1、考研英语-试卷 15及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Making good coffee is not a simple business. Coffee bushes must be grown in shade. A hi
2、llside is bestbut it mustn“t be too (1)_. After three years, the bushes will start to (2)_ bright-red coffee “cherries“, which are picked, processed to (3)_ the inner part, and spread out to dry for days, (4)_ on concrete. They are (5)_ again to separate the bean, which needs to rest, preferably for
3、 a few months. Only then can it be roasted, ground and brewed (6)_ the stuff that dreams are suppressed with. In Mexico and parts of Central America, (7)_ in Colombia, most coffee farmers are smallholders. They found it especially hard to (8)_ the recent fall in the coffee price. The (9)_ of their i
4、ncome makes it hard for farmers to invest to (10)_ their crop, says Fernando Celis. The fall forced many small farmers to (11)_ other crops, or migrate to cities. For farmers, one way out of this (12)_ is to separate the price they are paid (13)_ the international commodities markets. This is the (1
5、4)_ of Fair-trade, an organization which certifies products as “responsibly“ sourced. Fair-trade determines at what price farmers make what it considers a (15)_ profit. Its current (16)_ is that the appropriate figure is 10% above the market price. (17)_, sales of Fair-trade-certified coffee have in
6、creased from $22.5m per year to $87m per year since 1998. This is still a tiny fraction of the overall world coffee trade, worth $10 billion (18)_ But there are plenty of other markets for high-quality coffee. Some small producers can (19)_ more by marketing their coffee as organic or “bird-friendly
7、“ because, unlike large, mechanized plantations, they have (20)_ shade trees.（分数：40.00）A.steepB.highC.bigD.wideA.makeB.formC.produceD.manufactureA.deductB.discardC.removeD.expelA.partlyB.ideallyC.particularlyD.especiallyA.milledB.brokenC.burstD.crackedA.onB.upC.ofD.intoA.thusB.asC.withD.byA.face up
8、withB.deal withC.come up withD.bring withA.mobilityB.shortageC.volatilityD.regularityA.sustainB.containC.undergoD.growA.move toB.turn toC.come toD.switch toA.situationB.problemC.dilemmaD.matterA.inB.forC.fromD.toA.aimB.attitudeC.optionD.approachA.comfortableB.reasonableC.sensibleD.availableA.judgmen
9、tB.calculationC.intensionD.suggestionA.HoweverB.AroundC.In factD.WorldwideA.annuallyB.usuallyC.mainlyD.entirelyA.costB.applyC.chargeD.takeA.revealedB.retractedC.retainedD.reshaped二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four tex
10、ts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Internet advertising is booming. The industry has gone from $9.6 billion in revenue in 2001 to $27 billion this year, according to Piper Jaffray, an investment bank. And it is still early days. The internet accounts for only 5% of to
11、tal spending on advertising, but that figure is expected to reach at least 20% in the next few years. The single largest category within this flourishing industry, accounting for nearly half of all spending, is “pay-per-click“ advertising, which is used by firms both large and small to promote their
12、 wares. The benefits of the pay-per-click approach over traditional advertising (television, radio, print and billboards) are obvious. Since advertisers pay only to reach the small subset who actually respond to an advertisement, the quality of the leads generated is very high, and advertisers are p
13、repared to pay accordingly. The price: per click varies from $0.10 to as much as $30, depending on the keyword, though the average is around $0.50. Google made most of its $6.1 billion in revenue last year from pay-per-click advertising. But as pay-per-click advertising has grown into a huge industr
14、y, concern has mounted over so-called “click fraud“bogus clicks that do not come from genuinely interested customers. It takes two main forms. If you click repeatedly on the advertisements on your own website, or get other people or machines to do so on your behalf, you can generate a stream of bogu
15、s commissions. Click fraud can also be used by one company against another: clicking on a rival firm“s advertisements can saddle it with a huge bill. Bogus clicks are thought to account for around 10% of all click traffic, though nobody knows for sure. A few months ago Mr. Gross pioneered an alterna
16、tive to the pay-per-click model. In February, Snap, a search engine backed by Mr. Gross, launched “pay-per-action“ (PPA), a new model in which advertisers pay only if a click on an ad is followed by an action such as a purchase or a download. Might this put an end to click fraud? Don“t bet on it, sa
17、ys Mike Zeman at Starcom, an advertising agency. Payper-action will be a niche, he predicts, since converting a click into an action depends on a variety of factors such as the ease of use of the advertiser“s website. Google and its peers will be reluctant to be so dependent on factors outside their
