1、考研英语-试卷 19 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_When a disease of epidemic proportions threatens the public, scientists immediately ge
2、t to work, trying to locate the source of affliction and find ways to combat. Vaccination is one of the effective ways to protect the (1)_ population of a region or country which may be (2)_ grave risk. The process of vaccination allows the patient“s body to (3)_ immunity to the virus or disease so
3、that, if it is encountered, one can fight it (4)_ naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead (5)_ of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, (6)_ his body“s immune system can learn to fight the invader (7)_. Information (8)_ how to penetrate the diseas
4、e“s defenses is (9)_ to all elements of the patient“s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that (10)_ the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to (11)_ with
5、it, having already done so before. There are, however, dangers (12)_ in the process. (13)_, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves (14)_ much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system (15)_, and, therefore, the patient“s death. Such is the case of the s
6、mallpox vaccine, (16)_ to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly (17)_ the whole Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. (18)_ 1 in 10,000 people who receive the vaccine (19)_ the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Consequently, the process, wh
7、ich is truly a (20)_, may indeed hide some hidden curses.Notes:proportions(pl.)规模；程度；大小。affliction(疾病)痛苦。vaccination n.接种疫苗。eradicate v.根除，消灭。（分数：40.00）A.entireB.totalC.completeD.complexA.inB.atC.underD.beyondA.eliminateB.identifyC.developD.deliverA.upB.againstC.withD.offA.strainB.spellC.seriesD.fit
8、A.only ifB.so thatC.in caseD.seeing thatA.radicallyB.directlyC.properlyD.presumablyA.forB.ofC.toD.onA.transmittedB.transferredC.transportedD.transformedA.wouldB.shouldC.if onlyD.even ifA.handleB.familiarizeC.dealD.tackleA.availableB.plausibleC.accessibleD.inherentA.On occasionB.By contrastC.In addit
9、ionD.On the contraryA.soB.tooC.ratherD.quiteA.hurtingB.hinderingC.deterioratingD.endangeringA.inventedB.discoveredC.investigatedD.designedA.wiped outB.ruled outC.break downD.died outA.FortunatelyB.ApproximatelyC.NaturallyD.SpecificallyA.infectsB.affectsC.effectsD.contractsA.luckB.triumphC.blessingD.
10、promise二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more
11、time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives. Administrators have been aware of t
12、he need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can als
13、o play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils“ progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home. To illustrate, suppose that a father has been d
14、rilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or
15、measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the
16、 same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers“ conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of children“s misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home. What is needed is a more creative approach in which the te
17、acher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents“ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters“ capacities.（分数：10.00）(1).The central idea conve
18、yed in the above text is that _.（分数：2.00）A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.B.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school.C.there are many ways in which the mathematics program c
19、an be implemented at home.D.parents have a responsibility to help students in doing homework.(2).The author directly discusses the fact that _.（分数：2.00）A.parents drill their children too much in arithmetic.B.principals have explained the new art programs to parents.C.a parent“s misguided efforts can
20、 be properly directed.D.a father can have his son help him construct articles at home.(3).It can reasonably be inferred that the author _.（分数：2.00）A.is satisfied with present relationships between home and school.B.feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the develop
21、mental program.C.believes that schools are woefully lacking in guidance personnel.D.feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present.(4).We may infer that the writer of the article does not favor _.（分数：2.00）A.suggestions by the teacher to a parent in r
22、egard to improving the student“s scholastic average.B.written communications to the parent from the teacher.C.having the parent observe lessons which the children are being taught.D.principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences.(5).The author does not directly state, but implie
23、s that _.（分数：2.00）A.participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves one“s achievement in that area.B.too many children are lazy and have poor work habits.C.school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents.D.teachers should occasionally m
24、ake home visits to parents.In 1575over 400 years ago the French scholar Louis Le Roy published a learned book in which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the social and technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaissance. We, also, feel that our times are out of joint;
25、we even have reason to believe that our descendants will be worse off than we are. The earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted. Pollution will ruin the environment, upset the climate and endanger human health. The gap in living standards between the rich and the poor will widen an
26、d lead the angry, hungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use of nuclear weapons as blackmail. Such are the inevitable consequences of population and technological growth if present trends continue. The future is never a projection of the past. Animals probably have no chance
27、 to escape from the tyranny of biological evolution, but human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution. For us, trend is not destiny (fate). The escape from existing trends is now facilitated by the fact that societies anticipate future dangers and take preventive steps against expec
28、ted changes. Despite the widespread belief that the world has become too complex for comprehension by the human brain; modern societies have often responded effectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partial prohibition of pesticides and the rethinking of technologies for t
