1、考研英语-试卷 190 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星) but also (1)_ rays from t
2、he sun and other stars. The atmosphere again (2)_ as our protective blanket on earth. Lightgets through, and this is essential for plants to (3)_ the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air (4)_ outer space, but enormous quantities of
3、 radiation from the sun are (5)_ off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are (6)_ to this radiation, but their space suits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, (7)_ prevent a lot of radiation damage. (8)_ is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiatio
4、n is called “rem“. Scientists have (9)_ to think that a man can (10)_ far more radiation than 0.1 ram without being damaged: the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to make (11)_ about radiation damagea person may feel perfectly well, (12)_ the cells o
5、f his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will (13)_ be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew (14)_ a large amount of rems. So
6、far; no (15)_ amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are. going to (16)_ when they spend weeks and months outside the (17)_ of the atmosphere, (18)_ in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to (19)_ the damage done by
7、radiation, but no really (20)_ ones have been found so far.（分数：40.00）A.theB.withC.because ofD.dangerousA.usesB.actsC.treatsD.floatsA.offerB.provideC.makeD.obtainA.fromB.intoC.offD.byA.defendedB.preventedC.postponedD.screenedA.invulnerableB.viciousC.ineffectiveD.exposedA.doB.toC.theyD.whoA.exposureB.
8、radiationC.raysD.flyingA.reasonB.itC.thatD.moreA.receiveB.put up withC.copeD.put offA.rightB.sureC.understandableD.wiseA.whenB.furthermoreC.butD.evenA.yetB.stillC.norD.continuouslyA.accumulatedB.assembledC.containedD.gatheredA.largeB.enormousC.poisonousD.dangerousA.move alongB.stay aliveC.get onD.co
9、me backA.guardB.coverC.layerD.protectionA.flyingB.workingC.trappingD.stayingA.stopB.removeC.decreaseD.eliminateA.usefulB.effectiveC.purposefulD.efficient二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions b
10、elow each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The most critical time in the life of a human is the very beginningthe first hours after birth. Yet it has been only within the past few years that doctors have recognized that treating a newborn baby like a small child is not the best procedure. This is espe
11、cially true of “high risk babies“, a term applied to babies that are premature, underweight, or born with major organic defects. They need immediate, imaginative, intensive care and observation, not only for survival but also to help circumvent physical problems which may affect the infant for life.
12、 Out of this requirement has developed a new branch of medicine called neonatology, which is concerned with the first three months of life. Dozens of major hospitals throughout the United States have opened newborn intensive care units, directed by neonatologists and employing equipment and techniqu
13、es devised specially for tiny patients. One of the greatest aids in these units is an “isolette“an electronically equipped glass-enclosed incubator with portholes for sterile access to the baby. Inside the isolette, sensors placed on the infant make him look much like a miniature astronaut. The sens
14、ors automatically regulate and record the temperature, humidity, and oxygen in this “artificial womb“, as well as signal change or trouble affecting its occupant. In hospitals with newborn intensive care unit, specialists are ready to use their skills as the need arises. They are alerted to pregnanc
15、ies that may develop complications. For example, if a woman who is pregnant enters the hospital and is under the age of 18 or over the age of 40, is undernourished or obese, has diabetes, heart or kidney trouble, the neonatologists are advised. The neonatologist often attends the delivery of a baby
16、with the obstetrician, and then rushes the newborn infant into his special care unit. There, within a few minutes, the baby is tested, examined thoroughly, and made ready for treatment or surgery if needed. The most common cause of infant deaths is pre-maturity. In some hospitals it is not unusual t
17、o find 8 or 9 “preemies“ (premature infants) in the special care units at one time. In addition to the technical advances, the health of the infant depends on an ageless ingredient-love. Nurses are essential members of baby-caring teams. Their job is to rock, to feed, and to fondle the very small pa
18、tients. Even at this early age, doctors find that lack of love has adverse physical and psychological effects on the newborn babies. As the number of neonatologists and special care centers has increased, the survival rate for high-risk babies in the United States has risen from about 75 % a few yea