18、 control. But Mr. Tobaccowala thinks pay-per-action could become a real alternative to pay-per-click. As bigger companies spend more on internet advertising; they will demand more accountability and a wider range of options, he says. At the very least, that means clamping down on click fraud; but it
19、 also presents an opportunity for entrepreneurs to invent new models that are less vulnerable to abuse.（分数：10.00）(1).The situation of “pay-per-click“ advertising can be described as _.（分数：2.00）A.a fresh industry.B.an efficient tool to attract the consumers.C.the trend of internet advertising.D.the g
20、ood choice for both large and small companies.(2).The price per click depends on the keyword, because _.（分数：2.00）A.the keyword will attract consumers to visit the advertiser“s website.B.the keyword relates to the commission.C.the keyword will reflect the consumers“ hobbies.D.the keyword is the main
21、part of the product.(3).The advertisers and the website operators have the conflict caused by _.（分数：2.00）A.the fraud click.B.the ignoring of fraud-detection from website operators.C.losing money in “pay-per-click“ advertising.D.whether the PPA model should be used.(4).The PPA will become more popula
22、r due to _.（分数：2.00）A.the shortcoming of pay-per-click.B.the fraud click.C.the punishment for click fraud.D.the adoption of leading operators.(5).Which of the following is true of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Although the risk exists, the internet advertising still can earn a lot of profit,B.The PPA will sub
23、stitute the original click advertising model.C.All operators start to satisfy the advertisers by using PPA.D.The entrepreneurs are pleasantly surprised by the temporary solution.Kevin Hines, a manic-depressive, was 19 and in one of his weekly downswings on an overcast Monday morning in 2000. He went
24、 to the nearby Golden Gate Bridge to kill himself mostly because, with only a four-foot (1.2-metre) railing to leap, “I figured it was the easiest way“. He dived over, but flipped and hit the water at 75mph with his feet first. His legs were crushed, but he somehow stayed conscious and started paddl
25、ing with his upper body until the Coast Guard fished him out. Mr. Hines is one of 26 people who have survived suicide attempts at the bridge, but 1,223 are known to have succeeded (i.e., were seen jumping or found floating). People are throwing themselves off the bridge at the rate of two a month, w
26、hich makes it the most popular place in the world for suicides. One book on the subject says that the Golden Gate is “to suicide what Niagara Falls is to honeymooners“. Many San Franciscans think that the solution is to emulate the Empire State Building, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the Eiffel Tower,
27、St. Peter“s basilica and other such places and put up a simple barrier. This, however, is a decision for the 19 board members of the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District, an entity that oversees the bridge itself and the buses and ferries that operate in the area. Most of its reve
28、nues“ come from tolls and fares, and the district loses money. A barrier would cost between $15 million and $25 million. So the Psychiatric Foundation of Northern California, which has adopted the barrier as its cause, considers it a success that the board has merely allowed a feasibility study, for
29、 which various private and public donors have raised $2 million. Mel Blaustein, a director at the foundation, has heard several arguments against a barrier over the yearstoo ugly, too expensive, and so forthbut the most persistent has been that people would simply kill themselves somewhere else, so
30、why bother? This is nonsense, he says, “Most suicides are impulsive and preventable“. A bridge without a barrier, adds Pat Hines, Kevin“s father, is “like leaving a loaded gun in the psychiatric ward“.（分数：10.00）(1).Kevin Hines choose to commit suicide at such an early age in that _.（分数：2.00）A.he suf
31、fered a disease which caused him gloomy and crazy.B.he found an easiest way to end up his life.C.he was in his periodical decline and out of his senses.D.he found the Golden Gate Bridge a suitable place to do so.(2).Why does the author mention Niagara Falls and honeymooners?（分数：2.00）A.Because Niagar
32、a Falls and honeymooners are as well-known as the Golden Gate Bridge.B.Because Niagara Falls is the resort for couples who spend their holidays.C.Because Niagara Falls attracts honeymooners the same way the Bridge does to suicides.D.Because Niagara Falls is a magnificent place for honeymooners to ga
33、ther around there.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the board of the Golden Gate Bridge will _.（分数：2.00）A.raise enough money to start the project which can prevent suicides.B.not raise the money because they cannot make both ends meet.C.raise money for the prevention project reluctantly f
34、rom society.D.abandon the plan to add equipment to prevent sad people from death.(4).What will the author mention after Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Some examples that bridges with barriers saved many people“s lives.B.Some suicides were successfully prevented.C.Some barriers over bridges are accepted both
35、 ornamentally and financially.D.Some barriers over bridges are in progress.(5).What is the author“s attitude towards the foundation of barriers over the bridge?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Critical.C.Biased.D.Objective.“What“s the difference between God and Larry Ellison?“ asks an old software industry j
36、oke. Answer: God doesn“t think he“s Larry Ellison. The boss of Oracle is hardly alone among corporate chiefs in having a reputation for being rather keen on himself. Indeed, until the bubble burst and the public turned nasty at the start of the decade, the cult of the celebrity chief executive seeme
37、d to demand bossly narcissism, as evidence that a firm was being led by an all-conquering hero. Narcissus in Greek myth met a nasty end, of course. And in recent years, boss-worship has come to be seen as bad for business. In his management besteller, Good to Great, Jim Collins argued that the truly
38、 successful bosses were not the self-proclaimed stars who adorn the covers of Forbes and Fortune, but instead self-effacing, thoughtful, monkish sorts who lead by inspiring example. A statistical answer may be at hand. For the first time, a new study, “It“s All About Me“, to be presented next week a
39、t the annual gathering of the American Academy of Management, offers a systematic, empirical analysis of what effect narcissistic bosses have on the firms they run. The authors, Arijit Chatterjee and Donald Hambriek, of Pennsylvania State University, examined narcissism in the upper echelons of 105
40、firms in the computer, and software industries. To do this, they had to solve a practical problem: studies of narcissism have hitherto relied on surveying individuals personally, something for which few chief executives are likely to have time or inclination. So the authors devised an index of narci
41、ssism using six publicly available indicators obtainable without the co-operation of the boss. These are: the prominence of the boss“s photo in the annual report; his prominence in company press releases; the length of his “Who“s Who“ entry; the frequency of his use of the first person singular in i
42、nterviews; and the ratios of his cash and non-cash compensation to those of the firm“s second-highest paid executive. Narcissism naturally drives people to seek positions of power and influence, and because great self-esteem helps your professional advance, say the authors, chief executives will ten
43、d on average to be more narcissistic than the general population. How does that affect a firm? Messrs Chatterjee and Hambrick found that highly narcissistic bosses tended to make bigger changes in the use of important resources, such as research and development, or in spending and leverage; they car
44、ried out more and bigger mergers and acquisitions; and their results were both more extreme (more big wins or big losses) and more volatile than those of firms run by their humbler peers. For shareholders, that could be good or bad.（分数：10.00）(1).The author uses the example of Larry Ellison to show t
45、hat _.（分数：2.00）A.people conceive of the boss as an all-conquering hero.B.the chief executive is an essential person in corporation.C.lots of bosses always show their narcissistic trait.D.the truly successful bosses are those who love themselves.(2).The word “self-effacing“ in the last sentence of Pa
46、ragraph 2 most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.decent.B.optimistic.C.intelligent.D.modest.(3).Which of the following is NOT the feature of the boss“s narcissism?（分数：2.00）A.The ratios of his cash and non-cash compensation to those of the firm“s second-highest paid executive.B.The kind of people in his “W
47、ho“s Who“ entry.C.The rate of occurrence of his use of the first person singular in interviews.D.The conspicuousness of the boss“s photo in the annual report.(4).It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that _.（分数：2.00）A.the narcissistic boss like to do a lot of research in spending and leverage.B.the bo
48、ss is rather keen on himself than his subordinate.C.the narcissistic boss“s always got the outstanding achievement.D.the person who seeks positions of power and influence will become narcissistic.(5).The best title for the text may be _.（分数：2.00）A.It“s All About Me: Is the Boss an All-conquering Hero.B.The Brand of Me: Does the Boss in Your Corporation Have Narcissism.C.Narcissistic Boss: To Be Or Not To Be.D.The Studies of Narcissism.To Journalists, three of anything makes a trend. So after th