29、he production and use of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal of trends caused not by political upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but by public awareness of consequences. Even more striking are the situations in which social attitudes concerning future difficulties undergo
30、rapid changes before the problems have come to passwitness the heated arguments about the problems of behavior control and of genetic engineering even though there is as yet no proof that effective methods can be developed to manipulate behavior and genes on a population scale. One of the characteri
31、stics of our times is thus the rapidity with which steps can be taken to change the orientation of certain trends and even to reverse them. Such changes usually emerge from grass root movements rather than from official directives.Notes:Renaissance (1415 世纪欧洲)文艺复兴(时期)。tyranny 暴虐统治；暴虐行为。are blessed w
32、ith 幸有；有幸得到。but a few 只是几个。come to pass 发生，实现。as yet 至今。grass root 群众。（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, if present trends continue, which one of the following situations will not occur?（分数：2.00）A.An overpopulated earth will be unable to sustain its inhabitants.B.The rich will beco
33、me richer and the poor will become poorer.C.New sources of energy will be substituted for oil and natural gas.D.The effects of pollution will pose a dreadful threat to mankind.(2).The best illustration of the meaning of “trend is not destiny“ in Para. 3 is that _.（分数：2.00）A.human beings are blessed
34、with the freedom of social evolution.B.the world has become too complex for human beings to modify.C.preventive steps against catastrophes are difficult to be adopted.D.the earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted.(3).According to the text, evidences of the insight of the public in
35、to the dangers which surround us can be found in all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.a decline in birth rates.B.opposition to the use of pesticides.C.pressing for better power production and energy use.D.a rapid increase in the funding of environment research.(4).The author is in favor of the o
36、pinion that _.（分数：2.00）A.the reversal of trend caused by scientific advances is out of the question.B.nuclear weapons won“t play a prominent role in dealings among peoples.C.the public is aware of the future dangers and ready to take immediate action.D.the trend of rapid development of science and t
37、echnology seems irresistible.(5).The logical organization of the text is that _.（分数：2.00）A.an assertion is made, followed by a few examples to illustrate it.B.future dangers are stated and relative measures are to be adopted.C.a historical trend is stated and evidence is then provided to prove it.D.
38、examples of risks are given and reasons are then advanced to clarify them.Within 80 years, some scientists estimate, the world must produce more than eight times the present world food supply. The productiveness of the sea raises our hopes for an adequate food supply in the future. Aided by men of s
39、cience, we have set forth to find out that 70 percent of the earth remains unexplored the ocean depths. Thus, we may better discover and utilize the sea“s natural products for the world“s hungry. It is fish protein concentrate that is sought from the seas. By utilizing the unharvested fish in United
40、 States waters alone, enough fish protein concentrate can, be obtained to provide supplemental animal protein for more than one billion people for one year at the cost of less than half a cent per day per person. The malnutrition of children is terribly tragic. But the crime lies in society“s unrest
41、rained breeding, not in its negligence in producing fish powder. But wherever the population projects are carefully considered, the answer to the problem is something like this: There are few projects that could do more to raise the nutritional level of mankind than a full-scale scientific effort to
42、 develop the resources of the sea. Each year some thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea, which account for 12 percent of the world“s animal proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must push forward into the sea frontiers for food supplies. Private industry must step u
43、p its marine research and the federal government must make new attacks on the problems of marine research development. There is a tone of desperateness in all these designs on the sea. But what is most startling is the assumption that the seas are an untouched resource. The fact is that the seas hav
44、e been, and are being, hurt directly and indirectly, by the same forces that have abused the land. In the broad pattern of ecological relationships the seas are not separable from what happens on the land. The poisons that pollute the soil and the air bring in massive doses into the “continental she
45、lf“ waters. The dirt and pollution that spills from our urban sewers and industrial out falls despoil our bays and coastal waters. All the border seas are already heavily polluted by the same exploitation drives that have undermined the quality of life on land.Notes: sewers 下水道。（分数：10.00）(1).Accordi
46、ng to the text, which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Though the situation is not urgent, we should press forward with our marine research.B.Nations throughout the world must be provided with fish, fresh or frozen, for needed protein.C.There are enough fish in the U.S. seas to allow f
47、or the annual protein needs of a quarter of the world“s 5 billion people.D.The oceans are the major source of the world“s protein supply.(2).The author“s primary concern is that _.（分数：2.00）A.the oceans will help to provide enough food for the world in the future.B.thirty million tons of food product
48、s are taken from the sea every year.C.city sewers are pouring forth polluted matter into bays and coastal waters.D.a steady increase in population will result in more hungry mouths to feed.(3).The author of the text is most probably of the opinion that _.（分数：2.00）A.the sea is an inexhaustible resource of food supply.B.the shortage of food supply mainly results from unrestricted population growth.C.the inadequate food supply is chiefly caused by the negligence in exploration of the sea.D.it is the popu