19、rs ago to an impressively high 90% today. Doctors think that the 90% could be increased if the babies could be brought more quickly under the care of a neonatologist. In some hospitals, teams of doctors and nurses can respond to emergencies with portable isolettes which are carried by airplane, heli
20、copter, or ambulance.（分数：10.00）(1).Doctors have recently discovered that_.（分数：2.00）A.newborn babies should be treated as small childrenB.newborn babies should be brought quickly under the care of his parentsC.high-risk babies need immediate surgeryD.high-risk babies should brought quickly under the
21、care of a neonatologist(2).According to the passage, all of the following are true about isolette EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.it is an electronically equipped glass-enclosed incubator with portholes and sensors insideB.it functions as “artificial womb“C.sensors inside make the baby look like a miniature astr
22、onautD.portholes in isolette allow a doctor to regulate the body temperature and oxygen supply of an infant(3).What is the most common cause of infant deaths?（分数：2.00）A.Prematurity.B.Organic defects.C.Lack of special equipment.D.Lack of artificial womb.(4).Besides technical advances, what else is ne
23、eded for the health of an infant?（分数：2.00）A.Isolette.B.Artificial womb.C.Loving care.D.Newborn intensive care units.(5).The following statements are the reasons why the survival rate for high-risk babies in the United States has risen EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.portable isolettes make emergency treatment of
24、 high-risk babies possibleB.high-risk babies cotdd be brought more quickly under the care of a neonatologistC.helicopters and airplanes are used to provide immediate treatment for high-risk babiesD.special teams of doctors and nurses are assigned to feed, rock, and fondle high-risk babiesParents can
25、 easily come down with an acute case of schizophrenia from reading the contradictory reports about the state of the public schools. One sat of experts asserts that the schools are better than they have been for years. Others say that the schools are in terrible shape and are responsible for every na
26、tional problem from urban poverty to the trade deficit. One group of experts looks primarily at such indicators as test scores, and they cheer what they see: all the indicatorsreading scores, minimum competency test results, the Scholastic Aptitude Test scoresare up, some by substantial margins. Stu
27、dents are required to take more academic coursesmore mathematics and science, along with greater stress on basic skills, including knowledge of computers. More than 40 state legislatures have mandated such changes. But in the eyes of another set of school reformers such changes are at best superfici
28、al and at worst counterproductive. These experts say that merely toughening requirements, without either improving the quality of instruction or, even more important, changing the way schools are organized and children are taught makes the schools worse rather than better. They challenge the nature
29、of the test, mostly multiple choice or true or false, by which children“s progress is measured; they charge that raising the test scores by drilling pupils to come up with the right answers does not improve knowledge, understanding and the capacity to think logically and independently. In addition,
30、these critics fear that the get-tough approach to school reform will cause more of the youngsters at the bottom to give up and drop out. This, they say, may improve national scores but drain even further the nation“s pool of educated people. The way to cut through the confusion is to understand the
31、different yardsticks used by different observers. Compared with what schools used to be like “in the good old days“, with lots of drill and uniform requirements, and the expectation that many youngsters who could not make it would drop out and find their way into unskilled jobsby those yardsticks th
32、e schools have measurably improved in recent years. But by the yardsticks of those experts who believe that the old school was deficient in teaching the skills needed in the modern world, today“s schools have not become better. These educators believe that rigid new mandates may actually have made t
33、he schools worse.（分数：10.00）(1).The assertion of the experts who think schools axe doing better is based on the_.（分数：2.00）A.qualification of the teachersB.test scoresC.reading ability of the childrenD.basic skills of the children(2).People who think schools axe not doing any better base their judgmen
34、t on the_.（分数：2.00）A.non-substantial margins of the scoresB.toughened requirements of state legislationC.nature of the testsD.ability of students to think logically.(3).The word “yardstick“(Sentence 2, Paragraph 4) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.standardB.opinionC.angleD.score(4).According to the author
35、 the drop-out rate of school children is often caused by the_.（分数：2.00）A.inability of the childrenB.school reformsC.easy access to unskilled jobD.tough requirements of the schools(5).The purpose of this article is to_.（分数：2.00）A.show the author“s positive attitude towards schools in the United State
36、sB.show the author“ S negative attitude towards schools for readers to judgeC.present two opposing views on the quality of schools for readers to judgeD.offer the way to cut through the confusion about the quality of schoolsThe best salespeople first establish a mood of trust and rapport by means of
37、 “hypnotic pacing“ statements and gestures that play back a customer“s observations, experience, or behavior. Pacing is a kind of mirror-like matching, a way of suggesting: “I am like you. We are in sync. You can trust me“. The simplest form of pacing is “descriptive pacing“, in which the seller for
38、mulates accurate, if banal, descriptions of the customer“s experience. “It“s been awfully hot these last few days, hasn“t it?. You said you were going to graduate in June“. These statements serve the purpose of establishing agreement and developing an unconscious affinity between seller and customer
39、. In clinical hypnosis, the hypnotist might make comparable pacing statements. “You are ham today to see me for hypnosis“. “You told me over the phone about a problem that concerns you“. Sales agents with only average success tend to jump immediately into their memorized sales pitches or to hit the
40、customer with a barrage of questions. Neglecting to pace the customer, the mediocre sales agent creates no common ground on which to build trust. A second type of hypnotic pacing statement is the “objection pacing“ comment. A customer objects or resists, and the sales agent agrees, matching his or h
41、er remarks to the remarks of the customer. A superior insurance agent might agree that “insurance is not the best investment out there“, just as a clinical hypnotist might tell a difficult subject. “You are resisting going into trance. That“s good. I encourage that“. The customer, pushing against a
42、wall, finds that the wall has disappeared. The agent, having confirmed the customer“s objection, then leads the customer to a position that negates or undermines the objection. The insurance salesperson who agreed that “insurance is not the best investment out there“ went on to tell his customer, “b
43、ut it does have a few uses“. He then described all the benefits of life insurance. Mediocre salespeople generally respond to resistance head-on, with arguments that presumably answer the customer“s objection. This response often leads the customer to dig in his heels all the harder. The most powerfu
44、l forms of pacing have more to do with how something is said than with what is said. The good salesperson has ability to pace the language and thought of any customer. With hypnotic effect, the agent matches the voice tone, rhythm, volume, and speech rate of the customer. He matches the customer“s p
45、osture, body language, and mood. He adopts the characteristic verbal language of the customer. If the customer is slightly depressed, the agent chares that feeling and acknowledges that he has been feeling “a little down“ lately. Ill essence, the top sales producer becomes a sophisticated biofeedbac
46、k mechanism, sharing and reflecting the customer“s realityeven to the point of breathing in and out with the customer.（分数：10.00）(1).The main point of this article is that_.（分数：2.00）A.salespeople should study hypnosis to improve their sales skillsB.the most successful salespeople use a lot of hypnosi
47、s techniquesC.the best salespeople are unethical and will do anything to sell their productsD.the top salespeople are persuasive(2).We are in sync is another way of saying_.（分数：2.00）A.we are alike, particularly in our way of thinkingB.we are going to like each otherC.we don“t have the same ideas, bu
48、t we respect each other“s ideasD.we are in the same situation(3).The word “rapport“ (Sentence 1, Paragraph 1) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.beliefB.harmonyC.relationshipD.connection(4).In Paragraph 2, the two sentences “You are here today to see me for hypnosis“ and “You told me over the phone about a problem that concerns you“ are examples of_.（分数：2.00）A.hypnotic suggestionsB.sell techniqueC.descriptive pacingD.hypnotists“ greetings(5).Which statement is NOT necessarily true?（分数：2.
