1、考研英语-试卷 175 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Even the Saudisor rather, the small number of men who actually rule their troubled co
2、untryare giving ground in the struggle for women“s rights. For sure, the recommendations (1)_ this week to Crown Prince Abdullah at the end of an (2)_ round of “national dialogue“ concentrating on the role of women were fairly tame. In the reformers-versus-reactionaries (3)_ test of whether women sh
3、ould be allowed to drive cars (at present they cannot do so in the kingdom, nor can they travel unaccompanied, by whatever (4)_ of motion), the king was merely asked to“ (5)_ a body to study a public transport system for women to facilitate mobility“. (6)_ mention, of course, of the right to votebut
4、 then that has been (7)_ to men too, though local elections, on an apparently universal franchise, are supposed to be held in October. In sum, it is a tortoise“s progress. But the very fact of the debate happening at all is (8)_and hopeful. It is not just in Saudi Arabia that more rights for women a
5、re being demanded (9)_ across the whole of the Arab and Muslim world. The pushy Americans have made women“s rights part of their appeal for greater democracy in (10)_ they now officially call the “broader Middle East“, to include non-Arab Muslim countries such as Iran, Turkey and even Afghanistan. M
6、any Arabs have cautioned the Americans against seeking to (11)_ their own values on societies with such different traditions and (12)_ Many leading Muslims have (13)_ the culturally imperious Americans of seeking to (14)_ Is lam. The (15)_ for more democracy in the Muslim world issued by leaders of
7、the eight biggest industrial countries was watered down for fear of giving (16)_ Yet, despite the Arabs“ prickliness, the Americans have helped pep up a debate that is now bubbling fiercely in the Arab world, even (17)_ many Arab leaders, none of whom is directly elected by the people, are understan
8、dably (18)_ of reforms that could lead to their own toppling. Never before have women“s rights in the Arab world been so (19)_ debated. That (20)_ is cause to rejoice.（分数：40.00）A.remouldedB.inheritedC.accordedD.handedA.unprecedentedB.unquenchableC.unorthodoxD.unmatchedA.tenorB.gistC.glamourD.litmusA
9、.metabolismB.meansC.metaphraseD.methodologyA.assignB.assuageC.assumeD.attestA.NotB.NeverC.NoD.ScarcelyA.discountedB.demurredC.discreditedD.deniedA.melodiousB.remarkableC.mercurialD.resistantA.otherwiseB.butC.thereatD.whereuponA.whatB.thatC.whetherD.whichA.sanctionB.imposeC.inhibitD.licenseA.strategi
10、esB.idealsC.beliefsD.tacticsA.robbedB.accusedC.relievedD.strippedA.destroyB.defyC.decimateD.dilateA.vicinityB.collaborationC.appealD.flatteryA.offenceB.collapseC.disasterD.passivismA.asB.soC.thenD.thoughA.awareB.supportiveC.waryD.indicativeA.latentlyB.monotonouslyC.moderatelyD.vigorouslyA.lonelyB.so
11、loC.aloneD.logo二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._No one really likes help. It is a great deal more satisfactory to be given the opportunity to ear
12、n one“s daily bread; and if, by doing so, one can create a continuing means of livelihood, more jobs, and better living conditions for one“s community, that is more satisfactory still. It is on this premise that the World Food Program bases most of its operations. But how can a man born of unemploye
13、d, undernourished parents, in, the depths of poverty that spreads the solidarity towns near Latin American cities, or displaced people“s camps in Africa and Asia, begin to make some improvement? Someone must help someone who under stands that both food and employment are fundamental to his need. Mos
14、t thinking people must have remarked at some time or other that it doesn“t make sense for half the population of the world to be in need of better food while governments and farmers elsewhere are worried by surpluses. For a number of years, until recently, North America and Australia had too much wh
15、eat. Japan had too much rice. Similarly, the EEC rapidly built a butter “mountain“; in its short history. It was an awareness of the cruel paradox of a world with surpluses and starvation that prompted the setting up of the World Food Pro grain by the United Nations and also by the Food and Agricult
16、ural Organization. Its organizers realized that it could be useful both to developed and developing countries. It could remove surpluses in such a way that did not upset normal trading or threaten, the livelihood of farmers in contributor countries, and then use these foods to feed people and aid de
17、velopment in poor-privileged areas. So how does the World Food Program (WFP) work and what has it achieved? Logically, the story starts with a pledging session. The contributor countries, of which there have been a hundred and four over the years, pledge themselves to give a certain value during the
18、 succeeding two years. Most of these pledges are honored by gifts of food, but court tries which do not produce food surplus to their own needs pledge money to finance the administration and shipping of the food given by others., Meanwhile, the WFP staff in Rome get requests from countries which wou
19、ld like to receive, this food aid. Some of these are emergency requests when earthquake, hurricane, flood, drought or pestilence strikes, or political disorder causes a new wave of refuges. Of course, WFP responds to these, but they represent no more than a quarter of its aid in any one year. The re
20、al objective is to aid constructive development, and so to make full preparation against the everyday disaster of having little food to eat, no work to go to, no dignity to have. So the WFP staff are responsive to requests from governments who want initial help to develop new lands for farming, to b
21、uild roads, to provide irrigation, and so on. The government of the would-be recipient country has to put forward what is considered to be a worthwhile and workable scheme, and if this is accepted, WFP agrees to supply food to a certain value for a specified period of years (usually three to five).
