bad outnumber the goodfor example, after antibiotic treatment for a sinus or an ear infection, which kills normal inte
14、stinal germs as wellthe result can be diarrhea. For generations, people have restored the balance by eating yogurt, buttermilk or other products made from fermented milk. But nowadays, you can also down a few pills that contain freeze-dried germs. These preparations are called probiotics to distingu
15、ish them from antibiotics. Unfortunately, you can“t always be sure that the bacteria in the products you buy are the same strains as those listed on the label or even that they“re still alive. Probiotics are usually sensitive to both heat and moisture. Among the most promising and most thoroughly re
16、searched probiotics is the GG strain of Laetobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. L-GG, as it“s called, has been used to treat traveler“s diarrhea and intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics. Even more intriguing, L-GG
17、 also seems to work against some viruses, including rotavirus, one of the most common causes of diarrhea in children in the U.S. and around the world. Here the effect is indirect. Somehow L-GG jump-starts the immune system into recognizing the threat posed by the virus. Pediatricians at Johns Hopkin
18、s are studying a different bug, the Bb-12 strain of Bifidobacterium, which was discovered by researchers at CHR Hansen Biosystems. Like L-GG, Bb-12 stimulates the immune system. For reasons that are not dear, infants who are breast-fed have large amounts of bifidobacteria in their intestines. They a
19、lso have fewer intestinal upsets. Dr. Jose Saavedra and colleagues at Hopkins have shown that Bb-12 prevents several types of diarrhea, including that caused by rotavirus, in hospitalized infants as young as four months. It has also been used to cure diarrhea in children of all ages.（分数：10.00）(1).Wh
20、at the author mainly intends to say in the first paragraph is _.（分数：2.00）A.that nasty germs can make you really sickB.that the word bacteria doesn“t refer to the germs which make people sickC.the beneficial effects that most bacteria may produce on human bodyD.the possibility that beneficial bacteri
21、a may stop vaginal infections in women(2).According to this passage, _may result in the imbalance of bacteria in your intestines.（分数：2.00）A.antibiotic treatment for an ear infectionB.taking pills which contain freeze-dried germsC.eating yogurt or buttermilkD.eating products made from fermented milk(
22、3).It isn“t said in the passage that L-GG can be used to _.（分数：2.00）A.lessen symptoms of Crohn“s diseaseB.fight against rotavirusC.treat traveler“s diarrheaD.treat intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics(4).The word “intriguing“ in paragraph 3 refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.tractableB.dauntlessC.heroicD.app
23、ealing(5).This passage is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.the definition of bacteriaB.health germsC.probioticsD.probiotics versus antibioticsA child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fa
24、iry stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that
25、they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child
26、has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seen is to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this arises from the child having he
27、ard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of the fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do
28、 not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the wo
29、rld should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it w
30、as.（分数：10.00）(1).The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is _.（分数：2.00）A.repeated without variationB.treated with reverenceC.adapted by the parentD.set in the present(2).Some people dislike fairy stories because they feel that they _.（分数：2.00）A.tempt people to be cruel to c
31、hildrenB.show the primitive cruelty in childrenC.lend themselves to undesirable experiments with childrenD.increase a tendency to sadism in children(3).Fairy stories are a means by which children“s impulses may be _.（分数：2.00）A.beneficially channeledB.given a destructive tendencyC.held back until mat
32、urityD.effectively suppressed(4).The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it _.（分数：2.00）A.makes them come to term with their fearsB.develops their power of memoryC.convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD.encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs(5).Th
33、e author“s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that _.（分数：2.00）A.fairy stories are still being made upB.there is confusion about different kinds of truthC.people try to modernise old fairy storiesD.there is more concern for children“s fears nowadaysWhen the first white men arri
34、ved in Samoa, they found blind men, who could see well enough to describe things in detail just by holding their hands over objects. In France, Jules Roman tested hundreds of blind people and found a few who could tell the difference between light and dark. He narrowed their photosensitivity(感光灵敏度)
35、down to areas on the nose or in the finger tips. In 1960 a medical board examined a girl in Virginia and found that, even with thick bandages over her eyes, she was able to distinguish different colours and read short sections of large print. Rosa Kuleshova, a young woman in the Urals, can see with
36、her fingers. She is not blind, but because she grew up in a family of blind people, she learned to read Braille to help them and then went on to teach herself to do other things with her hands. She was examined by the Soviet Academy of Science, and proved to be genuine, Shaefer made an intensive stu
37、dy with her and found that, securely blindfolded with only her arms stuck through a screen, she could tell the difference between three primary colours. To test the possibility that the cards reflected heat differently, he heated some and cooled others without affecting her response to them. He also
38、 found that she could read newsprint under glass, so texture was giving her no clues. She was able to identify the colour and shape of patches of light projected on to her palm or on to a screen. In rigidly controlled tests, with a blindfold and a screen and a piece of card around her neck so wide t
39、hat she could not see round it, Rosa read the small print in a newspaper with her elbow. And, in the most convincing demonstration of all, she repeated these things with someone standing behind her pressing hard on her eyeballs. Nobody can cheat under this pressure.（分数：10.00）(1).The first white men
40、to visit Samoa found people who _.（分数：2.00）A.were not entirely blindB.described things by touching themC.could see with their handsD.could see when they hold out their hands(2).From the first paragraph we can learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.very few people have the sensitivity of the blind“B.blind people ca
41、n manage to see things, but not clearlyC.not everybody sees with his eyesD.it is possible to narrow the photosensitive areas of the body(3).Why did Shaefer put the paper under glass?（分数：2.00）A.To prevent Rosa from feeling the print.B.To stop the reflection of heat.C.To make things as difficult as po
42、ssible.D.To stop her from cheating.(4).Which of the following makes the demonstration most persuasive?（分数：2.00）A.To read through glass, blindfolded.B.To identify the collor and shape of light on a screen while securely blindfolded.C.To carry out the test with someone pressing on her eyeballs.D.To wo
43、rk from behind a screen, blindfolded and with a card round her neck.(5).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.The men in Samoa were not quite blind.B.A girl called Virginia could read newsprint even when she was blindfolded.C.Rosa“s ability to see was confined to her fingers.D.The res
44、ult of the last test on Rosa was least doubtable.The U.S. government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where government is spending a great deal of
45、money and is working hard to help discover the answer to these two questions: 1. Can we predict earthquakes? 2. Can we control earthquakes? To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault systems in the country, such as the San Andreas Fault in California.
46、A fault is a break between two sections of the earth“s surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes
47、 accurately and the control of earthquakes is even farther away. Nevertheless, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was pat into a layer of rocks 4,000 metre
48、s below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other. When the water“ oiled“ the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was released. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthqua
