1、考研英语-试卷 200及答案解析(总分：146.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for【1】in the op
2、en. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not【2】with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws【3】an impressive “ small fire“ weaponry. They could not even defend themselves【4】running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had a
3、ttempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been【5】to failure and extinction. But they were【6】with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the search【7】the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had【8】efficient stereoscopic vision and a
4、sense of color that the animals of the grasslands did not【9】. The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far【10】the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was【11】another matter. Lack of long-dist
5、ance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the【12】the viewpoint, the greater the range of sight-so【13】they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not【14】. Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground
6、 was flat. The ape-men【15】the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk【16】. This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became【17】still.【1
7、8】, they persevered and their bone structure gradually became【19】to the new, unstable position that【20】them the name Homo erectus, upright man.（分数：40.00）A.survivalB.huntingC.securityD.inhabitanceA.matchB.compareC.rivalD.equalA.becameB.equippedC.posedD.providedA.inB.uponC.byD.withA.drivenB.doomedC.fo
8、rcedD.ledA.bestowedB.givenC.presentedD.endowedA.forB.ofC.onD.atA.progressedB.generatedC.developedD.advancedA.learnB.dream ofC.possessD.acquireA.fromB.apartC.beyondD.aboveA.ratherB.quiteC.muchD.reallyA.lowerB.furtherC.clearerD.higherA.anythingB.thatC.everythingD.allA.availableB.enoughC.sufficientD.co
9、nvenientA.choseB.adoptedC.acceptedD.tookA.fastB.stablyC.happilyD.uprightA.fasterB.slowerC.more stableD.saferA.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.SubsequentlyA.accustomedB.familiarizedC.adaptedD.suitedA.obtainedB.calledC.deservedD.earned二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehe
10、nsion_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._In the 1960s, Peru“s sugar industry was among the most efficient in the world. It was all downhill thereafter. A military government expropriated the sugar estates on the country“
11、s north coast, turning them into government-owned co-operatives. Having peaked at 1m tonnes in 1975, output fell to 400,000 tonnes by the early 1990s. But since then the sugar industry has passed into private hands again. Over the past decade production has returned to its historic peakand is now se
12、t to boom. The change has been gradual. The government has sold its stake in the industry in tranches. But now investors are piling in. As in other parts of South and Central America they are attracted by higher prices for sugar because of its use for ethanol. Industry sources predict that land unde
13、r sugar will expand by 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres) a year, more than doubling output over the next decade. That would turn Peru into an exporterthough not on the scale of Brazil or Colombia. Last year, local investors secured a controlling stake in Casa Grande, the largest sugar plantation. Biote
14、rra, a Spanish company, plans a $ 90m ethanol plant nearby. Maple, a Texas company, has bought 10,600 hectares of land in the northern department of Piura. Its plans call for an investment of $120m and ethanol production of 120m litres a year. Brazilian and Ecuadorean investors are also active. Part
15、 of the attraction is that Peru has signed a free-trade agreement with the United States. Provided that it can satisfy the concerns of the new Democratic-controlled Congress in Washington D. C., about the enforcement of labour rights, this agreement should be approved later this year. It would rende
16、r permanent existing trade preferences under which ethanol from Peru can enter the United States dutyfree. By contrast, ethanol exported from Brazil, the world“s biggest producer, must pay a tariff of 54 cents a gallon. Two harsh realities might sour these sweet dreams. Colombia, Central America and
17、 the Dominican Republic all enjoy similar preferences and have similar plans. Colombia already produces 360m litres a year of ethanol, much of it for export. The second question is whether sugara thirsty cropis the best use of Peru“s desert coastal strip, with its precarious water supply. One of the
18、 country“s achievements of the past decade has been the private sector“s development of new export crops. It would be ironic if these businesses were threatened by sugar“s privatisation.（分数：10.00）(1).What information does not provide in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Peru“s sugar industry was very s
19、uccessful in 1960s.B.Some sugar estates on the country“s north coast used to be government-owned.C.During the period of government owned, the sugar industry underwent a period of development.D.There must be revolutions in 1960s.(2).Base on the second paragraph, we can learn that_.（分数：2.00）A.the inve
20、stors are not so interested in buying the stakeB.the ethanol sources attract a lot of investorsC.the land under sugar expand by 2.5 times of last yearD.Peru“s export on sugar is next to that of Brazil and Colombia(3).Which of the following statements is not true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Many
21、 famous companies invest on sugar production.B.The free-trade agreement with the United States is a kind of security on international trade.C.Politics and economy are interactional.D.The enforcement of labour rights has been achieved while the author writing this text.(4).The word “precarious“ (Para
22、graph 5) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.unstableB.barrenC.plentyD.cautious(5).Which of the following is the best title for this text?（分数：2.00）A.How to Make Ethanol from SugarB.The Historical Development of Sugar Industry of PeruC.Politics Can Improve the Development of Interactional TradeD.The Conf
23、lict between Government-owned and Privatization“Europe needs to import to export. “ That is the slogan of the European Commission“s new strategy for securing its economic place in the world, unveiled this week by Peter Mandelson, the European Union“s commissioner for trade. The soundbite, of course,
24、 gets the economics precisely backwards: exports are the price a country must pay for its imports; Europeans toil away making stuff for others to consume only so they can in turn get their hands on the fruits of foreign labours. But the slogan does capture two awkward truths European exporters must
25、now confront. First, only by offering to open its own markets can the EU hope to persuade foreign countries to open theirs. But with the collapse of the Doha round of trade talks, it is not obvious to whom the Europeans should make their offers. Second, European companies are now part of elaborate g
26、lobal supply chains. Clumsy efforts to protect some of them from foreign competition deprive others of the cheap inputs they need to thrive in world markets. The new trade strategy looks at both of these dilemmas, among others. Though Mr Mandelson insists that he remains wedded to multilateral negot
27、iations at“the World Trade Organisation, he also fancies pursuing a bit on the side with other willing trade partners. The EU will pick its partners according to three criteria: do they offer a big, growing market? Are they cutting deals with America or Japan? And are they guilty of deterring Europe
28、an companies, either repelling them at the border with high tariffs, or bogging them down in cumbersome rules and regulations? The strategy names ASEAN, South Korea, India and Russia as priorities, as well as two regional blocks, Mercosur and the Gulf Co-operation Council, that it is already courtin
29、g. The EU will reveal its plans for China at the end of the month. The strategy also proposes to look again at how the EU protects its own borders, because its favored weapons are prone to backfire. For example, EU ministers decided this week to slap antidumping duties on leather shoes from Vietnam
30、and China, which threaten shoemakers in Italy, Portugal and Spain. But the duties are opposed by Europe“s own retailers and some of its sportswear makers. Letting Asian workers stitch and glue sports shoes makes it possible for such firms to employ Europeans to design and market them. Mr Mandelson p
31、resented his strategy as a way to help the EU become more competitive. Opening up to foreign rivals is, of course, an excellent way to foster competition in cloistered domestic industries. A pity then that most of his concrete proposals were about conquering markets abroad, and that the EU is still
32、so ready to raise its defences at home.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the Paragraph 1, how can Europeans get their hands on the fruits of foreign labours?（分数：2.00）A.Europeans toil away making stuff for others to consume.B.Peter Mandelson unveiled new strategy for securing its economic place in the world
33、 this week.C.Slapping anti-dumping duties on other products from outside EU.D.Ask ask more foreign labours to work in EU.(2).The reasons why the author says the slogan does capture two awkward truths European exporters must now confront include the followings except_.（分数：2.00）A.EU hope to persuade f
34、oreign countries to open their markets by offering to open its owns although it is not obvious to whom the Europeans should make their offersB.other countries were repelling EU companies at the border with high tariffsC.European companies are now part of elaborate global supply chainsD.efforts to pr
35、otect some of European companies from foreign competition may deprive others of the cheap inputs which these EU companies need to thrive in world markets(3).Which of the following is not a basic standard of EU for picking its partners?（分数：2.00）A.Offering a big, growing market.B.Not bogging them down
36、 in cumbersome rules and regulationsC.Not deterring European companies from their countriesD.Cutting deals with America or Japan(4).The word “pity“(Line 3, Paragragh 5) refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.competition in cloistered domestic industriesB.opening up to foreign rivalsC.Mr Mandelson“s strategyD.his pro
37、posals were about conquering markets abroad while EU is still so ready to raise its defenses at home(5).Which of the following could be author“s judgment of the strategy?（分数：2.00）A.Infeasible proposal.B.A perfect solution.C.Effective defense against rivals.D.Positive change.In November the European
38、Parliament“s culture and education committee is due to move forward on its proposed “audiovisual media services“ directive, before sending it to the full parliament in December. The new rules update and relax the “Television Without Frontiers“ directive of 1989, which opened Europe“s national market
39、s. But critics complain that they also seek to extend fusty regulations from the era of broadcast television to today“s very different technologies. Rules on advertising, the protection of children and so on could potentially also apply to all kinds of video streams, including video blogs, online ga
40、mes and mobile-video services. This could have a chilling effect on innovation and risks stifling emerging technologies with rules designed for another age, says Chris Marsden of RAND Europe, a think-tank that has analysed the potential impact of the proposed rules for Ofcom, Britain“s media and tel
41、ecoms regulator. “Regulators have to be thoughtful. They cannot predict the future of television “or the internetno one can,“ says Niklas Zennstr. m, a co-founder of Skype, who is now setting up an internet television firm. The proposed rules may be unrealistic as well as onerous. The idea that webs
42、ites can be regulated like broadcasters, which are required to keep strict records of what they show in order to help watchdogs investigate complaints, is untenable. Firms could simply relocate outside the European Union to escape the new rules. Last week Ruth Hieronymi, a member of parliament, said
43、 she would introduce wording that might help to overcome some of the objections. Behind the debate is the question of how best to balance competition and protection. Traditional broadcasters worry that they will be shackled by regulations while brisk start-ups can do as they pleaseso they like the i
44、dea of extending regulation to their new rivals. But even if the rules are approved as they stand, they will not come into force until 2010. Such a long, slow process seems incongruous given the pace of technological change.（分数：10.00）(1).The change of television can be attributed to_.（分数：2.00）A.the
45、scarce spectrum and only small number of stations existedB.advancement of technologyC.the preference of different audiencesD.Europe“s attempt to update the rules(2).According to the text, the new rules_.（分数：2.00）A.seek to revise the previous regulationB.complained by many educatorsC.passed by Europe
46、an Parliament in 1989D.opened Europe“s national markets(3).According to the Paragragh 3, Niklas Zennstr. m think that_.（分数：2.00）A.rules designed for another age is still availableB.Television Without Frontiers directive of 1989 has stifled new technologies emergingC.regulators should be more forecas
47、table so they can design better rules of television and other mediaD.regulations must be realistic because no one can not predict the future(4).The word “onerous“ (Line 1, Paragraph 4) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.deceptiveB.burdensomeC.stringentD.outrageous(5).Why Traditional broadcasters want t
48、o extend regulations to the new broadcasters?（分数：2.00）A.Because they are chained by regulations while the new rivals are free from themB.Because it is hard to balance competition and protection.C.Because the new broadcasters are more adapted to the regulations.D.Because the rules come into force in a slow and long process.Jim Boon is a hybrid kind of guy. He drives a Toyota hybrid to work, a Honda hybrid on weekends and, as a manager for Seattle public transit he recently placed the world“s largest order for hybrid electric buses. Now, with the biggest hybrid-bus fleet in the worl