22、Usually the food is for the people; sometimes it is their farm livestock.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of the first two paragraphs is that many people _.（分数：2.00）A.feel offended by people who offer them giftsB.are prevented from rising in the world by the poverty of their surroundingsC.need to be give
23、n both food and the chance to earn their livingD.feel their pride hurt if they are given charity(2).The main purpose of Paragraph 2 is to _.（分数：2.00）A.answer an objection that some readers may raise to Paragraph 1B.guard against the possibility that you have read Paragraph 1C.contradict the idea of
24、Paragraph 1D.show more optimistic than Paragraph 1(3).Because there exist surpluses(e.g. wheat, rice, butter), aid programs _.（分数：2.00）A.may promote overproduction of some goodsB.put the interests of the producers before those of the consumersC.could interfere with more normal types of tradeD.will h
25、elp the givers as well as the receivers(4).The main aim of the WFP is to _.（分数：2.00）A.meet the needs created by unexpected crises such as hurricanesB.give food to those nations that need itC.find a way of helping poorer nations to cope with emergenciesD.help the poorer nations to help themselves(5).
26、WFP“s plans for underdeveloped countries emphasize the need to _.（分数：2.00）A.develop types of fruit trees that will resist diseaseB.extend the area of land fit for cultivationC.remove or flatten out the tops of hillsD.provide food for farm animalsClothes play a critical part in the conclusions we rea
27、ch by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer“s background, personality, status, mood and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people“s imp
28、ression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. A young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person“s education, background, or interests, may alienate an elderly middle-class man or woman. Peo
29、ple tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are conside
30、red to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of u
31、s can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had well-define
32、d precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine“ and “feminine“ attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to
33、 women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine“ appearance: shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed,“ An at
34、tractive woman is definitely going to get longer interview, but she won“t get a job.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, the way we dress _.（分数：2.00）A.provides clues for people who are critical of usB.indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a careerC.has a direct influence on the way people
35、 regard usD.is of particular importance when we get on in age(2).From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can _.（分数：2.00）A.change people“s conservative attitudes toward their lifestyleB.help young people make friends wi
36、th the opposite sexC.make them competitive id the job marketD.help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships(3).The word “precedent“(Line 1, Para 4) probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.early acts for men to follow as exampleB.particular places for men to occupy especially because of thei
37、r importanceC.things that men should agree uponD.men“s beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided(4).According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficult situations because _.（分数：2.00）A.the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to chooseB.women
38、are generally thought to be only good at being fashion modelsC.men are more favorably judged for managerial positionsD.they are not sure for what extent they.should display their feminine qualities through clothing(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Dressing for effect.B.How to dress app
39、ropriately.C.Managerial positions and clothing.D.Dressing for the occasion.When the first white men arrived in Samoa, they found blind men, who could see well enough to describe things in detail just by holding their hands over objects. In France, Jules Romaine tested hundreds of blind people and fo
40、und a few who could tell the difference between light and dark. He narrowed their photosensitivity(感光灵敏度) down to areas on the nose or in the finger tips. In 1960 a medical board examined a girl in Virginia and found that, even with thick bandages over her eyes, she was able to distinguish different
41、 colors and read short sections of large print. Rosa Kuleshova, a young woman in the Urals, can see with her fingers. She is not blind, but because she grew up in a family of blind people, she learned to read Braille(盲文) to help them and then went on to teach herself to do other things with her hand
42、s. She was examined by the Soviet Academy of Science, and proved to be genuine. A scientist made an intensive study with her and found that, securely blindfolded with only her arms stuck through a screen, she could tell the difference between three primary colors. To test the possibility that the ca
43、rds reflected heat differently, he heated some and cooled others without affecting her response to them. He also found that she could read newsprint under glass, so texture was giving her no clues. She was able to identify the colors and shape of patches of light projected on to her palm or on to a
44、screen. In rigidly controlled tests, with a blindfold and a screen and a piece of card around her neck so wide that she could not see round it, Rosa read the small print in a newspaper with her elbow. And, in the most convincing demonstration of all, she repeated these things with someone standing b
45、ehind her pressing hard on her eyeballs. Nobody can cheat under this pressure.（分数：10.00）(1).The first white men to visit Samoa found people who _.（分数：2.00）A.were not entirely blindB.described things by touching themC.could see with their handsD.could see when they hold out their hands(2).From the fi
46、rst paragraph we can learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.very few people have the sensitivity of the blindB.blind people can manage to see things, but not clearlyC.not everybody sees with his eyesD.it is possible to narrow the photosensitive areas of the body(3).Why did the scientist put the paper under glass?（
47、分数：2.00）A.To prevent Rosa from feeling the print.B.To stop the reflection of heat.C.To make things as difficult as possible.D.To stop her from cheating.(4).Which of the following makes the demonstration most persuasive?（分数：2.00）A.To read through glass, blindfolded.B.To identify the color and shape o
48、f light on a screen while securely blindfolded.C.To carry out the test with someone pressing on her eyeballs.D.To work from behind a screen, blindfolded and with a card round her neck.(5).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.The men in Samoa were not quite blind.B.A girl called Virginia could read newsprint even when she was blindfolded.C.Rosa“s ability to see was confined to her fingers.D.The result of the last test on Rosa was least doubtable.It is a curious paradox that
